1.
Prevalence Of Salmonella And E.Coli In Diarrheic Calves
by Muhammad Anwar ullah | Dr.javeria Ali Khan | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Calf diarrhea causes mortality and heavy economic losses. In this study, calf diarrhea caused by Salmonella and E. coli was particularly focused. The samples were collected from different private livestock farms, small livestock holders belonging to different villages and civil veterinary hospitals of district Jhelum during period of 3 months. A total 150 calves up to 6 months of age with signs of diarrhea were examined. Fresh faecal and blood samples were collected. Faecal samples were cultured on McConkey and on S-S agar for isolation of bacteria. These colonies were identified by using API 20 E Kit.
Total number of 50 calves found positive out of 150 calves. Prevalence of salmonella and E. coli was 18.6% and 14.6% respectively. Occurrences of diarrheal disease due to various risk factors like age, sex were recorded for determining these risk factors. Total positive samples of male were 18 and total female positive samples were 32 with prevalence rate of 12% and 21% respectively. Cattle positive sample found in the study were 31 and buffalo positive sample were 19 with 21% and 12% prevalence for cattle and buffalo. Calves were divided into three different age groups of 1-30 days, 31-90 days, 91-180 days of age. The number of positive samples for male and female in these three different age groups were also noted. The prevalence of bacteria in these three groups of cattle and buffalo were also considered in this study. Blood parameters values of total leukocyte, hemoglobin erythrocyte sedimentation rate, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were also compared between cattle and buffalo and also in total calves of different age groups. The effect of environmental influences; rainfall, temperature on infectious calf diarrhea was also observed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1233,T] (1).
2.
Clinico- Pathological Studies Of Ascites In Broiler Chickens
by Hafiz Muhammad Anwar- ul- Haq | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. M. Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This study was carried out on total of 310 samples. Out of these samples, 200 were the blood samples (100 from the diseased birds and 100 from the apparently healthy birds), second were the tissue samples of liver which were 80 in number (50 from the ascitic birds and 30 from the apparently healthy birds). Then 20 were the water samples (10 from the source of water production and remaining 10 were from the drinking levels of the birds) and 10 feed samples. Samples were collected from randomly selected ten (10) broiler poultry farms in the district Gujranwala having the problem of ascites. The study was completed in four parts. In first part, serum biochemical parameters of liver were studied. The included parameters were total serum proteins, albumins, globulins, A/G ratio and SGPT. In second part of project, mineral profiles of serum concentrations were studied. Then in third part of the study, the collected, feed and water samples were analyzed for their dietary mineral levels. Sodium, potassium and chloride were the minerals, selected for study. Studies of the mineral profiles of feed and water samples were conducted at the Department of Nutrition, U.V.A.S. Lahore. Then the correlation was studied between the dietary mineral levels present in the feed and water, to the mineral levels exhibiting in the serum samples. On the basis of mineral levels present in the feed, water and serum samples, it was concluded that the Na and chloride may contribute to the development of ascities as the results were significant (P>0.05) but the role of K in this regard was not seemed to be significant (P<0.05) thus it may not has any significant contribution in the development of ascites syndrome. In fourth and last part of study, histopathology of the tissue samples was conducted. In this part of study, the tissue samples, collected from liver of ascitic birds and apparently healthy birds were subjected to histopathology and microscopic examination for significant changes. Histopathological studies showed that the hepatic degeneration, hepatic necrosis and fibrosis of the hepatic capsule were the common findings in the diseased group. The study elucidated the marked decrease of serum proteins including the total serum proteins and albumin while it was observed that the ascites syndrome has no significant effect on the enzyme assays of the liver.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1326,T] (1).
3.
Comparative Effect Of Cidr Based Estrus Synchronization Protocol With Or Without Gnrh In Non-Descript Cows During Low Breeding Season
by Muhammad Bilal (2008-VA-152) | Prof. Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Muhammad Anwar | Dr. Muhammad Rizwan Yousuf | Dr. Muhammad Lateef.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: The livestock sector occupies a peculiar position in the national plan of economic development in Pakistan. It subscribed approximately 55.9 percent to the agricultural value added and 11.8 percent to national GDP with a growth rate of 2.7 % in 2013-14 (Anonymous 2014). Dairying has become an important subsidiary source of income for thousands of rural families with an important role in generating earning opportunity. In Pakistan dairy sector is developing and commercializing at a rapid pace to meet increasing requirement of milk and other dairy products (Dongre et al. 2011).
Pakistan owns renowned breeds of dairy buffaloes (Nili-Ravi and Kundi) and cattle (Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Thari and many others). Cattle in Pakistan belong to genus Bos indicus. According to the latest livestock census (Anonymous 2006), out of 29.6 million cattle, 46% (13.6 million) have been described as non-descript. Non-descript cattle do not fall in any defined breeds of cattle. Milk production of non-descript cows is < 1000 lit per lactation in mountains area of NWEP pakistan (Khan and Usmani 2005). As non-descript breeds make up the largest group of cattle in Pakistan, there is a dire need to work on genetic improvement of these animals. Artificial insemination, the best tool for genetic up-gradation in dairy cattle is applied only in 11.1% cows in Pakistan (Anonymous 2006). The main hindrances are small sized scattered herds and lack of experienced technical manpower in the field. Estrus synchronization of a large number of animals and timed insemination can be used to overcome these hindrances .The technique may also help in
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reducing a prolonged calving interval and postpartum anestrus and seasonality of breeding in these animals (Zafar et al. 2008).
Estrus synchronization widely practiced in temperate dairy cattle in developed countries (Hansen and Arechiga 1999). Before launching a large scale estrus synchronization program in non-descript cattle, there is a need to assess the efficacy of various synchronization protocols in terms of estrus incidence, intensity and conception rate. Additionaly, distinct differences have also been reported between Bos taurus and Bos indicus in terms of estrus duration and intensity of expression of estrus sign (Mattoni and Ouedraogo 2000). The low estrus intensity and less duration of estrus signs of Bos Indicus are due to smaller diameter of follicle as compared to that of Bos Taurus (Bo et al. 2003).
Developing successful methods for synchronizing estrus and ovulation in cattle has been a major research interest. Ultimately, the goal has been to achieve precise synchronization of ovulation so that cattle can be inseminated without regard to estrus detection. One method to increase conception rates is to use hormonal treatments in zebu breeds for synchronizing ovulation and for timed artificial insemination (TAI). Hormonal programs for synchronizing ovulation to control the follicular and luteal phases and estrus behavior have been used in Bos taurus cows and heifers(Castellanos et al. 1997), and Bos Indicus cows (Pinheiro et al. 1998).
The intensity and duration of estrus behaviors during the estrous cycle is highly variable among individuals. More commonly animals are diagnosed to be in estrus based on the mounting or standing to be mounted, appearance of mucus discharge, and other physical activities (Van Eerdenburg et al. 2002). Scoring system were established on the basis of observed estrus signs and most of them have taken mounting and standing to be
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mounted behavior as the most reliable signs to predict ovulation time in Bos taurus cows (Roelofs et al. 2005). However, it is now well acknowledged that the expression of estrus behavior change with breed of cows (Naidu and Babu Rao 2006).
Fertility is an important parameter to assess the efficacy of estrus synchronization. Bos indicus cows after treatment with CIDR conception rate in adult cows 40% and in heifers 20% (Singh et al. 2006). CIDR may have ability to overcome the problems in field condition and increasing the reproductive efficiency by minimize the hindrance anestrus postpartum cows. In Pakistan research work have been done to evaluate the efficacy of CIDR for conception rate in indigenous cattle. Until now no study conducted on non- descript cattle. Therefore, it is hypothesized that CIDR+GnRH can provide better in vivo fertility compared to CIDR. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2248-T] (1).
4.
Tareekh ul Ambya
by Maolvi Muhammad Anwar.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Nigarshaat; 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297.63 Anwar 16938 1st 2004 Islam] (1).
5.
Karamat e Uliaya
by Muhammad Anwar Maamon.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Adara e Ishayat e Islamia; 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297.1 Anwar 31986 1st 2007 Islam] (1).
6.
Karamat-e-Oliya / 1st ed.
by Muhammad Anwar Meman.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Karachi: 2007Availability: No items available
7.
Quaide-e-Azam jinnah: A Selected Bibliography
by Muhammad Anwar.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Karachi: National Publishing House; 1969Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: OldBook Anwar 9604 1969 History] (1).
8.
Quaid-e-Azam Jinnah: A Selected Bibliography
by Muhammad Anwar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1969Availability: Items available for reference: Old Books [Call number: 016.95490 History 9469] (1).
