Isoproterenol is a drug which is used to treat heart attack, congestive heart failure, shock and certain types of irregular heartbeat. In addition to this, it is also employed during the process of anesthesia to avoid the constriction of airways. Isoproterenol is a synthetic catecholamine which produced myocardial infarction because of production of cytotoxic free radicals. Citric acid is water soluble and is most important antioxidant and enzyme cofactor. Recent evidence suggests that citric acid possess antioxidant activity.
The aim of this study was to optimize a supplement at which citric acid can act as cardio protector against isoproterenol and also to evaluate its effect on level of CK-MB, serum glucose, serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, AST, ALT, ALP.
Forty rabbits were selected and housed in the experimental shed of the Department of physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Before the arrival of rabbits, the shed was cleaned and fumigated. The rabbits were divided randomly in to five groups, each with eight replicates (n=8 in each group). Animals were treated by following treatment plan; Group 1: (Negative Control) Animals received normal saline 1ml orally for 14 days. Group 2: (Positive Control) Animals received normal saline 1ml orally for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day. Group 3: Animals received citric acid 250 mg/kg body weight orally (dissolved in 1 ml distill water) for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day. Group 4: Animals received citric acid 500 mg/kg bodyweight orally (dissolved in 1 ml distill water) for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day. Group 5: Animals received citric acid 750 mg/kg body weight orally (dissolved in 1 ml distill water) for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day.
At the end of the experiment, rabbits were slaughtered to collect blood samples for serum biochemical analysis (CK-MB, lipid profile, LFT’s, RFT’s, serum glucose). Data was analyzed by one way analysis of variance using SPSS software (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois). The group differences were studied by using Duncan’s multiple range tests. The P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Data was presented as mean ± SD.
Results showed that the level of CK-MB, creatinine, urea, HDL-C, ALT were found significant (P<0.05) in rabbits compared with the control. While there was no significant effect found on serum glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALP in all the experimental groups compared with control.
From our study we have concluded that supplementation of citric acid has cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rabbits. It shows significant effect on CK-MB, HDL-C, ALT, urea and creatinine. While there was no significant effect found on serum glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALP.