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Bio-Conversion of Molasses to Phytase Through Solid State Fermentation With Aspergillus Niger

by Faseeha Nasim (2012-VA-633) | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Ms. Faiza Masood | Prof. Dr. Saima.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: CD Corrupt. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2484-T] (1).

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Extraction, Purificaton And Characterization Of Proteolytic Enzyme From Fig (Ficus Carica)/ Karachi

by Haseeb Akram Sindhu | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Aftab | Ms. Faiza Masood.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Today, the enzymes are generally used in various industrial applications and require for more stable, highly active and specific enzymes are growing rapidly. Global market for industrial enzymes is reported to be €1 billion in 1995 (Godfrey and West, 1996) whereas, it was increased to $2.3 billion in 2007 and was expected to increase to over $2.7 billion by 2012. In this piece of research work, purification and characterization of papain (a proteolytic enzyme) from Kachri (Cucumis trigonus) and Ficus (Ficus carica) were carried out. Extraction of papain was done using 0.1M alkaline phosphate buffer of pH 8.00, 70% ethanol and dist.water. Purification of papain was carried out by Ammonium Sulphate precipitation and dialysis followed by Gel filtration by Sephadex G-50. Then characterization of papain such as protein estimation, determination of proteolytic activity (international Unit) of enzyme and SDS-PAGE analysis were performed to determined molecular weight. Finally, the yield and proteolytic activity of papain was measured and compared with the commercial product available in the market. Crude preparation of enzyme has a wide specificity due to the presence of various proteinase and peptidase isozymes. The performance of the enzyme depends on the plant source, the climatic conditions for growth, and the methods used in its extraction and purification, for example, if the fruit is healthy, then enzyme found is more active. Papain is used in many industries such as breweries, pharmaceuticals, food, leather, cosmatics, detergents, meat and fish processing for a variety of processes. Therefore, the end use segments are many in signifying that papain has high export demand (Ezekiel and Florence, 2012). Outcomes In case, Kachri and Ficus contain high concentration of proteolytic enzyme. These enzymes being present in natural fruit were free from any toxic effect. Hence can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Statistical analysis Student's t-Test was used for comparing the means of two samples Kachri (Cucumis trigonus) and Ficus (Ficus carica). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1722,T] (1).

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