Hydatidosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by E.granulosus. The parasite causes production loss in meat industry by damaging lungs and liver of food producing animals which leads to decrease in body weight of animals. Animals suffering from Hydatidosis also slaughtered in abattoirs for meat production. These animals should be treated and proper control strategies should be adopted by deworming to control the production loss in meat industry. Histopathological findings are important to understand the reason for rejection of carcass along with viscera. The present study was designed to investigate the biochemical findings of hydatid cyst from lungs and liver of sheep and goats which can provide valuable information for determining the strains of E. granulossus, and to check current status of the disease at Lahore abattoirs, so that proper control strategies should be adopted to control this zoonotic disease.
A total of 1600 animals comprising 796 sheep and 804 goats of both sexes were examined for hydatid cyst in the month of August to November 2015 for determining the prevalence of E.granulosus in the particular time period. Total of 60 cysts samples from lung and liver of the sheep and goats were collected in the buffered formalin to check the biochemical profile for strain differentiation (30 from liver and lungs of sheep and 30 samples from liver and lungs of Goats). All the samples were collected form Lahore meat processing complex. The tissue samples of lungs and liver were subjected to histopathology. Histopathology was performed for lesion identification in tissues infected with hydrated cyst in the presence of viable and inviable cyst.
Summary
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In present study, overall prevalence of hydatidosis in sheep was found as 7.91 %. In lambs, the prevalence was almost similar in males 1.23 % and females 1.44 % but in adults, it was significantly higher 10.74 % in females as compared with males 6.46%. The prevalence was significantly higher 7.91 % in adults than in hoggets 1.32 %. In goats the overall prevalence of hydatidosis was found as 5.60%, prevalence was much higher in adult males 4.38 % than in young ones 0.64 %. Similarly there was a significant difference in the prevalence between young 1.36 % and adult females 7.88 %. In the present study, overall prevalence in goats was recorded as 5.60 % which is significantly lower than the found in sheep 7.91 %. The prevalence was significantly higher in adult male sheep than that in adult male goats. It was observed that cysts removed from liver in both the species were more fertile than those of collected from lungs and also reported that hepatic cyst are more fertile than the cysts found in lungs.
The biochemical comparison helped in the characterization and identification of strains of E.granulosus at Lahore region. The obtained data was statically observed on student t test for the detection of mean difference in the biochemical profile of the both sheep and goat cysts. Statically there was significant difference found in the total Glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol, levels in hydatid cyst fluid obtained from the sheep and goats. These difference was due to the strain variation of E.granulosus. There was no significant difference in the biochemical levels of urea, uric acid, total protein, creatinine, calcium and phosphorous. The level of glucose and triglycerides in sheep was 6.3 and 0.63 mmol/lit respectively which was significantly higher than hydatid cyst fluid of goats i.e., 4.2 and 0.39 mmol/lit respectively. The level of the cholesterol in sheep was lower than that of goats which was 0.14 and 0.39 mmol/lit respectively.
Study helped us to know the current status of Hydatidosis in small ruminants at Lahore which causes production loss in meat industry. The biochemical examination of cystic fluid helped us to know about the probability of the status of strains of E.granulosus present. Current biochemical profile indicates probability of two strains of E.granulosus are prevalent at Lahore for strains characterization and identification further studies are needed. The histopathological study helped us to find out the pathological changes at the tissue level in the presence of cyst in the tissues of the lungs and liver of sheep and goats.