A miscarriage medically known as spontaneous abortion is defined as a pregnancy that ends by itself spontaneously before the fetus has reached a viable gestational age of 20 to 24 weeks. Brucellosis, Q fever and Chlamydiosis are the zoonotic diseases that are widely distributed around the world and are caused by gram negative Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydophila pecorum and Chlamydophila abortus. The current study was carried out for the molecular detection of five zoonotic bacteria in spontaneous human abortion cases. The complete blood analysis is helpful for the early diagnosis of infections in pregnancy. In this study complete blood count (CBC) and liver function test (LFT) of all patients was carried out and it was found that hemoglobin, total leukocyte count (TLC), serum bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphate, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were found to be increased as compared to normal values which indicated the fact that these parameters may fluctuate in human abortion cases.
Similarly in the present study DNA was isolated from blood samples by adopting the procedure of Genex kit. Five sets of primers were used as described earlier for identification of bacteria (Berri et al. 2009; Bally et al. 1992). In our local population of pregnant women the risk of different bacteria was evaluated and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) results were analyzed to determine the presence of different bacterial pathogens in all patients. The percentage prevalence of each bacterial pathogen was calculated. The prevalence of B. abortus was found to be maximum (11.6%) while B. melitensis was not detected in any patient. However, C. burnetii and C. pecorum was found to be 3.33% each and C. abortus was found to be 6.66% respectively. In healthy females no infection was observed. Quantitative data in this study was statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 17.0). The m-PCR assay developed in current study provides a new tool for Brucellosis, Chlamydiosis and Q fever diagnosis. The application of this assay may be helpful to control animal and human infections. The study will result in the development of a diagnosis test that can be utilized for the identification of bacterial infections at early stage of pregnancy and will be helpful to reduce the number of abortions by treatment of specific bacterial infections.