1.
Decolorization And Degradation Of Azo Dyes In Textile Effluent By Candida Tropicalis
by Urooj Chaudhry | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Ms. Asma Waris.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Azo dyes are synthetic organic compounds widely used in the textile, paper, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food industries. It consist of one or more azo bonds (-N=N-) associated with one or more aromatic systems. Studies indicate that these dyes are toxic, harmful to the environment and form carcinogenic and/or mutagenic aromatic amines. These are not readily biodegradable in textile effluent treatment.
To decolorize and degrade the textile industry dye effluents by treatment with microorganism Candida tropicalis (yeast) to an extent to make it least harmful to the water habitat and also to make fit for irrigation purposes. The influencing parameters that affect the percentage of decolorization rates are optimized in still culture fermentation. Spectrophotometric analysis method was used to estimate decolorization of textile effluent at its?max 390 nm. The optimal values of parameters such as effluent to water ratio, fermentation time and pH and carbon to nitrogen ratio are found to be 1:5, 72 hours, 6.0and 1:1.72 respectively. The concentration of ionic saltof CaCl2 was also optimized for maximum decolorizationand optimized concentration was 0.15% for Candida tropicalisrespectively. The decolorization of effluent was carried out on large scale in a flask of 2.5 L by applying the predetermined optimum levels. In this case the maximum percent of decolorization of the effluent was found to 80.34% with Candida tropicalis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1629,T] (1).
2.
Molecular Genetic Study Of Oculocutaneous Albinism In Pakistani Population
by Sajjad ali shah | Prof. Dr. Masroor ellahi babar | Dr. Asif nadeem | Dr. Muhammad Tayyeb.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2080,T] (1).
3.
Srudy Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor Delta Subnuit Gene Mutations Involved In Generalized Epilepsy With Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS+) Patients in Punjab
by Iram Javed | Dr. Muhammad Wasim | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: World health organization (WHO) reports that neurological disorders affect one billion people worldwide, including 50 million affected by epilepsy. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, periodic, spontaneous and unprovoked seizures. Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+) is an autosomal dominant disorder and a heterogeneous familial condition in which family members express febrile seizures initially, and then show multiple phenotypes of myoclonic epilepsy including partial or absence seizures and generalized tonic conic seizures. Molecular genetics techniques have identified various GEFS+ associated mutations in many genes i.e. sodium channel genes (SCN2A, SCN1A, and SCN1B) and some GABA receptor genes (GABRG2 and GABRD). GABAA receptors are the principal intermediaries of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the eNS and have been frequently reported to playa significant role in a number of seizures. GABRD gene encodes the delta (8) subunit and is usually located in extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. The present study was aimed to investigate coding regions of GABRD gene for analyzing the mutations involved in epilepsy. Blood samples of unrelated true representative ofGEFS+ were collected from psychiatry departments of different hospitals of Lahore. DNA were extracted with the standard protocol and amplifications of the GABRD regions were done with specially designed primers. Later on, sequencing of target fragments was carried out. Sequences were analyzed through BioEdit software and then aligned with the help of custalW2 software. Out of 14 GEFS+ patients, only 3 were identified with a novel heterozygous transition mutation in intron 5. Further study, with much larger sample number, is required to revise the effects of this polymorphism and accurately identifying the associated factors. There is a need to explore the other gene mutations causing epilepsy in local population of Punjab and Pakistan that will ultimately help to develop genetic counseling strategies, gene therapies and prenatal diagnostic procedures for the population of Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1394,T] (1).
4.
Paternal Lineage Analysis In Sahiwal, Cholistani And Dajal Breeds Of Cattle Through Sry And Zfy Genes Analysis.
by Anwar Saeed | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Livestock sector plays a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. Main contribution of milk comes from buffaloes and cattle. Cattle are the major elements of livestock in the country and possess great importance for economy in the form of milk and meat production. Cholistani, Sahiwal and Dajal are the major cattle breeds of Pakistan.
