Plant products play a vital role in the management of various ailments due to their therapeutic activity. A wide range of active phytochemicals peptides have been found to have therapeutic uses against various functionally and genetically diverse viruses. Newcastle disease virus causes respiratory diseases in humans, birds and other mammals, representing one of the foremost threats to public health.
In this study, the antiviral activity of Momordica charantia L. and Ribavirin against Newcastle disease virus was evaluated in-ovo. For each extract of the plant M. charantia and ribavirin 40 embryonated eggs were assigned to 8 groups containing 5 eggs in each group (six groups for antiviral, six groups for embryonic toxicity, and two groups were kept positive and negative control respectively) and marked them with lead pencil. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Momordica charantia L. was prepared by using soxhlet extraction technique. From the extract, six different dilutions i.e. 160mg/ml, 80mg/ml, 40mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 5mg/ml of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared in normal saline whereas; six different dilutions i.e. 15μg/ml, 20μg/ml, 25μg/ml, 30μg/ml, 35μg/ml and 40μg/ml of ribavirin were made in normal saline.
With ND virus the different concentrations of the extracts of plant were mixed and 0.2 ml of this suspension was injected to 9th to 10th day embryonated eggs along with positive and negative controls having only virus and normal saline correspondingly. Ribavirin, standard drug, was inoculated by following the mentioned manner. These inoculated embryonated chicken eggs were incubated at 370C and were checked after 12 – 72 hours. After 72 hours of post inoculation, all the eggs were chilled at 40C in fridge for overnight stretch of time and the allantoic fluid was collected.
Summary
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The embryo survival percentage, positive or negative spot haemagglutination activity and determination of virus titre by haemagglutination test confirmed the antiviral activity. The embryonic toxicity effects of Momordica charnatia aqueous and ethanolic extracts and ribavirin was assessed by merely inoculating the extracts of respective concentrations as used for antiviral activity in embryonated chicken eggs and incubating for 72 hours. The outcomes were analyzed by ANOVA by means of SPSS.