1.
Incidence And Chemotherapy Of Ecto-Parasites Of Cattle, Sheep, Goats And Poultry In Northern Areas
by Wazir Farman Ali | Prof. Alataf Hussain | Mubbashar Saeed Mian | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: The various species of ecto-parasites viz; ticks, lice, mites and warbles parasitizing cattle, sheep, goats and poultry in Northern Areas of Pakistan were recorded.
From cattle, Hyalomma aegyotium, hyalomma anatolicum, anatolicum Boophilus microplus, and hypoderma lineatum were recorded. Haematopinus eurysternus recorded from sheep and goats.
In sheep hyalomma aegyptium and melophagus ovinus were recorded. From goats hyalomma aegyptium and Hypoderma lineatum were recorded. Whereas, from poultry the ecto-parasites viz; Argas persicus recorded.
Out of the 100 cattle examined, 68 was found to be infested with one or more species of ecto-parasites, 32 were found to be infested with one or more species of ecto-parasites, 32 were found to be infested with ticks, 20 with lice and only two with larvae of warble flies. Similarly of the 100 sheep examined,only 16 were found to be infested with ticks and 13 with lice. Likewise, of the 100 goats examined, only 10 were found to be infested with ticks and 3 warbles. While out of the 100 birds examined, 20 were found to be infested with one or more types of the ecto-parasites, for instance 10 were found to be infested with ticks.
For the control of cattle ticks gammexane, tetmosol, ascabiol, gamatox, asuntol and neguvon were 86.10, 79.56, 61.73, 58.16, 52.33 percent effective after 24 hours and 100.0, 100.0, 52.04, 58.37, 77.00 and 68.69% effective after 30 days of the application of insecticides. For the control of sheep and goats ticks, the afore-mentioned insecticides. In the same order were 77.20, 82.23, 52.03, 68.17, 78.40 &57.26 percent effective after 24 hours at 100.0, 100.0, 36.90, 17.80, 43.53 and 15.66 percent effective after 30 days respectively after the application of the insecticides.
While on the poultry, the same insecticides were 76.96, 65.20, 54.63, 82.33, 85.06, 78.86 percent after 24 hours and 100.00, 100.00, 22.27, 36.60, 42.14 and 63.67 percent effective after 30 days respectively after the application of the insecticides.
For the control of lice on cattle 91.86,89.90,79.70,86.26,87.06,93.56 percent effective after 24 hours and 100.00, 10.0,75.70,85.57,93.24 and 85.67 percent effective after 30 days respectively after application of the insecticides.
The insecticides, Gammexane, Tetmosol, Asuntol and Neguvon were 88.00, 84.76, 96.26, 97.13 percent effective after 7th days and 78.73, 80.25, 100.00 and 100.0 percent effective after 30 days respectively after the application of the insecticides.
For the effective control of ecto-parasites, the use of Gammexane, Tetmosol, Neguvon and Asuntol for the control of ticks mites and warbles in the animals is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0005,T] (1).
2.
Effects Of Addition Of Vitamin A And K On Anticoccidial Activity Of Esb3 In Broilers Chicks
by Ghazala Nawaz | Mubbasher Saeed mian | Muhammed | Muhammed Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0025,T] (1).
3.
Application Of Indirect Haemagglutination (Iha) Test For The Confirmation Of Natural Hydatidosis In Cattle
by Ramiz Hussain Farooqui | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Tufail Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0026,T] (1).
4.
Survey Of Sheep Trematodes In Lahore Abattoirs
by Majid, A | Altaf Hussain | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Tufail khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0028,T] (1).
5.
Studies On The Blood Protozoan Parasites Of Poultry In Lahore
by Iqbal Qureshi, M | Altaf Hussain | M.T Khan | Z.D Mian | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0031,T] (1).
6.
Chemotherapy Of Coccidiosis In Naturally Infected Sheep
by Ashraf, M | Mubasher Saeed | Altaf Hussain Sheikh | Haji Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0033,T] (1).
7.
Identification Of Various Species Of Genus Eimeria In Naturally Infected Buffaloes And Cattle In Lahore
by Ghulam Murtaza | Muhammed Afzal | Mubasher Saeed Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0035,T] (1).
8.
Identification And Pathology Of Lungworms Of Sheep
by Tahir Basra, M | Mubashir Saleem Mian | Asif Rabani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0085,T] (1).
9.
Effects Of Natural Haemonchosis On Various Blood Parameters In Sheep
by Sher Muhammad | Mubashar Saeed Mian | Muhammed Afzal | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0097,T] (1).
10.
Taxonomical Study On Prevalent Ectoparasites & The Effect Of Tick Infestation On Various Blood Parameters
by Nisar Ahmad | Asif Rabbani | M.Sarwer khan | Muhammed Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A study was conducted to see the prevalence and to identify the species of ectoparasites (Ticks, mites, fleas, lice) in dogs.
Samples were collected from College of Veterinary Sciences and different pet clinics in the city. Specimens were collected and then transferred into the glass bottles containing 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, alcohol for preservation.
The specimens were examined and identified in the laboratory.
The species of ectoparasites identified were: Rhipicephalus anguineus (tick), Sarcoptes scabiel Var canis (mite), Ctenocephalides Canis (flea) Trichodectes anis (lice).
The percentage of the above mentioned species were: 39.3%, 11.1%, 2.1% and 2.1% respectively.
Haematological examination were made to compare the blood picture of healthy and infested dogs. For this purpose 20 blood samples each from healthy and infested dogs were examined. The blood parameters studied were: Haemoglobin level, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, packed cell volume and differential leukocyte count. The results of haemotological examination showed a significant decrease in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, and packed cell volume, whereas a significant rise in leukocyte count and D.L.C. of infested dogs as compared to healthy dogs was observed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0213,T] (1).
11.
Effect Of Anthelmintics (Banminth Ii And Bilverm) With Reference To The Economics Of Sheep Production
by Khizer Hayat | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Muhammed Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Sheep occupy an important place in economy of Pakistan as a source of food of high bioligical value and raw products for leather and woolen industries, particularly carpets. Parasitism is a great cause of economic loss to the sheep. The study was conducted to compare the fleece weight and live weight gain in treated versus untreated lambs suffering from nematodes using 90 Thalli sheep lambs in 3 groups keeping one group as infected control and other groups treated with Banminth II and Nilverm respectively. [he efficacy of both the drugs was evaluated on the basis of reduction of eggs per gram of faeces after medication. The egg count was made on Zero, 4th, 24th, 28th, 44th and 48th day. Both the drugs revealed a progressive decrease in the faecal egg counts. The efficacy of Banminth on 0, 4th, 24th, 29th, 44th and 48th was 20%, 97.33%., 99.73%., 99.93%. and 100%. Nilverm was 25%., 98.43%., 99.81%, 99.97% and 100%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the drugs. The increase in live weight gain in treated groups as compared to control was 30.72% and 42.48% in Banminth II and Nilverm respectively. Statistical analysis of the data confirmed that weight gain in Banminth II and Nilverm was significant than that of control however the weight gain was non significant between both the treated groups.
Fleece weight gain was 20% and 20.83% more in Banminth II and Nilverm treated groups as compared respectively. The quality of wool did not showed any significant difference between the three three groups except a significant increase in wool staple length s compared to control group.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0222,T] (1).
12.
Effects Of Natural Dicrocoeliasis On Different Blood Parameters & Serum Bilirubin Level In Sheep
by Alia Bano | Mubasher saeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0235,T] (1).
13.
A Study Of The Taxonomy & Bionomics Of Genus Haemaphysalis In Domestic Animals
by Haroon, Durrani | MubasherSaeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Ticks transmit diseases like piroplasmosis, theileria3is and anaplasmosis in livestock. They are responsible for great economic losses in terms of general unthriftiness, loss of condition and also damage to hides and skins. Pakistan being a tropical country provides optimal conditions for growth and multiplication of ticks. Despite this abundance in prevalence little systematic work was done to investigate the prevalence, taxonony and bionomics of species of genus Haemaplxysalis.
During this study numerous ticks from sheep, goat, cattle and buffaloes each were collected from Lahore and Sheikhupura districts. One species of genus Haemaphysalis i.e. Haemaphysalis brunati was recorded. Other species of same genus did not occur in these districts. This species was recorded from Lahore only. The percent incidence was 5.87%.
During the bionomical study various aspects like seasonal and regional abundance, life cycle, effect of temperature and humidity were studied. It was concluded that in one year three generations of Haemaphysalis bnmati occured in Lahore district . The ticks appeared on livestock in Narch and gradually increased during following months and reached its peak level in June. Then the population graph fell, until in last week of September when a minor peak was recorded. Subsequently the infestation receded considerably amongs livestock during October and was lowest in the end of November. No incidences were recorded from early December through late February.
During the morphological studies of Haemapltysalis brunati measurements of various parts of body were recorded and it was noticed that the measuremeni vary slightly in the species occuring in Lahore
The breeding habits and life cycle of Haemaphysalis brunati were studied under natural conditions and it was observed that the ticks mostly started depositing egg 19 days after dropping in spring, 18 days after dropping in summer and 7 days after dropping in autumn.
The oviposition period under natural conditions was found to be 12 days in spring, 11 days in summer and 11 days in autumn.
The average number of eggs laid by a single female tick in different seasons was not constant. In spring season average number of eggs deposited by single female tick was 3819 in summer 2786 and in autumn 2514. The eggs were oval in shape and measured 0.470 x 0.420 mm in size and weighed 0.041 mg on average. The incubation period of ova was found to vary in different seasons. In spring it was 20 days, 16 days in summer and 15 days in autumn.
The larvae survived without food and water for 56 days in spring. The larvae fully engorged in 9 days during spring, 7 days in summer and 6 days in autumn. The weight of unfed larvae was found to be 0.375 mg. and engorged larvae from 0.166 nlg. The total amount of blood sucked was estimated to be 0.129 mg. The fully engorged larvae moulted in 16 days during spring, II days during summer and 10 days during autumn. The newly moulted unfed txymph lived for 65 days in spring. The nymph engorged in 7 days during spring, in 6 days during summer and autumn. The weight of unfed nymph was found to be 0.114 mg and that of. engorged nymph was found to be 1.094 mg. The nymph moulted in 17 days during spring and in 9 days during summer and autumn.
The newly moulted female engorged within 9 days in spring, 8 days in summer and 4 days in autumn. The weight of unfed female was 1.695 mg and of engorged female 210.0 mg. The amount of blood sucked by a single female tick was estimated to be 208.36 mg. Amount of blood sucked by a single female during her entire life span was found to be 221.549 mg.
Influence of temperature and humidity on rate of development of Haemapbysalis brunati on preoviposition period, oviposition period, number of eggs laid, incubation period and peientage of hatchability were studied and it was observed that constant temperature and varying humidities had no significant effect on the said parameters whereas constant humidity and varying temperatures had a significant effect on the rate of development, preoviposition period, oviposition period, number of eggs laid, incubation period and percentage of hatchahility.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0245,T] (1).
14.
Haematological Studies, Serum Bilirubin Determination, Chemotherapy And Incidence Of Fascioliasis In Naturally Infected Sheep
by Ajaz Saleem, M | Mubasher saeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Iqbal ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: A study was conducted to find out the haematological changes, serum bilirubin level, relative efficacy of the three drugs, i.e., Coriban (Wellcome), Bilevon-M (Bayer) and Acedist (Ciba) and incidence of fascioliasis in naturally infected sheep. The study was made from the first week of January to the last week of March, 1985.
Haematological changes were observed after examining the Total Erythrocyte Count, Total Leucocyte Count, Differential Leucocyte Count, Packed Cell Volume and haemoglobin estimation of 80 naturally infected and 20 healthy sheep in Lahore. It was concluded that there was a drop in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration in the infected sheep and a normocytic normochromic type of anemia was detected. Besides this, it was also noticed and recorded that there was a rise in the total serum bilirubin level of the same 80 infected sheep which were naturally infected with fascioliasis were divided into four groups A, B, C and D of 20 animals each for the study of the efficacy of three antifascioliatic drugs (Coriban, Bilevon-M and Acedist) at manufacturer's recommended dose rates afterwards. Each group was given a separate drug on the Zero day and the fourth group (D Group) was left untreated as a Control At the end of experiment on the 28th day, the efficacies recorded were 98.86%, 97.67% and 97.70% for Coriban, Bilevon-M and Acedist respectively. Statistically there was no significant difference between the three drugs but a significant difference between the replications was noted by applying analysis of variance. An increase in the daily average weight gain of 48.21, 35.71 and 39.28 grams were recorded in A, B and C groups respectively and by applying paired 't' test it was proved that there was a significant difference between the weight gains of the animals treated with these drugs.
100 livers along with gall bladders were randomly selected from different abbatoirs of Lahore during the months of January, February and March to study the incidence of fascioliasis in sheep. An incidence of 8% was recorded for Fasciola hepatica and 4% for Fasciola gigantica, with an overall percentage of 12. for fascioliasis in sheep.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0258,T] (1).
15.
Study On Incidence And Chemotherapy Of Gestode Infection In Dogs At Lahore
by Faizan Baig, Mirza | Mubashir Saeed Khan | Asif Rabbani | Tufail Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0263,T] (1).
16.
Epidemiological Studies On Trematodes Infestation In Buffaloes In District Gujrat
by Irshad Hussain Bhatti, Ch | Khalid Saeed | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The study was designed to find out the prevalence and intensity of treinatodes infestation in Buffaloes in Distt. Gujrat. For this purpose twenty villages out of 1516 were randomly selected. The study period was from January to May, 1991. The data were based on:
1. Informations obtained from nine Veterinary Hospitals regarding trematodal treated buffaloes.
2. Information obtained from buffaloes owners by interogations regarding trematodes infestations in buffaloes in the selected area.
3. Findings of five hundred buffaloes faecal samples from twenty villages.
4. In order to record the actual trematodal infestations, two hundred stomach and livers alongwith their bile-ducts were inspected in three abattoirs in District Gujrat.
Data collected from Veterinary Hospitals indicated that 1252 (19.39%) out of 6554 buffaloes were positive for treinatode infection.
Informations collected from owners of the buffaloes of twenty villages showed that 133 (17.52%) out of 746 young buffaloes and 689 (21.92%) out of 3143 adult buffaloes were effected with trematodes.
Five hundred faecal samples were tested by fresh smear and sedimentation method from twenty villages and found that 144 (28.8%) buffaloes were suffering from trematodes in District Gujrat.
