| Dissertation note |
Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality.
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