Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that is affecting both developed and developing countries. Itis characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and also leads to neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, stroke, cardiovascular disease, gum infections, foot amputation, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, muscular weakness, weight loss, hyperglycemia.Maintance of blood sugar is very necessary for healthy life. Some people control their sugar level by exercise and diet but some need medications.
Zn is an essential trace element and vital for many biological functions and plays a crucial role in more than 300 enzymes in the body. ZnONPs are environment friendly and best UV reflector so used in cosmetics and screen savers. Zn plays a unique role in immune system. Low levels of Zn lead to reduce and weakenedT cells.Zn has an important role in biosynthesis, storage and secretion of insulin. ZnONPs could be used in different medicines for treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases and diabetes treatment.
Total of 25 Wistar rats were used in this study and divided in five groups(each group contain 5 rats).Non diabetic group served as negative control and diabetic group served as positive control, injected with physiological saline, and alloxan to induce diabetes respectively. Group A, B, C served as treatment groups, injected with alloxan and treated with three different doses (15mg/kg BW, 25mg/kg BW, 50mg/kg BW) respectively.Then on day 14; the blood samples were collected. Then the biochemical analysis of serum glucose, kidney function test and anti-oxidant status (catalase, MDA) was done by using commercially available Kits.The data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance(ANOVA).The group differences were compared by the Duncan multiple range test.Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.
The obtained results showedthat ZnONPs supplementation reduced the diabetes.We observed significant value change for antioxidant status (MDA, Catalase) and renal function tests (urea, uric acid, creatinine), but these changes were dose dependent.
So we can conclude thatZnONPs has the ability to reduce the blood glucose level but this reduction is dose dependent, as we increased the dose the reduction in serum glucose level was also increased. The highest dose in our study 50mg/kg BW was found more efficient for reduction in blood glucose, reduction in MDA, increased anti-oxidant defense system and reduction in serum urea, uric acid and creatinine level.