Muhammad Adil
Dysmorphogeneis And Ocular Anomalies Associated With Toxic Exposure To Cigarette Somoke Condensate Total Particulate Matter and Auto-Rickshaw Smoke Solutions - 2011
Cigarette smoke and auto-rickshaw smoke constitute perilous threats to the public health in urban regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Cigarette smoke and auto-rickshaw smoke solution on morphometric and ocular development of embryo using chicken embryo assay. Fertile White Leghorn chicken eggs at day 6 of incubation were aseptically windowed using a sterile 26-guage needle. Different cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) were prepared, using four different commercial filtered cigarettes and later on these CSCs were applied to the main "Y" branch of chorio-allontoic membranes (CAMs). Moreover, cigarette total particulate matter (TPM) from the Cambridge filters was extracted in 10 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 200µl of this solution was applied to embryos. A double barrel plastic bottle attached with a polythene bag containing 100 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used to collect exhaust samples from two stroke and four stroke auto-rickshaws. Subsequently, 200?l of each solution was applied to the embryos. On day 7 of incubation, the embryos were examined for morphological defects. Eyeballs were carefully removed, fixed in Formalin and processed for histological examination. Histological sections were digitized with a spot camera for precise interpretation of any subtle changes in ocular development. The data was presented as mean ± SD. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate different parameters between control and treated samples.
Embryonic exposure to TPM resulted in vascular and morphogenetic abnormalities in terms of ectopia cordis, bi-trunked and mammoth headed appearance. Impact of TPM on ocular development was manifested as irregular growth of ganglion cell layer showing marked asymmetry and undifferentiated retinal layers with erratic distribution of plexiform matter.
CSC exposure was associated with stunted embryonic growth. Ocular toxicity profile triggered by CSC exposure comprised of degenerative changes in forebrain and retinal ganglion cell layer in conjunction with influx of inflammatory cells, delayed differentiation of photoreceptor layer, outer limiting membrane and plexiform layers.
Application of FSARSS gave rise to four different types of ectopia cordis among all treated embryos, i.e. incomplete ectopia cordis, complete ectopia cordis, cervico-thoracic ectopia cordis and thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis. Ocular development was adversely affected leading to varied corneal abnormalities, asymmetrical growth of cuboidal epithelial lens cells and influx of inflammatory cells into the retinal layers.
TSARSS-treated embryos revealed widespread hemorrhages. Deterioration in the normal architecture of lens fiber, loss of retinal integrity and delayed differentiation of retinal layers were common findings among all TSARSS-treated embyoes.
Department of Pharmaoclogy & Toxicology
1287,T
Dysmorphogeneis And Ocular Anomalies Associated With Toxic Exposure To Cigarette Somoke Condensate Total Particulate Matter and Auto-Rickshaw Smoke Solutions - 2011
Cigarette smoke and auto-rickshaw smoke constitute perilous threats to the public health in urban regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Cigarette smoke and auto-rickshaw smoke solution on morphometric and ocular development of embryo using chicken embryo assay. Fertile White Leghorn chicken eggs at day 6 of incubation were aseptically windowed using a sterile 26-guage needle. Different cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) were prepared, using four different commercial filtered cigarettes and later on these CSCs were applied to the main "Y" branch of chorio-allontoic membranes (CAMs). Moreover, cigarette total particulate matter (TPM) from the Cambridge filters was extracted in 10 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 200µl of this solution was applied to embryos. A double barrel plastic bottle attached with a polythene bag containing 100 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used to collect exhaust samples from two stroke and four stroke auto-rickshaws. Subsequently, 200?l of each solution was applied to the embryos. On day 7 of incubation, the embryos were examined for morphological defects. Eyeballs were carefully removed, fixed in Formalin and processed for histological examination. Histological sections were digitized with a spot camera for precise interpretation of any subtle changes in ocular development. The data was presented as mean ± SD. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate different parameters between control and treated samples.
Embryonic exposure to TPM resulted in vascular and morphogenetic abnormalities in terms of ectopia cordis, bi-trunked and mammoth headed appearance. Impact of TPM on ocular development was manifested as irregular growth of ganglion cell layer showing marked asymmetry and undifferentiated retinal layers with erratic distribution of plexiform matter.
CSC exposure was associated with stunted embryonic growth. Ocular toxicity profile triggered by CSC exposure comprised of degenerative changes in forebrain and retinal ganglion cell layer in conjunction with influx of inflammatory cells, delayed differentiation of photoreceptor layer, outer limiting membrane and plexiform layers.
Application of FSARSS gave rise to four different types of ectopia cordis among all treated embryos, i.e. incomplete ectopia cordis, complete ectopia cordis, cervico-thoracic ectopia cordis and thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis. Ocular development was adversely affected leading to varied corneal abnormalities, asymmetrical growth of cuboidal epithelial lens cells and influx of inflammatory cells into the retinal layers.
TSARSS-treated embryos revealed widespread hemorrhages. Deterioration in the normal architecture of lens fiber, loss of retinal integrity and delayed differentiation of retinal layers were common findings among all TSARSS-treated embyoes.
Department of Pharmaoclogy & Toxicology
1287,T