In order to determine the intensity of fluke disease in the infected animals, quantitative faecal examination was done and it ranged from 30 - 87.6 epg indicating that the disease is likely to be pathogenic.
Overall incidence of trematodes recorded in slaughtered buffaloes was 76.5%.
It was concluded from the findings of the study that treinatodal infestation in buffaloes in District Gujrat are quite prevalent necessitating to adopt appropriate measures to control these infestations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0340,T] (1).
17.
Taxonomic And Therapeutic Studies Of Natural And Experimental Coccidiosis In Commercial Quails
by Azhar Iqbal | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed | Muhammed Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Taxonomic arid therapeutic studies of natural and experimental coccidiosis in commercial quails were undertaken. Total 500 gut samples were examined microscopically to study the incidence of cocoidiosis, which was recorded as 69%. By making taxonoinical study based on size, morphological characteristics, sporulfttion, time and post-mortem lesions it was concluded that the causal coocidia was L bateri. Average size of the oocyst recorded was 21.42 u x 14.28 u while sporulation time recorded was 24 hours at 27°C. The cocysts were double walled and 1.2 u in thickness. Oocysts production per grain of faeces in natural infection ranged between 31-350 oocysts. While average number of oocysts per gram of faeces recorded was 220.
To study effects of ESB3 and Darvisul AK plus on experimental infection one hundred and sixty day old quail chicks were reared upto 3 weeks of age in coccidia free environment. They were then randomly divided into four groups A, B, C and D. Comprising of 40 birds each these groups were sub-divided into four replicates each comprising of 10 birds. Birds of group B, C and D were infected with ml of coccidial inoculum having 50,000 sporulated oocysts given directly into crop. On fourth day post infection birds of' all infected groups showed disease symptoms and at that time groups C and 0 were treated with darvisul AK plus and ESB3 respectively while group B was kept as infected and un-medicated group. At the end of experimental period in 6th week maximum weight was gained by group "A" and minimum by group "B" Group 0 which was treated with ESB3 gained less weight than group C which was treated with Darvisul AK plus.
Best feed conversion ratio was seen in group A and among the medicated groups group 0 revealed better feed conversion ratio than group C, while group B showed the worst feed conversion ratio.
Highest mortality of 40% was recorded in group B, 10% in group C and least in group D i.e. 2.5%.
From the findings of the study it was concluded that our commercial quail is suffering from coccidiosis caused by E. bateri and ESB3 is an affective remedy for this disease. However it is suggested that more work to elucidate the effects of ESB3 with additional vitamins A and K be carried out.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0343,T] (1).
18.
Serodiagnosis Of Ovine Hydatidosis
by Javaid, M | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A study was under taken to find out the incidence of hydatidosis and to evaluate the efficacy of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test for the confirmation of natural hydatidosis in sheep slaughtered at Lahore municipal abattoir.
Blood samples from 200 sheep (50 each from hydatidosis affected and free sheep on the basis of postmortem findings and 100 blood samples Elected randomly without considering postmortem finding). The serum from each sample was separated, properly labelled and stored at -20°C.
For the preparation of antigen, crude cyst fluid was aspirated aseptically from hydatid cysts. Blood from healthy sheep was collected in 3.8% sodium citrate solution and red blood cells were separated by centrifugation. A 2.5% red cell suspension was prepared in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). The sheep erythrocytes were sensitized by Hydatid fluid antigen. Optimal dilution of antigen 1:16 was used in Phosphate Buffered Saline (p11 6.4) for sensitizing the sheep erythrocytes. All the sera were inactivated at 56°C for half an hour and serial two f1d serum dilutions were prepared by micropipettes in microtitre U plates and sensitized erythrocytes were added to the plates and incubated at room temperature in a humid chamber for 3 hours. A titre of 1:32 and above was considered as positive. In positive reactions, the cells agglutinated like a carpet at the bottom of the wells where as in negative cases the cells settled as a compact mass in the centre of the wells. By the indirect haemagglutination test Ninety-two percent sheep were found positive for hydatidosis. (Table-4.2). Out of 50 serum samples (Group A2), 46 (92%) were confirmed positive on postmortem while 3 out of 50 (6%) hydatid free samples (Group A3), gave false positive results with IHA test.
It was concluded that indirect haemagglutination test is an accurate, reliable and sensitive test (92%) for the diagnosis of hydatidosis in sheep.
The blood cell counts (TLC, DLC) and blood chemistry (Total protein, A/G ratio) of the samples under investigation were also carried out. From the results it was evident that the hydatid cysts did not affect the blood values of the host significantly. However, only 28% of hydatid positive animals showed eosinophilia ranging from 7 to 23% which was non pathognomonic.
It was thus inferred that blood cell counts and blood c1vmistry of the hydatid cyst patients was of no diagnostic value.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0359,T] (1).
19.
The Host Reaction To Experimentally Induced Eimeria Infections In Broilers Chicks
by Ata ur Rehman Awan | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Mohammad | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The experiment was designed to study the host reaction to the experimentally induced Eimeria species in broiler chicks. For this purpose two hundred and twenty, one-day-old chicks were reared. At the age of day 3, they were divided randomly in four groups each comprising of 55 birds. They were named as A, B, C and D. The group A was kept as un-infected control, while group B, C and D, at the age of day 3, received a primary dose of 1000 virulent sporulated oocysts, through oral, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes respectively. The challenge doses of 50,000 virulent sporulated oocysts each were adminigtered to the members of each group B, C and D on days 13, 28 and 43 of age.
The OPG counts in group A remained nil throughout the experiment the maximum OPG counts 65,500 were recorded in group B by the day 21. On the same day OPG counts of group C and D were also on the peak found to be 40,500 and 54,500 respectively. Three mortalities occurred in group B, 4 in C and 6 in group D. Similarly the maximum weight was attained by the members of group A (Control) i.e. 1750 gm, secondly by group B (oral) i.e. 1530 gm, thirdly group D (S/C) i.e. 1410 gm and fourthly group C (I/P) i.e. 1280gm. The difference in B was of 220gm, in C 470 gm, and in D 340 gm lesser as compared to group A.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0404,T] (1).
20.
A Comparative Study Of Helminth And Haemoparasites Of Domestic And Wild Pigeons
by Asma Hussain | Dr. Mubashir Saeed Mian | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: There is an increasing interest in pigeons and other game and ornamental birds. These birds are generally kept either free roaming or confined in outdoor pens and hence are vulnerable to various parasitic infectious, which greatly effects the productivity of these birds.
The meat production of the pigeons can be improved by controlling disease problems particularly helrninths and blood protozoan infections, so that in near future they may contribute towards narrowing down the animal protein supply gap by substituting poultry meat with squabs.
The present work was planned for the comparative study of helminths and heemoparasites of domestic and wild pigeons. For this purpose 300 each of guts and blood smears were studied. The overall incidence of gastrointestinal helminths and blood protozoans was 77.33% and 31.99% respectively, while 36% of birds had mixed infection. The incidence of gastro-intestinal helminths and blood protozoa in wild pigeons was 89.33 and 20.66 percent respectively and in domestic pigeons it was 65.33% and 11.33% respectively. Whereas mixed infections were 22% and 14% respectively.
The following species of helmitiths and blood protozoa were recorded and identified.