Conventional classification of breeds was based on phenotypic traits. In some cases, recent genetic studies have found differences in the structure proposed. In cattle ,one has to bear in mind that morphological changes were not the result of adaptation to the environment, but have a social significance thus may not be indicative of the genetic relationship. In recent years Y chromosomal genes have proved to be very useful for the determination of genetic relationship among population. Comparative studies have highlighted the advantages of the SRY and ZFY genes of Y chromosome. These genes have been considered as competent and powerful tool for the purpose of breed characterization and species identification of cattle.
Blood samples from true representative animals of each of the three cattle breeds (Cholistani, Sahiwal and Dajal) were collected from different Government livestock farms and their respective home tracts in Punjab. DNA was extracted by inorganic method and amplification of the SRY and ZFY (exon 5) genes of Y chromosome was done with especially designed primers using Primer3 software in Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory at Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Specific primers are designed for these genes amplification. Then primers were optimized for successful amplification with minimum reagent concentration. PCR was 58
performed for amplification of SRY and ZFY (exon 5) genes on each sample. Sequencing was conducted on amplicons to find out the different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to make haplotypes with the help of bioinformatics software like Blast 2sequence and Neighbor Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA version 5. The results obtained from this study now can contribute to the establishment of routine DNA typing service to the advantages of the cattle in livestock industry.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1459,T] (1).
5.
Bioconversion Of Wheatbran To Glucose By Gluoamylase From Aspergillus Fumigatus
by Hassan Ali | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Background:
Glucose is produced by hydrolysis of starch. Many crops like maize, rice and wheat can be used as the source of starch. Wheat bran is an agricultural waste byproduct which can be converted to glucose using glucoamylase. Wheat bran is very cheap source for carbohydrates. It is mainly composed of carbohydrates; hemicelluloses, cellulose and starch. Glucoamylase is an enzyme that yields glucose from the nonreducing chain of amylose and amylopectin by hydrolyzing ? -1,3, ?-1, 4 and ?-1,6 linkages of starch. Glucoamylases are produced by plants, animals and microorganism. Microbes, including bacteria, yeast and fungi are major source for the production of glucoamylases. Aspergillus fumigatus is found in soil and in decaying organic matter and it has an essential role in carbon and nitrogen recycling.
Hypothesis: A. fumgiatus might be a good source for the production of glucoamylase through submerged fermentation conditions.
Parameters/Methodlogy: Aspergillus fumigatus was identified macro and microscopically. Enzyme production was measured by DNS method. The effects of different sources of carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen on glucoamylase production were also examined. In order to get the optimum production of glucoamylase, the effect of temperature, pH and incubation period was analysed separately.
Methodology: Initially the A. fumigatus was isolated and conditions were optimized for the growth and production of glucoamylase. Production of enzyme was examined by DNS method. The effects of various carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous sources were examined on the production of glucoamylase. From the present study it was concluded that maximum production of glucoamylase can be obtained from A. fumigatus using wheat bran as the substrate at pH of 4.8, temperature of 40oC with an incubation time of three days.The use of wheat bran as substrate wheat bran for the production of glucoamylase will reduce the cost for the production of glucoamylase.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1509,T] (1).
6.
Bioconversion of Agriculture Waste to Lysine with UV Mutated Strain of Brevibacterium Flavum and ItsBiological Evaluation in Broiler Chicks.
by Alia Tabassum | Ms. Faiza Masood | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1530,T] (1).
7.
Molecular Study Of Apolipoprotein E Gene In Hypercholesterolemic Families
by Nasir Ali | Mr. Akhtar Ali | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1630,T] (1).
8.
Evaluation Of The Detoxification Potential Of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Curd And Whey Against Ochratoxin A In Broiler
by Afshan shabbir | Ms Huma Mujahid | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1657,T] (1).
9.
Effects Of Supplementation Of Catharanthus Roseus And Probiotic On Hematologica Profile And Immune
by Shumaila Zia | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Background: The drugs which are used for curing diabetes caused adverse effects and complications to liver and kidney functions. Besides the side effects of drugs, no drug completely maintained and controlled the complications of diabetes. Due to the undesired side effects and partially compensatory treatments for metabolic disorders demands to formulate latest plant based therapies for the treatment of diabetes. There is also a need to establish the treatment which avoids the use of insulin injection.
