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A Study On Point Prevalence, Etiological And Biochemical Investigations Of Post Parturient Haemoglobinuria In Buffaloes In Tehsil Bhalwal

By: Muhammad Azeem (2015-VA-430) | Dr. Muti-ur-Rehman Khan.
Contributor(s): Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Shafqat Fatima Rehmani.
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: 2017Description: 46p.Subject(s): PathologyDDC classification: 2847-T Dissertation note: Post-parturient haemoglobinuria is a disease of great economic importance of sub-continent affecting a large number of buffaloes. It is characterized by intravascular hemolysis, haemoglobinemia, haemoglobinuria ultimately leading to anemia. The exact pathogenesis is yet unknown as there are many diversified etiological factors have been associated with this disease. All the relevant information is relatively scanty. Consequently present study has been aimed to study all possible risk factors associated with this disease in tehsil Bhalwal of district Sargodha where a large number of increasing cases were reported by the local governmental body. Etiological, hematological and biochemical risk factors were quantified to facilitate control measures and upcoming research priorities. This study was conducted from the period of about 4 months from November 2016 to February 2017. Cross-sectional epidemiological observations were documented on hemoglobinuric and healthy buffaloes for hematological and biochemical study related to parturient haemoglobinuria. The sample size was determined to three hundred and eighty four animals.Present study was observed during the period of four months (November 2016 to February 2017). Out of 384, forty animals (n=40) were confirmed with post parturient hemoglobinuria. The point prevalence observed during the period of four months was 10.4%. Buffaloes showing signs of hemoglobinuria along with parturition history, pale mucous membranes, mild tachycardia and dyspnoea was assumed as affected with post-parturient haemoglobinuria while animals suffering from other problems like babesiosis causing red urine were omitted from the study after verification of diagnosis through giemsa staining. The blood samples were processed for haematological analysis for the final confirmation of positive   haemoglobinuric buffaloes. Blood sample collected and placed in EDTA vacutainerswas processed for hematology to study hemoglobin (Hgb) values, total erythrocytes count (TEC), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) and hematocrit (Hct), total leukocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in addition to mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) by using haematological analyzer. Haematological analysis of all the samples was made from Department of Pathology, UVAS, Lahore.Serum samples of all buffaloes were analyzed for biochemical analysis asalkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum urea, glucose,bilirubin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, copper, and molybdenum. Moreover, urinalysis was done for gross and biochemical analysis. Results of the study revealed significant difference among complete blood count (CBC) includingHgb, TEC, Hct and TLC, ESR, MCV and MCH. However, there was no significant variation among MCHC values in affected buffaloes. Serum biochemistry also revealed significant difference of various parameters including ALP, creatinine,BUN, total bilirubin, phosphorus, copper and molybdenum. However, no significant difference was detected among the healthy and affected groups regarding blood glucose and serum calcium levels. There was significant elevation in pulse and respiration rates in buffaloes affected with hemoglobinuria. The results regarding mineral analysis of the soil shows significant difference in phosphorus and copper. Moreover, mineral levels of soil and serum of animals showed significant relation of phosphorus levels, followed by the levels of molybdenum. Calcium and copper levels also showed moderate relationship. Observations regarding parity/lactation number reveal the highest incidence rate of 35% among buffaloes at 3rd lactation, followed by buffaloes at 4th, 2nd, 5th, 1st and 6th lactation, respectively. Milk production showed direct relationship with buffaloes affected with post parturient hemoglobinuria. From the present study, it is concluded thathemoglobinuria was observed in buffaloes of tehsil Bhalwal may be due to variation of soil composition particularly the deficiency of Phosphorus which may lead to the lysis of erythrocytes and hemoglobinuria through various pathways. However, efficient replenishment of minerals content in fodder producing soil is necessary to overcome the disease in buffaloes affecting from parturient hemoglobinuria in the aforementioned area.  
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Post-parturient haemoglobinuria is a disease of great economic importance of sub-continent affecting a large number of buffaloes. It is characterized by intravascular hemolysis, haemoglobinemia, haemoglobinuria ultimately leading to anemia. The exact pathogenesis is yet unknown as there are many diversified etiological factors have been associated with this disease. All the relevant information is relatively scanty. Consequently present study has been aimed to study all possible risk factors associated with this disease in tehsil Bhalwal of district Sargodha where a large number of increasing cases were reported by the local governmental body. Etiological, hematological and biochemical risk factors were quantified to facilitate control measures and upcoming research priorities.
This study was conducted from the period of about 4 months from November 2016 to February 2017. Cross-sectional epidemiological observations were documented on hemoglobinuric and healthy buffaloes for hematological and biochemical study related to parturient haemoglobinuria. The sample size was determined to three hundred and eighty four animals.Present study was observed during the period of four months (November 2016 to February 2017). Out of 384, forty animals (n=40) were confirmed with post parturient hemoglobinuria. The point prevalence observed during the period of four months was 10.4%.
Buffaloes showing signs of hemoglobinuria along with parturition history, pale mucous membranes, mild tachycardia and dyspnoea was assumed as affected with post-parturient haemoglobinuria while animals suffering from other problems like babesiosis causing red urine were omitted from the study after verification of diagnosis through giemsa staining. The blood samples were processed for haematological analysis for the final confirmation of positive  

haemoglobinuric buffaloes. Blood sample collected and placed in EDTA vacutainerswas processed for hematology to study hemoglobin (Hgb) values, total erythrocytes count (TEC), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) and hematocrit (Hct), total leukocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in addition to mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) by using haematological analyzer. Haematological analysis of all the samples was made from Department of Pathology, UVAS, Lahore.Serum samples of all buffaloes were analyzed for biochemical analysis asalkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum urea, glucose,bilirubin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, copper, and molybdenum. Moreover, urinalysis was done for gross and biochemical analysis.
Results of the study revealed significant difference among complete blood count (CBC) includingHgb, TEC, Hct and TLC, ESR, MCV and MCH. However, there was no significant variation among MCHC values in affected buffaloes. Serum biochemistry also revealed significant difference of various parameters including ALP, creatinine,BUN, total bilirubin, phosphorus, copper and molybdenum. However, no significant difference was detected among the healthy and affected groups regarding blood glucose and serum calcium levels. There was significant elevation in pulse and respiration rates in buffaloes affected with hemoglobinuria.
The results regarding mineral analysis of the soil shows significant difference in phosphorus and copper. Moreover, mineral levels of soil and serum of animals showed significant relation of phosphorus levels, followed by the levels of molybdenum. Calcium and copper levels also showed moderate relationship.
Observations regarding parity/lactation number reveal the highest incidence rate of 35% among buffaloes at 3rd lactation, followed by buffaloes at 4th, 2nd, 5th, 1st and 6th lactation, respectively. Milk production showed direct relationship with buffaloes affected with post parturient hemoglobinuria.
From the present study, it is concluded thathemoglobinuria was observed in buffaloes of tehsil Bhalwal may be due to variation of soil composition particularly the deficiency of Phosphorus which may lead to the lysis of erythrocytes and hemoglobinuria through various pathways. However, efficient replenishment of minerals content in fodder producing soil is necessary to overcome the disease in buffaloes affecting from parturient hemoglobinuria in the aforementioned area.

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