The ureters are the thick, long 'tube& that aid the urine in moving from the kidneys to the bladder. They are about 10 to 12 inches in length and the urine moves downward by gravity and peristalsis (waves of contractions). The ureters enter the urinary bladder at an angle to help prevent any backflow (reflux) of urine back into the ureter. The walls of the ureter contain

I smooth muscles. The ureter enter the bladder through the detrusor muscle in the trigone region of I the bladder. The ureters course oblique for several centimeters through the bladder wall. The normal tone of the detrusor muscle in tends to compress the ureter, thereby preventing back flow I of urine from the bladder when pressure build up in the bladder during micturation or bladder compression. The backflow of urine is prevented by valves known as ureterovesical valves. Any disease condition of ureter like ectopic ureter or devitalization due to foreign body necessitates the resection of it. This project has been designed to evaluate different suturing techniques like end-to-end anastomosis,slanting and telescoping. The study has been designed on twenty four stray dogs. The dogs will be divided into 3 groups i.e group A, B, and comprising 8 animals each. The dogs of group A will be numbered from 1-8, group B from 9-16, group and C from 17-24 for the identification purpose. The surgery will be conducted through ventral midline celiotomy from umbilicus to a variable distance caudally under general anesthesia. In group A,

Slanting, in group B, end to end anastomosis and in group C Telescoping technique will be practiced. Simple interrupted suturing techniques with 3-0 Poly galactin 910 (Vicryl) will be performed . In group A, operated dog No.5 died on day 15 post operatively. The versatility and comparison of the techniques were evaluated on the basis of health status including vomiting, diarrhea, and weight gain or weight loss, urographic assessment, of the anastomotic site in all three group A, B and C. The leakage was checked at 15, 30, 45,75 and 90 days post surgery using contrast urographs. During the study period the dogs were housed in the kennels available at Surgery Section, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore.

The present project is clearly indicated that slant suturing technique was found to be more suitable and compatible anastomotic technique with excellent clinical superiority. It resulted in the better minimal leakage at the anastomotic site ,satisfactory is simple to duplicate under field conditions and minimal urological complications.