C. roseus possessed anti-microbial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer antiviral and anti-hyperglycemic activities. The present study will be conducted to evaluate the change in hematological parameters and immunological response by the administration of aqueous extract of C. roseus leaves and probiotic in AIDR.
Hypothesis: It was assumed that aqueous extract of C. roseus and probiotic would improve the hematological profile and stimulate the immune response in diabetic rats.
Methodology: Twenty adult healthy rats (weighing 164-278g) were selected for experimental study. The rats were housed in clean metallic cages and divided in to four groups A, B, C and D. Five male rats were kept in Group A and B separately. Four female rats were kept in Group B and C separately. All the rats in each group is weighed and labeled. Rats were kept maintained under control environmental conditions of 24±5 ºC with 40-50% humidity, 12 hours light and dark photoperiod. Animals had free access to standard diet and water for the experimental trial of 21 days. Animal were fed with plane diet no. 25 used for rodents. Alloxan was used as a diabetogenic compound in a single dose of 150 mg/kg BW. Rats were fasted for12 hours, allowing only water access prior to the alloxan injection. After the estimation of fasting blood glucose the rats were rendered diabetic by injecting freshly prepared solution of alloxan (dissolving 600mg alloxan/ 4ml physiological saline) according to average body weight of each group which was calculated earlier. After 4 days of alloxan injection blood samples were obtained from tail vein of rat and hyperglycemia was confirmed by measuring fasting blood glucose level with glucometer. Rats with fasting blood glucose level higher than 150 mg/dl were considered as diabetic and used for further studies in present investigation. Blood samples were collected from the rats after 21 days of experimental trial. Rats were anaesthetized with chloroform in glass desiccators and blood sample was obtained through cardiac puncture using hypodermic needle and syringe. Blood samples were collected in EDTA containing vacutanors labeled with groups. 1.0 micro liter blood was separated from each group blood samples for the estimation of hematological parameters. Blood samples were then centrifuged at 3500 x g for 10 minutes to separate serum. Collected serum samples were then stored in labeled eppendrof at -20OC for further serological analysis.
Results: In our study the feed intake was not significantly influenced in treatment groups. But the body weights were significantly different in treatment groups as compared to treatment group. In blood biochemical analysis it was revealed that serum total protein level was significantly increased in group B and group C. Whereas serum albumin concentrations were not vary significantly among groups. However serum globulin level showed a trend towards significancy. The hematologic parameters were not affected by C. roseus and probiotic supplementation alone or in combination. The skin response to DNCB challenge also did not show significant results, which indicated that immune response was not varying among groups.
Conclusion: It is concluded from the results of present investigation that C. roseus and probiotic alone or in combination improved the body weight abnormality associated with diabetes but did not affect the feed intake. C. roseus was more effective in relation to body weight changes. However, C. roseus and probiotic both significantly increased the serum total protein and albumin level. Furthermore there were no significant effects showed by C. roseus and probiotic on immune response.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1840,T] (1).
10.
Molecular Diversity And Multiplex Genotyping Of Camel (Camelus Dromedarius) Breeds Of The Punjab Using Microsatellite Markers
by Fiaz hussain | Dr. Tanveer hissain | Dr. Asif nadeem | Dr. Muti-ur-rahman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1947,T] (1).
11.
Comparative Study Of Dust Prints Preserved By Electrostatic Dust Print Lifter (Edpl) Tape Lifting And Digital
by Afreen laeeque | Ms.Maryam javed | DR. Asif nadeem | Ms. Faiza.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1973,T] (1).
12.
Molecular Characterization Of Oxytocin Gene (Oxt) To Identify Novel Polymorphesns Controlling Silent Estrus Behavior in Nili-ravi Buffalo
by Madiha iqbal | Ms. Maryam javed | Dr. Asif nadeem | Ms. Fiza massood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1986,T] (1).