1. Raillietina tetragona
2. Raillietiiia cesticillus
3. Choanolaenia infundibulum
4. Ascaridia colurnbae and
5. Cap illaria obgnata
The two species of blood protozoa recovered were:
1. Aegypanella pullorum and
2. Haeiçotuscumbae
Among the helrninths recorded, cestodes were found predominating as compared with nernatodes in both wild and domestic pigeons. Raillietina cesticillus was the most common cestode species in both Wild and domestic pigeons i.e. 51 and 33 percent respectively while Asci colurnbae predominated the nernatode species i.e. 18 and 15 percent respectively. The Incidence was higher in wild pigeons.
Aegyptianella pullorum was more common blood protozoan i.e. 22 and 11 percent respectively in wild and domestic pigeons. The incidence of Haemoproteus clumbae was 9 and 11 percent respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0410,T] (1).
21.
The Effects Of Piroplasmosis On Hematology In Equines
by Salva | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Shakeel | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Piroplasmosis is a serious disease of the domestic animals including horses. It is caused by species of the genus Babesia i.e. . egui and B. caballi resulting in death due to excessive loss of blood. The present study was conducted to find out the effect of natural Piroplasmosis on various blood parameters, viz, total erythrocytes count (TEC), hemoglobin estimation (Jib), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocytes count (TLC) and differential leukocytes count (DLC) in horses.
A total of forty horses (Group A including 20 uninfected horses and Group B included 20 horses showing clinical symptoms of the disease and confirmed positive for piroplasmosis through blood examination were used in the study and found to cause the infection although . caballi infection was more predominant.
Heamatological examination revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level and packed cell volume of the infected horses.
Normocytic and hypochromic type of anemia was observed. Total leukocyte count was also decreased. A decrease in the number of rieutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes was also observed in the infected horses.
Out of the 20 infected horses, 4 had B. equi and sixteen had B. caballi infection indicating that . caballi was more prevalent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0432,T] (1).
22.
A Study On The Epidemiological Aspects Of Fascioliasis In Buffaloes In Lahore District
by Rabbia Sahar | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Haji Ahmed Hashmi | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The study was designed to find the prevalence and intensity of liver fluke infection in buffaloes in Lahore District. The study period was from April 1995 to July 1995. The data was based on:
Data collected from four Veterinary Hospitals in Lahore District namely, Herbenspura, R.A. Bazar, Shamkey Bhattian and Rukh Chandra indicated that during the study period from 1 April, 1995 to 31 July, 1995, a total of 2184 buffaloes were treated for different diseases in these hospitals. Based on history, clinical symptoms and response to treatment 229 (10.48%) buffaloes were positive for fascioliasis.
Information collected from Municipal Corporation, Lahore abattoirs regarding economical losses revealed that one hundred eight million rupees were lost annually due to damage and condemnation of liver fluke infected livers.
Two hundred faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of buffaloes from various localities at Lahore were examined microscopically by fresh smear and sedimentation methods, which revealed that 75 (37.5%) buffaloes were suffering from fascioliasis.
In order to determine the intensity of Fascioliasis in infected animals, quantitative faecal examination was done (and it ranged from 32.6 to 45.6 EPG indicating that the disease is likely to be pathogenic).
Overall liver fluke infection was recorded by examining forty livers along with their bile ducts collected from slaughtered buffaloes and it was found that 16 (40%) had liver fluke infection.
Identification of live flukes from the infected flukes revealed that 8 (50%) had mixed infection of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, 5 (31.25%) had only Fasciola gigantica infection while 3 (18.75%) had only Fasciola hepatica infection.
It was concluded from the above studies that Fascioliasis in buffaloes in Lahore district is quite prevalent, and it needs to adopt appropriate measures to control the infection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0485,T] (1).
23.
The Prevalence & Control Of Natural Infestations Of Ectoparasites & Their Effect On Blood Parameters On Indigenous Birds
by Irfan Mueed, M | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad Afzall | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: A study was conducted to record the incidence and identification of various species of ectoparasites (ticks, lice, mites), and to find out the efficacy of ivermectin against ectoparasites in indigenous poultry. A total of 2000 indigenous birds were examined, during June to August, 1999 and out of these 1035 were found infested with ectoparasites, showing an overall infestation rate of 51.75%.
The infestation rate of ticks, lice, mites and mixed infestation (ticks and lice) was recorded as 6, 16.5, 2.25 and 27 percent, respectively. The species of ectoparasites identified were: Argas persicus (fowl tick), Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, Liveurus caponis, Goniodes gigas (lice) and Cnemidoco1)tes mutans (Scaly Leg Mite).
In order to assess the efficacy of ivermectin (Ivomec) one hundred and fifty naturally infested birds with different species of ectoparasites were selected for treatment trials and divided into three groups i.e. A, Band C, each comprising of 50 birds. The birds of group A and B were the test groups and group C served as control group.
Fifty birds of group A given ivermectin intramuscularly at a dose rate of 200Ji/kg (0.2 mg/kg) body weight and 50 birds were treated with ivermectin orally at the same dose rate of 10 mg/5 gallons of drinking water as for group A. The efficacy of the drug was determined on the basis of negative skin scrapings and absence of other ectoparasites (lice, ticks) from the body of the test group birds as recorded on day zero, 14th and 28 of post-medication of ivermectin. The cure percentage recorded in group A and B on day 28 of the experiment was 94 and, 90 percent in birds treated by intramuscular injection and oral treatment of the drug, resp~ctively.
Haematological examinations were made to compare the blood picture of Infested birds treated with ivermectin and birds infested with ectoparasites and kept as untreated control. For this purpose blood samples from treated and untreated infested birds were examined. Blood parameters studied were: Total erythrocytic count (TEC), Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) Crythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Differential leukocytic count DLC). The results of haemotological examinations showed a significant decrease in erythrocytic count, haejmoglobin, packed cell volume and rise in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and increase in differential leukocytic count of treated birds as compared to infested birds.
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24.
The Prevalence And Taxonomy Of Toxocara Canis Alongwith Associated Haemotological Changes In Naturally
by Chatha, Capt. Muhammad Athar | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.Muhammad Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Toxocariasis is a common disease of carnivores throughout the world and is caused by Toxocara canis.The larvae of the parasite have been identified as the most frequent etiologic agent of Visceral larva migrans, which is primarily a paediatric disease.
In view of the zoonotic importance of the parasite, the present study was conducted to assess the incidence, taxonomy of the species of the genus Toxocara and their effects on various blood parameters of the infected canines.
For above purpose, samples were collected from dog hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, the faecal and blood samples were stored in the refrigerator, of Parasitology Laboratory (C. V. S. Lahore).
Only those dogs which had high prevalence in Toxocara canis were examined by different faecal examination methods and were selected to get mature worms, after killing the dogs. Preservation and clearing of worms were carried out by adopting the prescribed methods. The taxonomy of the species of the genus Toxocara was studied with the help of morphological keys.
The collective over all prevalence of different types of Toxocara canis recorded in stray and pet dogs was 39 5% The species of Toxocara identified in our area were: Toxocara canis, and Toxocara Leonina.
Blood of infected dogs were exposed to various haematological studies including Fib estimation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocyte count (DLC).
Haematological examinations were made to compare the blood picture of healthy and infected dogs. For this purpose , blood samples each from healthy and infected dogs were examined.
