Anesthesia can be achieved with injection or inhalation of substances that produce
reversible state of unconsciousness. For scientific quality, anesthetic technique must be reliable
and safe and the effects, of anesthetic compounds on animals must be well documented. If
animals undergo survival surgery, they need to recover quickly and not suffer unnecessarily
disturbance in biological parameters. This is of importance for both animal welfare and scientific
quality.
Awareness among animal lovers and increase in value of animals, the impedance has
increased to many folds on surgeons to select ideal anesthetics for ideal outcomes during major
surgical interventions. The anesthetic agents should be standardized for minimal recovery time in
animals, so that the animals have to bear minimum cardiovascular, hepatic and renal distress due
to different anesthetic drugs used.
The present study was carried out on twelve sheep and goats. The selection criteria was
surgical cases presented for minor and major surgeries at Indoor Surgery Clinic, UVAS, Lahore.
All surgical cases were subjected into two treatment groups, viz. group A and B comprising six
surgical cases in each group. In group (A) animals were given Xylazine @2.2mg/kg (Xylaz;
Farvet, Holland) as a preanesthetic followed by Ketamine @2-4mg/kg (Ketarol; Global pharma,
Pakistan) as anesthetic and maintenance whereas group (B) animals were given xylazine
@2.2mg/kg as preanesthetic and afterwards induction and maintenance were performed with
Isoflurane (4%) (Forane; Abbott, Pakistan) inhalation anesthesia with oxygen flow rate of (3
L/min)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………SUMMARY
63
The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of xylazine, ketamine and
isoflurane gas anesthesia on different biological systems of body. Comparison among different
drugs was evaluated during minor and major surgeries in sheep and goat. The parameters used to
evaluate the efficacy of these anesthetic drugs exposed that isoflurane has less outcome on
cardiovascular, liver and renal system. In adding together it has an edge over other injectable
anesthetic drugs on account of its undetrimental effect on other physiological parameters of
animals. Clinical trials have proved that isoflurane a narrative anesthetic agent is a drug of choice
in minor as well as major surgical procedures without any injurious effects.
Conclusion:
The mean value of specific all parameters TPR, LFT and RFT and CBC shows that Injectable
xylazine and ketamine was not safe. Isoflurane anesthesia was the safest anesthetic agent in
geriatric or weak animals for longer procedure.