13.
Determination Of Residual Contents Of Pesticide Using Chromatographic Techniques In Rice Samples From Different Geograohical Regions of Punjab
by Abubakar imran | Dr. Tanveer hussain | Dr. Asif nadeem | Ms. Shagufta saeed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2017,T] (1).
14.
Biologigal Biochemical And Histopathological Responses Of Rats Fed With Detoxified Jatropha Curcas Seed Meal
by Sunnia Sharif | Ms. Faiza masood | Dr. Abu saeed hashmi | Dr. Asif nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2063,T] (1).
15.
Delignification Of Rice Husk By Organic Solvent Treatment To Increase It’s In Vitro Digestibility
by Awais Alam (2012-VA-604) | Dr. AbuSaeed Hashmi | Miss Huma Mujahid | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: The major constituent of plant cell wall is lignocellulose. Plant biomass mostly consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin alongside little measures of pectin, protein, extractives (dissolvable nonstructural materials, for example, sugars, nitrogenous material, chlorophyll, waxes) and ash. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic material in nature. There is an expected yearly overall production of 10–50 billion dry tons representing about 50% of the worldwide biomass yield (Parveen et al. 2009).
Numerous physicochemical, structural and compositional variables decrease the digestibility of cellulose present in lignocellulosic material. So a treatment is required to increase the digestibility of lignocellulose biomass by exposing the cellulose present in plant fibers. Different techniques have been utilized for treatment, including chemical treatment, ammonia fiber explosion, biological treatment and steam explosion to modify the cellulosic structure to increase the availability of cellulose for digestion (Haoran et al. 2013). At that point, acids, bases and enzymes might be utilized to break down the cellulose into its respective sugars. Cellulolytic enzymesare broadly used to break down cellulose into its constituent sugars.
Among various agricultural wastes a broadly available waste is Rice husk (RH) which is rich in lignocellulosic material. Internationally, roughly 600 million tons of rice paddy is delivered every year. By and large 20% of the rice paddy is husk, giving a yearly aggregate generation of 120 million tons (Abbas et al. 2010). Pakistan is a rice producing country a great part of the husk produced from processing of rice is either blazed or dumped as waste. Rice husk yield in Pakistan is more than 1780 thousand tons every year (Asif et al. 2013).
Rice husk produced during rice refining, makes disposal issue because of less business interest. Additionally, handling and transportation of RH is hazardous because of its low density. Rice husk ash (RHA) is an incredible environmental risk bringing about harm to land and encompassing range here it is dumped. Thus, business utilization of rice husk and its ash is the option answer for disposal problem (Dilip et al. 2014).
RH are essentially made up of lignocellulose (60wt. %) and silica (11wt. %). The greater part of past investigations concentrated on the preparation of silica or other silicon based materials from RH, while the lignocellulose in RH was mostly glazed and then wasted. Thus, a methodology for comprehensive usage of RH has been produced to expand its digestibility by the breakdown of lignocellulosic mass. (Ajay et al. 2012)
Numerous techniques have been adopted for treating lignocellulosic feedstocks. However just a few of them appear to be encouraging. These treatment techniques include dilute acid treatment, steam blast (CO2 blast), pH controlled water treatment, ammonia fiber expension, ammonia recycle percolation (ARP) and lime treatment. Some survey articles have been appeared for microbial biomass treatment. But the present study gave presentations on organosolv treatment process. Despite the fact that organosolv treatment is more expensive at present than the leading treatment forms, it can give some significant side products. It appears that organosolv treatment is more practical for biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass which considers the usage of every bit of biomass parts. An essential streamlining and usage of side products may lead the organosolv treatment to be a guaranteeing one for bio refining lignocellulosic feedstock in future. Organosolv treatment yields three different parts: dry lignin, a watery hemicellulose stream and a moderately pure cellulose division (Xuebing et al. 2009).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2230-T] (1).
16.