The results of haematological examination showed a significant decrease in haemoglobin estimastion, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume Whereas a significant increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count , like neutrophils , eosinophils and very little increase in basophils was also seen.
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25.
Taxonomy & Chemotherapeutic Control Of Prevalent Helminth Species In Indigenous Poultry
by Abid Farid | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to identify the helminth infestations, compare the drug efficacy percentage of I vermectin and Albandazole, effect of chemotherapy on haematology in indigenous poultry.
For this purpose, one hundred and sixty (160) positive birds were purchased from market and backyard farms, divided in four groups A, il, C, and D, kept in experimental rooms of College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore.
Eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces of all the four groups was done at zero day of the experiment which were, 2307, 2000, 2050, 2325, in groups A , B, C, D, respectively. Groups A, Band C, were treated with Ivermectin and Albandazole (using 1% Ivomec Injection and Farbenda 10% solution).
After medication EPG was carried out of all four groups (A, D, C, D) at different days of experiment. The results were as, the EPG at 7th day 825, 667, 700, 2750, at 14th day 100, 250, 325, 3000, on
21st day. It was 70, 155, 237, 3500, and at 28th day the EPG. recorded was 45, 120, 185, 3600 respectively.
At end of the experiment, the drug efficacies were recorded, for group A, "it was 98%. In group B,94%, and for group C, it was 90% while group D, was untreated control.
The taxonomy of the slaughtered birds of group D, was done at the end of the experiment. By collecting GIT, and trachea of all the forty birds of the group D. Identifications were made after making permanent mounts of recovered helminths. Four species of nematodes were recovered from indigenous poul try. Ascaridia galli was the most common species of nematodes recovered from small intestine, while Heterikis gallinae and Subulura brumpti were isolated from the caeca of the birds. Syngamus trachea was the only respiratory tract nematode species which was recovered from trachea of the fowls. The incidence of Ascaridia gglli, Heterikis lZallinae, Subulura brumpti, Syngamus trachea were 57.5, 40, 20 and 2.5 percent respectively.
Six species of Cestode parasites were isolated from the small intesliine of Desi fowl, Raillictina tetragona, Raillictinna costcillus, Raillietina echinobothrida, Cotugnia dignopora, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Amoebotaenia sphenoides and the incidence recorded, 5235, 37.5, 20, 27.5, 22.5 and 2.5 percent, respectively
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26.
Comparative Immune Response Of Anticoccidial Monovalent And Polyvalent Vaccines On Nd Vaccinated Broiler
by Wajiha Maqsood | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhammad Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The study was conducted to estimate the immune response of the three anticoccidial virus vaccines on NDV vaccinated broiler chicks. The vaccines used were, Eirneria tenella vaccine (ETV), Immucox and Coccivac. For this purpose a total of one hundred and five chicks were randomly divided into five groups, namely group A, B, C, D and E on day I Each group consisting of twenty one birds. All the chicks except those in group A, were occulonasally vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus vaccine using Mukteswar strain of virus on day I and 2 1
Chicks in group A were kept as non-i nfectecl, non-vaccinated controls. Group B was non-infected, hut vaccinated with NDV. group C was also vaccinated with Eimeria tenella vaccine on days 3 and 10 of age. Group D was administered with single dose of Immucox on day 5th of age and, group E was administered with Coccivac on day 6111.
After vaccination weekly mean weightgains, mean oocysts per gms of faeces (OPG), and mean feed conversion ratio of chicks in all the groups were recorded. Regular sera samples were also collected from the blood obtained from birds of all the groups, after administration of second dose of NDV on day 21 of age. All the sera samples were analyzed by using Haernagglutination (HA) and Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests.
obtained from birds of all the groups, after administration of second dose of NDV on day 21 of age. All the sea samples were analyzed by using Haemagglutination (HA) and Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests.
It was observed that no coccidiosis could be established in chicks of groups A, B and C. However oocysts were observed in the faecal material of chicks of group D and E after one week of administration of anticoccidial vaccines (immucox and coccivac) respectively. But OPG was gradually increase after second week of vaccination and one bird in group D died due to coccidiosis, OPG count reached to a peak after second week of vaccination and one bird in group D and one in group F died due to coccidiosis.
Mean weight gains per chick on day 1 was 41, 42, 40, 39 and 38 of groups A, B, C, D and F respectively. however the mean body weights were 1746, gms 1848, 1725, 1710 and 1695 gms for chicks in groups A, B, C, D and E respectively at Group B showed significant weight gain as compared to other groups and their difference of weight gain from group B was, 103, 123, 138, and 153 gms of groups A, C, D and F respectively. (P > 0.05).
Feed conversion ratio of groups A. B, C, D and F was 1.85, 1.99, 1 .88, 1.77 and 1.78 respectively at the end of experiment. Group B and C showed the best FCR as compared to other groups of the same age. But statistically the differences were non-signiFicant amongst all the test groups.
Morphometeric analysis of immuno modulatory organs revealed that group B showed highest organ weight and the organ body ratio as compared to other groups of same age at the end of experiment Besides group B, group C also showed the second highest of the organ body weights and the organ body ratios, as compared to other anticoccidial vaccinated groups D and E and among them group C showed the highest of organ weight and organ body ratio.
Antibody analysis revealed that geometric mean titre (GMT) in the chicks of group B (NDV vaccinated control group) showed the highest value (73.3) as compared to other groups of same age at the end of experiment. However group C showed the second highest value (68.6) on 49th day. Where as other anticoccidial vaccinated groups D and E showed their GMT value as 21.1 and 22.6 respectively, and antibody titre of group A (non-infected non vaccinated control group) was zero at the end of experiment.
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27.
Study On The Comparative Efficacy Of Phenothiazine, Levamisole And Ivermetin Against Gastro Intestinal Nematodes In Horses
by Ashfaq Ullah Hashmi | Dr . Nisar Ahmad | Dr . Kamran Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to find out the comparative efficacy of Phenothiazine, levamisole and Ivermectin against GIT nematodes in horses at Lahore. For the purpose one hundred horses irrespective 'of age, breed and sex were exam for the presence of various species of gastro-intestinal nematodes in horses. The coprological examination showed a positive percentage of 64% while 36 cases (36%) were found to be negative. The positive cases had mixed infestation of large and small strongyIids, Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi species. Forty naturally infested horses divided in four groups (A, B, C and D), were selected for the drug trial. The drugs used were Phenothiazine @ 55 mg/kg body weight, levamisole @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight (1 mI/2 kg b.w) Ivermectin @ 0.2 mg/kg body weight to the groups A, B, C and D, while the animals of group D acted as non-medicated control.
The mean EPG count was carried out pre-medication and post medication of the said anthelmintics.
Based upon EPG count, conducted on 3rd, 7th and 14th day for each anthelmintic; it was revealed that the mean EPG count of group A (Phenothiazine) showed 62.99, 82.67 and 95.27% reduction in ova output while the animals of group D (medicated with levamisole exhibited 53, 82 and 93% reduction in the said equines). The group C (medicated with Ivermectin showed reduction ofEPG as 79.83,95.16 and 100% on 3rd, 7th and 14th day post medication).