Polymorphism Study Of Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene (Casr)In Calcium Nephrolithiasis Affected Families
by Hafza Ammara (2013-VA-865) | Dr. Muhammad YasirZahoor | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Ms. Huma Mujahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Nephrolithiasis is a multi-factorial kidney stone disease resulting from the combined influence of epidemiological, biochemical and genetic risk factors. Calcium-sensing receptorprotien is plasma membrane G protein-coupled receptors that regulate secretion of parathyroid hormoneand calcium re-absorption by kidney tubular cells. This protienis able to sense small changes in circulating calcium concentration and, once activated, it inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion and renal tubule calcium re-absorption. The CaSR gene protein islocated on chromosome 3q13 is one of the candidate gene explaining individual predispositions to calcium nephrolithiasis. CaSR gene is a predecessor for nephrolithiasis due to its role in calcium re-absorption. CaSRgene has seven exons and several mutations have been reported globally related to calcium nephrolithiasis.
Twenty families affected with calcium nephrolithiasis having at least two affected individuals have been enrolled for this study. Ten families have already been analyzed for exon 3 & 4 in the laboratory. DNA has been extracted through inorganic extraction method from the blood of newly enrolled families. Primers have been designed for exon 5, 6 and 7 through Primer3 software. These exons have been sequenced using the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (Perkin Elmer/ABI) and have been read in an automated sequencer, ABI Prism model 3730 (Perkin Elmer).
We also screend the coding exon of CLDN14 genewhich is a membrane protein that regulates paracellular passage of ions and small solutesat epithelial tight junction.The overexpression of claudin-14 in the thick ascending limb of loop of henleof the kidney generates a renal phenotype characteristic with hypomagnesemiaand hypercalciuria that leads to the development of calcium nephrolithiasis.
All of the sequences have been evaluated by using Clustal-W programs, Chromas and Bioedit software for mutational analysis.Sequence analysis of CaSR gene revealed one novel splice mutationC>G at position 63722 at exon 5 in one affected family.This variation is found in the intronic region of the gene.We found one missense mutation Q536R at exon six in three different affected families. And one synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) C>G found at exon 7at rs2036400 in six different affected families.These SNPs showsa significant association of CaSRgene with nephrolithiasis. It will help to determine the risk factor and role of CaSR gene in inheritance of calcium nephrolithiasis. And it will also be used for genetic screening and prenatal diagnosis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2426-T] (1).
17.
Molecular Exploration Of Zinc Finger Bed-Type Containing 6 Gene For Growth Trait In Beetal Goat
by Kanwal Rashid (2014-VA-496) | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Zinc finger, BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6), is a novel transcription factor.It acts as a repressor of IGF2 transcription in skeletal muscle myogenesis and development. it is mainly involved in organism development, signaling, cell to cell interaction, hepatic fibrosis, clathrin mediated endocytosis and tight junction signaling cascades. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing using C2C12 cells identified about 2,500 ZBED6 binding sites in the genome, and the deduced consensus motif gave a perfect match with the established binding site in Igf2. Silencing of Zbed6 in myoblast cells affect Igf2 expression, cell proliferation, wound healing, and myotube formation. Genes associated with ZBED6 binding sites showed a highly significant enrichment for certain Gene Ontology classifications, including development and transcriptional regulation.Functional and signaling assays of BED6 gene indicate its probable role in controlling growth traits in Goat. Blood samples (n = 40) were collected. Inorganic method of DNA extraction used. Primers for PCR amplification will be designed using Primer3 software. PCR products will be sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer. The results of sequencing were analyzed using CHROMAS software. Sequence alignment tools (blast 2)were used for SNPs identification. Difference between allele and genotype frequency of studied gene evaluated by chi square test, likelihood test and analysis was done by POPGENE and one way ANOVA.Novel Variations identified which have probable implementation in selection of superior goats with higher tendencies towards weight gain. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2554-T] (1).
18.
Molecular Investigation Of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene Causing Familial Hypercholesterolemia And Its Evolutionary Relationship With Pan Troglodytes
by Rida Zainab (2014-VA-808) | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) phenotype is related to improper metabolism of low density lipoproteins due to mutations in Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene with increased risk of ischemic heart disease. Genetic variants in LDLR gene are associated with defective catabolism of cholesterol effecting lipid metabolism which results in familial hypercholesterolemia. It occurs in both forms: Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
Patients having high cholesterol were identified by observing the values of their serum lipid profile test reports. Their detailed history was taken and blood samples from the identified patients of familial hypercholesterolemia were collected. DNA extraction was done by Organic method. Primers were synthesized and PCR was conducted using optimized recipe and conditions. PCR products were sequenced.
Sequenced data was analyzed using Chromas or BioEdit software. BLAST was performed and sequences were aligned individually by comparing it to the reference sequence. This showed difference in any specific position of a mutated sequence against the reference sequence. CLUSTALW aligned all the sequences together in one time. Sequences were compared with reference sequence to detect the presence of any mutation or SNPs.
SNPs were identified manually and the peaks were observed in order to determine if the genotype is heterozygous or homozygous. Statistical Analysis was done and any amino acid change due to the observed SNPs was determined by using Expasy Translate Tool. It was found that both the SNPs showed amino acid changes. In the end, homology analysis was done which showed that Homo sapiens had their LDLR gene closest to that of Gorilla gorilla gorilla. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2551-T] (1).
19.
Genetic Study Of Height Related Gene Hmga2 As Externally Visible Characteristic Parameter In Pakistani Population For Forensic Application
by Maryam Aslam (2014-VA-811) | Dr. Sadaat Ali | Dr.M.Yasir Zahoor | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Externally visible characteristics (EVCs) are the phenotypic characters of an individual such as body height, pigmentation (skin, eye and hair color) and facial features (eye shape, lip size, nose shape etc. EVCs are multifactorial complex traits and it is the interaction of several genes among themselves and the environment that define the phenotype. DNA phenotyping is the use of genetic information such as DNA to determine a phenotype. It helps forensic investigator to predict the physical appearance of an individual to find unknown perpetrators or to identify missing persons using molecular analyses from biological samples in cases where all other means of inquiry, including conventional DNA profiling are non-informative.
Genome-wide association studies, linkage analyses, candidate gene studies, animal (knock-out) studies and evolutionary genetic studies resulted in the identification of a number of DNA markers that are associated with human appearance characteristics. These studies identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within DNA markers and adjacent DNA sequences, which are associated with variation in human appearance characteristics. By using PCR and SNP genotyping, SNPs associated with variation in human appearance characteristics can be used for human appearance predictions. Our study is aimed at establishment of hypothesis that variation in the 3'-UTR region of HMGA2 genes associated with the variations of height as an externally visible characteristics. Height is a classical polygenic trait that has provided general insights into the genetic architecture of common human traits. Human adult height is an important physical index to reflect the processes of growth and development. As a classic, polygenic quantitative trait, adult height is under strong genetic influence with heritability estimated up to 90%. HMGA2 is one of the major determinants of height and thus can be used as genetic marker for forensic identification.