From the results of this study it is concluded that Ivermectin was the most effective as compared to Phenothiazine and levamisole. Therefore, it is stressed that Ivermectin should be used in equines for the effective control of gastro intestinal nematodes. The drug is quite safe and without any adverse effects on these animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0682,T] (1).
28.
Studies On The Babesia Canis And Ticks Of Dogs
by Abdul Haseeb Khan | Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Khalid Saeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The present study was conducted from September to November, 2000 to find out the prevalence and taxonomy of ticks and Babesia canis of dogs. In addition, their effect on haematological parameters was also studied. To find out the prevalence, 759 dogs were included in the study. The samples were collected from the dogs brought to Dog Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore, Private Veterinary clinics and from different Private Kennels present in and around Lahore.
Out of the total 759 dogs, 205 (27 %) dogs were found positive for single species of ticks i.e. Rhipicephalus sanguineous and 179 (23.5%) dogs were found positive for Babesia canis. Seventy four (9.7%) dogs were infested with only ticks and 48 (6.3%) dogs were found positive for only Babesia canis. Out of total 205 ticks infested dogs, 131 (63.3%) were found positive for Babesia canis.
For haematological study from the total examined dogs 80 (60 infected, 20 healthy) were selected and divided in to four groups A (mixed infection of ticks and Babesia), B (ticks only), C (Babesia only) and D (non-infected). Each group comprising of 20 animals.
The total erythrocytic count were 2.5x106±0.28/,il, 3.2x106±0.21/iil, 3.6x106±0.13/id and 4.9x106±0.18/j.d of group A, B, C and ID respectively. There was significant difference amongst group A, B, and C as compared to the control group-D. A significant difference amongst A-B, A-C was also noted. But no significant difference between group B and C could be recorded.
Hemoglobin estimation in group A was 7.1±0.33 g %, in B was 9.2±0.30 g % and in group C was 9.8±0.30 g %. It was revealed that there was significant decrease in hemoglobin contents as compared to group 'D' which showed 12.01±0.6 g %. There was significant difference between group A-B and A-C, but no significant difference between group B-C (P<0.05) was noted.
The animals belonging to group A, B, C and D had ESR as 40.15±3 mm/hour, 32.25±0.17 mm/hour, 25.2±1.1 mm/hour, and 16.3±1.3 mm/hour respectively. There was significant difference amongst the groups A, B, C as compared to group D. There were also significant difference amongst groups A-B, A-C and B-C (P<0.05). The RBC of the groups A, B, and C were found crenated and macrocytic hypochromic.
The overall results showed that effects of mixed infection of ticks and Babesia on haematology were more adverse as compared to the single infections of ticks or Babesia.
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29.
Biocontrol Of Caecal Coccidiosis In Broilers
by Nadeem Afzal, M | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Nisar Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The present study was designed to estimate the efficacy of two types of monovalent . tenella vaccines i.e. Formalin treated . tenella oocysts for 48 (FEV-48) and/or 96 (FEV-96) hours and irradiated . tenella vaccine. For estimation of the efficacy of the said vaccines, OPG counts weight gain, FCR and mortality records were compared amongst the control and test groups.
A total of 105 day-old broilers were equally divided into 5 different groups namely; A, B, C, D and E on day 3, each group comprising of 21 chicks. NDV vaccine was administered on day land 21 of age of chicks of all the groups. Group A acted as non-infected control, B as infected control, C was vaccinated with FEV-48, D was vaccinated with FEV-96 and E was vaccinated with 1EV on day 3 and 10 of age. Spread of contaminated faeces over the bedding with . tenella oocysts was commenced on day 12 upto day 17 of age of chicks. The OPG counts were conducted on each 4th day from day 18th to 52.
The results indicated that the first observation of OPG counts (day-18) showed heavy infection in all the control (infected) and test groups. In group B, 222200 oocysts were observed on day 18 which gradually reduced to 5300 on day 50 followed by zero on day 52. Group C (FEV-48) showed 131400 OPG counts, which sharply declined on each observation and showed 100 OPG on day 38 followed by '0' afterwards and showing significant differences from the control (P < 0.05). Group D showed gradual decline like infected control upto day 34, but ironically on days 38 and 42, 196.3% and 376.4% increase was noted, respectively as compared to group B, which again declined by day 50 with significant difference. In group E the first observation showed 119460. OPG counts which abruptly declined to 75 on day 38 followed by '0' on day 42. Groups C and E showed comparable results.
Weight gains were almost equal in all the test and control groups by day 14. The difference appeared on third observation between infected control and other groups. At the end of the experiment members of groups A, C, D and E gained 31%, 14%, 11.83% and 10.92% greater weights than group B. The FCR in ranked order was shown as A, C, E, D and B, showing the efficacy of FEV-48. Mortalities occurred in groups B, C, D and E as 4 (19%), 2 (9.5%), 1 (4.76%) and 3 (14.28%), respectively.
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30.
Taxonomy And Prevalence Of Intestinal Parasites Of Sparrows (Passer Domesticus)
by Anjum Mahmood | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Nisar Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and taxonomy of the gastro-intestinal tract helminths in 200 sparrows that were naturally parasitized. In addition, the blood examination was carried out to record the effect of worm infestation on different blood parameters namely Haemoglobin (Hb) estimation, Total leukocyte count (TLC), Packed cell volume (PCV) and Differential leukocyte count (DLC) and these values were compared with the normal values.
Two hundred sparrows purchased from the market were kept in cages in Parasitology Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. The birds were slaughtered at due intervals. Blood was collected and gastro-intestinal tract was searched for the collection and identification of the helminthic species.
The results revealed that out of 200 sparrows, 120 had the worm infestation, showing an overall incidence as 60%. The worms collected were subjected to the taxonomical study which was carried out in the laboratory of PaLrasitology Section.
Two species namely Ascaridia galli (36%) and Heterakis gallinarum (24%) were found inhabiting the small intestine and caeca of the infested birds, respectively. No trematodes and cestodal species were recorded from the GIT of these experimental sparrows. Blood examination revealed slight increase in TLC and Heterophils, while basophils and monocytes were not affected. However, Hb levels, PCV and lymphocytes showed decrease resulting into anaemia and retarded growth of the affected birds versus non-infected ones.
The eggs per gram (EPG) ranged between 200-1000 in case of Ascaridia galli and 400-1000 in Heterakis gallinarum infestation in naturally parasitized sparrows. The main EPG count recorded was 516.666 and 660.41 in case of Ascardia galli and Heterakis gallinarum infestation, respectively.
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31.
Oocyst Production Potential In Experimentally Infected Broiler With Eimeria Tenella
by Khalid Younas, M | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The present study was designed to observe the periodicity of oocyst shedding, the ratio of administered oocysts with the oocysts found in the faeces or intestinal contents of infected birds and effect of artificially induced coccidiosis at different ages on weight gain, FCR, OPG count, mortality and lesion scores. For this purpose 84 day-old chicks were purchased from the market and vaccinated against NDV on day 1 and 21 (Mukteswar strain). The birds were divided into 4 groups i.e. A, B, C and D comprising oC 21 birds each. Group A was kept as non-infected control. Virulent Elmeria en at a dose rate of 50,000 sporulated oocysts/bird was given to group B, C and D on day 15, 25 and 35 of age, respectively.