Summary
62
In this study blood samples were collected from 30 males and 30 females categorized according to tall, average and short heights. A total of ten individuals were selected for each category. DNA of these individuals were extracted using organic extraction method. Extracted DNA was amplified using PCR with primers designed against 3'-UTR region of HMGA2 through Primer 3 software. Amplicons of 232 bp were sequenced by using Genetic analyser. CLUSTAL-W was used for sequence alignment that helps in identification of rs1042725 polymorphism in the 3'-UTR region of HMGA2 gene and other possible SNP‟s. Rs1042725 polymorphism in the 3'-UTR region of HMGA2 gene is marked by transition from C to T. Observed genotypic and allelic frequencies of tall, average and short heighted male and female was calculated and these genotypic and allelic frequencies were compared between different height ranges of male and female categories. Genotypic frequencies among the males were 0.03 for the CC genotype, 0.17 for the TT genotype and 0.8 for the CT genotype whereas genotypic frequencies among the females were 0.2 for the CC genotype, 0.36 for the TT genotype and 0.43 for the CT genotype. Allelic frequencies among the male were 0.43 for the C allele and 0.56 for the T allele whereas females have 0.42 for the C allele and 0.58 for the T allele. Genotypic frequencies among the tall males were 0 for the CC genotype, 0.2 for the TT genotype and 0.8 for the CT genotype whereas genotypic frequencies among the tall females were 0.2 for the CC genotype, 0.5 for the TT genotype and 0.3 for the CT genotype. Allelic frequencies among the tall male were 0.4 for the C allele and 0.6 for the T allele whereas tall females have 0.35 for the C allele and 0.65 for the T allele. Genotypic frequencies among the average males were 0 for the CC genotype, 0.2 for the TT genotype and 0.8 for the CT genotype whereas genotypic frequencies among the average females were 0.2 for the CC genotype, 0.2 for the TT genotype and 0.6 for the CT genotype. Allelic frequencies among the average heighted males were 0.4 for the C allele and 0.6 for the T allele whereas average females have 0.5 for the C allele and 0.5 for the T allele.
Summary
63
Genotypic frequencies among the short heighted males were 0.1 for CC genotype, 0.1 for the TT genotype and 0.8 for CT genotype whereas genotypic frequencies among the small females were 0.2 for the CC genotype, 0.4 for the TT genotype and 0.4 for the CT genotype. Allelic frequencies among the short heighted males were 0.5 for the C allele and 0.5 for the T allele whereas short heighted females have 0.4 for the C allele and 0.6 for the T allele. Genotypic and allelic frequencies among the tall, average and short heighted males and females were non-significant according to T-test at P-value (0.5) and level of significance (0.05). Also, by applying Chi square test it is concluded that there is no significant association of particular genotype with specific category of category of height group. Stastical analysis shows 0.67 P value which is greater than level of significance 0.05
Our study results were different with the study of (Hendriks et al., 2011) according to his study an rs1042725 single nucleotide polymorphism has been reported to be associated with the increase in the height amongst the individuals. Their study revealed that those individuals that carried the CC allele were tallest as compared to the individuals having the TT allele (Hendriks et al., 2011). Research to unravel the genetic basis of height , studies with many large sample groups from different parts of the world and prediction possibilities are recommended to develop an application for predicting human height on the basis of DNA. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2651-T] (1).
20.
Study Of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Th) Gene Sequence Variations In Association With Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) Dependence
by Ali Raza (2015-VA-446) | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Anti-Social Personality Disorder (ASPD) is ability of an individual to adopt social norms. These ASPDs are driving force in majority of criminal activities. Dopamine being important neurotranmiter of nervous system controls major behavioral traits. Low level of dopamine can be causative factor for an individual to start drug abuse to restore it because majority of drug are proven to enhance dopamine production. In this study genetic exploration of genes coding for dopamine producing enzymes. Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) gene was selected and its two regions (Intron 1 and exon 3) were amplified and analyzed through Sanger’s sequencing method followed by statistical analysis.
Total five SNP were recorded at locus TH1, TH2, TH3, TH4, and TH5. One insertion, three transversion and only one mutation was transition. No exonic mutation was recorded hence no change in protein structure was found. Mutations at TH1 and TH4 were found to be highly associated with addiction. Mutant “B” allele were also present but still wild “A” was most common allele in our population. TH1, TH2, TH4 have positive correlation with addiction, TH3 is correlated with Nicotine and TH5 shown protective role against nicotine. There are few genetic changes in our population that can be associated with drug addiction statistically but still there prevalence in our gene pool is very low. We can conclude on the basis of these findings that drug addiction in our population is more likely a social issue rather than genetical.
Limitations of our research was sample size. There are further possibilities for this project to investigate on mRNA level. Advanced neurobiological techniques can also be applied on subjects to analyze dopamine level in different brain regions. For genetic studies epistatic role of few other genes can also be considered for validation. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2858-T] (1).