There was no oocyst excretion in faeces of birds in group A. OPG of faeces in group B was higher than in groups C and 1). rFIe OPO of faeces reached the peak on 6th day post-infection in infected groups, but group D again obtained the peak on 17th day postinfection. The highest caecal oocyst counts were observed in group B than C and 1) groups. It was observed that the recovery of the number of oocysts in purified isolates was 58.74%, 50.05% and 26.87% in B, C and D, respectively as compared to OPG counts. It was also noted that the caecal output of oocyst counts was always lower than the total OPG counts per chick during the period of infection in different groups.
Group A showed the highest weight gain (2155 gms) than the infected groups B (1985 grns), C (1930 gms) and D (1978 grns). Feed conversion ratio in groups A, B, C and D was significantly different showing the values as 1.62, 2.26, 1.89 and 1.82, respectively. Group A being uninfected gave the best FCR followed by the birds in groups D and C. While birds in group B gave the poorest values, it was observed that the weight of faeces per chick was almost equal in groups C (163 gms) and D (166.5 gms), but was significantly lower in B (123.5 gms). However, the highest OPG counts occured in group B and the number of oocysts acquired were the best in this group.
The highest mortality was observed in group B (28%) followed by group D (14%) and group C (10%), while no mortality was recorded in group A.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0734,T] (1).
32.
Comparative Effecacy Of Different Prophylactic Measures Against Cocidiosis In Broilers
by Faisal Masood | Dr. kamran Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Muhamad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was designed to look into the comparative efficacy of different prophylactic measure against coccidiosis in broilers. One hundred and fifty, day old broiler chickens were reared under controlled conditions. They were equally divided into five groups, on day 1, i.e. A, B, C, D and E. Group 'A' was kept as uninfected, unmedicated control whereas all other test groups B, C, D and E were infected with 30,000 sporulated virulent oocysts. Group 'B' acted as infected and unmedicated control at day 20 and 30 of age. Group 'C' acted as infected and treated with Diasul-S at the rate of 1/2 gm/lit of drinking water for 3 days and group 'D' was treated with coxicure A-K at the rate of 1/4 gm/lit drinking water for 3days. The birds of group E received locally prepared Eimeria tenella vaccine (ETV) on day 3 and 10 of age of birds.
No coccidiosis in the birds of group A and E was noted through out the experiment. The oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces in group A and E was nil Members of group 'B' showed the highest counts than any other group. The birds of group 'C' and 'D' showed the moderate counts but towards the completion of experiment, the OPG counts gradually reduced in both groups.
Weekly average weight gain record showed that average weight gain by the birds of group 'A' were the highest as compared with all other groups. The average weight gain of group E showed the second highest weight gains. The members of group 'B' showed the lowest weight gains while the members of groups 'C' and 'D' were ranked as 3rd and 4th in weight gains. The weight gains observed in groups A, C, D and E as compared with groups B were significantly higher (PO.O5) N. P.. In groups 'A', 'C' and 'E' the morbidity was nil. While in groups 'B' 30% morbidity was observed. Group 'D' showed low morbidity and one bird died due to coccidiosis.
The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in groups 'A' and followed by groups 'E', 'C' and 'D'. The feed conversion ratio in groups 'C' and 'D' was equally good. Worst feed conversion ratio was observed in group 'B'.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0740,T] (1).
33.
Imunization Of Rabbits Against Boophilus Microplus Using Midgut And Salivary Glands
by Mohammad Asif | Dr. Khalid Saeed | Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Khushi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The current research was conducted as a simulation model in rabbits for the development of vaccines against cattle ticks Boophilus micro/us using tick salivary glands & midgut as the sources of antigens. The comparative efficacy of these vaccines was evaluated on the basis of antibody titres and tick rejection on the host in terms of mortality, decrease in egg laying and decrease in hatchability of eggs. It was found that the vaccine prepared from the midgut of B. microplus gave better results than the vaccine prepared from salivary glands. The highest percentage of dead ticks was observed in animals which were given midgut vaccine (21.82%). This vaccine also caused a significant decrease in the egg laying capacity of the ticks (35.83%). However, none of the vaccines had any significant effect on the hatchability of eggs laid by the ticks. The highest antibody titers were observed in rabbits injected with midgut vaccine (GMT=5.50), which was 45.28% higher than rabbits given salivary gland vaccine. The overall success rate for midgut vaccine, in terms of tick mortality on host, decrease in egg laying capacity and antibody titer,. was 37.06% for midgut vaccine while only 16.51% for salivary gland vaccine. The results are very encouraging and it is hoped that with the original host i.e. cattle, more satisfactory results can be achieved.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0771,T] (1).
34.
Prevalence Of Toxocariasis In Dogs And Its Treatment With Nigella Sativa Saussurea Lappa And Ivermectin
by Adnan Mushtaq | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0773,T] (1).
35.
Study On Naturtal Quine Strongylosis And Its Control
by Zahida Qadir | Dr.Khalid Saeed | Dr.H.A.Hashmi | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: Two hundred equines of different age, sex and breed were subjected to coprological examination. A total of 65.51% sample were found to be infected with various helminths. Strongyles were the most common parasites and were detected in 58.5% of total faecal samples. The other species identified in this study included P. jprum (2%), Dictyocalus arnifeldi (1.5%), Gafitrodisus aegvuticus (1.5%), Anaplocepha species (1.5%), Strongvloides westeri (1.5%) and Strongyles + Ascaris (1.5%).
The higher infection rate of helminth parasites were observed in spring (78%) and in summer (82%) as compare with autumn (40%) and winter (56%). Highest average EPG of 530 was recorded in summer and lowest EPG of 161 in winter season. Age related susceptibilities indicated a high prevalence of strongylosis in equines of under 10 years of age as compared with horses of more than 10 years of age. A higher egg per gram of the faeces were also recorded in horses of 1-3 years of age (512) as compared with older horses. Males have higher prevalence of helminths (76%) as compared with female (49%). There was no difference in average egg shedding by male (304) and fema1 horses (296).
The anthelmintics efficacy of oxafax, ivomec and farbencja were also evaluated. Forty horses found positive for natural strongyle infection were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group A, B and C were dosed with Oxafax, Ivomec and Farbenda respectively as recommended by manufacturers. Group D acted as non-medicated infected control group. Percent egg reduction test indicated an efficacy of 96%, 98% and 81% for Oxafax, Ivomec and Farbenda, respectively on day 14 (post-medication). An efficacy of 100%, 96% and 86% were observed for Oxafax, Ivomec and Farbenda respectively on day 28, Statistically there was a non-significant difference in the efficacy of Oxafax, Ivomec and Farbendazole on days 14 and 28 post medication (P>O.05). However, these drugs showed a significant reduction in average EPG as compared with control group (P >0.05) on both sampling days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0809,T] (1).
36.
Prevalence And Treatment Of Faciolosis In Buffaloes Under Farm Conditions
by Sarfraz Ahmed | Dr.H.A.Hashmi | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of fasciolosis in buffaloes under farm conditions, efficacy of recently introduced Homeopathic (Trematox) with Allopathic (Zanil, ICI) drug and economic losses in terms of liver damage and decrease in milk production. For this purpose, 500 faecal samples were examined for the presence of liver fluke. The prevalence was observed 15% in buffaloes under farm conditions located in Okara district. For therapeutic purpose, sixty naturally infected and 20 healthy buffaloes were selected and divided into four equal groups i.e. A, B, C and D containing 20 animals each. Anirnals of group-A (healthy animals) were given no medication. Animals of group-B were infected control group. Animals of group-C were treated with Zanil (Oxyclozanide), while animals of group-D were treated with Trematox (A horneopathetic drug).
The therapeutic efficacy of Zanil and Trematox was compared on the basis of pre- and post-medication egg counts. The animals used for this study were naturally infected buffaloes (confirmed by faecal examination). Sixty positive and 20 negative cases were selected for tlie study. rfhe faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of the animals.
Eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and clinical performance were monitored. Faecal samples were examined at zero, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 18th day post-treatment. Animals which remained positive on 18th day were given a second dose of the respective drug on the same day and their faecal samples were further examined on 21st and 28th day.In buffaloes treated with Trematox the efflcacy recorded was 20.45% on 3rd day, 29.54% on 5th day, 40.90% on 7th day, 47.72% on 10th day, 50% on 14th day, 54.54% on 18th dày, 56.81% on 21st day and 61.36% on 28th day.
Buffaloes treated with Zanil showed better results than Trernatox. Decrease in the faecal egg counts was 39.13% on 3rd day, 56.52% on 5th clay, 69.56% on 7th day, 78.26% on 10th day, 82% on14th day, 86.95% on 18th day, 93.47% on 21st day and 95.65% on
28th day as compared to that of zero day.
The economic losses due to liver damage recorded were 21.6 million (Rs.) annually in 600 animals. Wheras economic loss in terms of decrease in milk production in infected animals was recorded as Rs.10,800 annually per animals
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37.
Prevalence Of Parasites Of Zoonotic Importance In Public Parks Of Lahore
by Mahmood Ahmad Tahir | Dr.H.A.Hashmi | Dr.Khalid Saeed | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: To find out the prevalence of parasitic larvae/eggs of zoonotic importance at VaI1OLIS public places, 600 samples (200 canine faeces, 200 lierbage and 200 soil samples) were collected and processed according to the techniques mentioned in the text. Five samples for each material were collected fortnightly from and around five different public parks namely: "lqbal Park, Nasir Bagh, Bagh-e-Jinnah, Gulshan-e-Iqbal and Race Course Park" during the period from 1st September to 31st December, 2002. The impact of meteorological conditions on the prevalence of various parasitic eggs/larvae was studied. Forty nine (24.5%) out of 200 faecal samples were sound to he positive amongst which 11(22.45%) were positive for T. canis. and 34 (69.39%) were positive for A. caninum whereas 4 samples (8.1 %) were found positive for other parasites namely: D. canium, Trichuris vulpis, Teania spp. and Strongyloides sp. Out of 200 soil samples 29 (14.5%) were found positive for parasites amongst which 8 (27.59%) and 19 (65.5%) were positive for T canis and A. Caninum respectively, whereas only 2 (6.90%) were positive for other parasites. Out of 200 herbage samples 69 (34.5%) were positive for parasite eggs/larvae amongst which 22 (31.88%), 42 (60.86%) and 5 (7.26%) were positive for T. canis, A. can/null and other parasites respectively.
Overall contamination of parks including all types of samples was recorded as 24.5%. It was observed that during the period of study (1st September to 31st December, 2002), the contamination of parks was the highest between 1st October to 30th November, 2002 when environmental temperature became optimal (27-30°C) and humidity being 75-76%. Inspite of the fact, rainfall did not occur during the highest prevalence of contamination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0811,T] (1).
38.
Identification And Chemotherapy Of Ectoparasites Of Camels (Camel Us Dromedarius) In Dera Ghazi Khan
by Muhammad Iqbal | Prof. Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Syed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The present project has been designed for identification and chemotherapy of
ecto-parasites of camels (Camelus dromedarius) from different areas of Dera-Ghazi-Khan. For this purpose 300 camels were examined during the period October to November 2004. Out of 300 camels 109(36.3%) were found infested with ecto-parasites. Two types of ectoparasites were found to be active during those days. Sixty three camels were infested with ticks. After collection these ticks were mounted for identification, with the help of their morphological characters. The only tick found to be identified was Hyalomma dromedarii and the tick infestation was found to be 21% in those areas during October-November 2004.
Similarly, 85 suspected camels were examined by skin scraping in the District Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Dera-Ghazi-Khan, for identification of mites 46 camels weie found to be infested with mange mites and the mange mites infestation was 15.3%. The species of mites identified was Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli.
For chemotherapeutic trails 60 positive ecto-parasitic camels were divided into 3 groups i.e. A, B and C, 20 camels in each group. For further procedures these groups were divided into sub-groups i.e. A (Al + A2), B (Bi + B2) and C (Cl + C2) where each sub-group contained 10 animals (camels). Al, Bi and Cl were infested with mites and A2, B2 and C2 with ticks. The group A was treated with Ivermectin (Baymec; Bayer) at dose rate of 1 m1150 kg body weight sub/cut. Similarly the group B was treated with Neguvon (0.15%) solution with spray machine. Where the group C acted as infected, non-medicated control group.
The efficacy of Baymec on 7th day was 75% and on 14th day was 80%. But the efficacy of Neguvon (0.15% solution) on 7th day was 65% and on 14th day was 75%. The camels of group C were not treated and acted as control.
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39.
Prevalence And Schedding Intensity Of Giardia Duodenalis Cysts In Buffaloes
by Khurrum Goraya | Dr. Khalid Saeed | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. M. Sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: A total of 300 faecal samples from buffaloes were collected to determine the prevalence and shedding intensity of G. duodenalis. Information about age, sex, breed and faecal consistency were also recorded.
The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 33.0 per cent (99/300). Prevalence of Giardia was higher (43.0 %) in buffaloes of Group I (<1 year of age) followed by 28.7 and 27.5 per cent in Group 2 (1-3 years of age) and Group 3 (< 3 years of age), respectively. The prevalence of Giardia in buffaloes with normal faeces was 23.3 % (28/120) and in abnormal faeces was 39.4 % (71/180). The prevalence of G. duodenalis in male animals was 25.5 % (15/60) and 35.0 % (84/240) in females
The cysts counted in the faccal samples of buffaloes of Group I (<1 year of age) were 45383 per gram of faeces. Whereas, the cysts counted in the faecal samples of buiThiocs of Group 2 (1-3 years of age) were 28652. Group 3 (<3 years of age) showed 17273 cysts per gram of faeces. Mean shedding intensity of Giardia cysts per gram of normal faeces was 2705 and 43729 in abnormal faeces.
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40.
Comparison Of Different Diagnostic Techniques Against Fasciolosis In Buffaloes
by Muhammad Mutee-us-Salam | Prof. Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Prof. Dr. Zafar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The present study as conducted to find out the most reliable technique for the diagnosis of fasciolosis in buffaloes and to calculate economic losses due to fasciolosis. A total 0 F 1 00 faecal samples were examined by Director Smear, Zinc-sulfate flotation and Sedimentation techniques. Prevalence was 2, 4 and 5 percent respectively. Although they are very cheap and simple techniques but detection of the disease in early stages is not possible. Where as Agar Gel Precipitation technique gave positive results as 8% is laborious technique. But the diagnosis during the early stages is possible. Prevalence of Fasciolosis in Young animals (below 2 years) was found 0% Direct Smear Method. 3.33% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 6.67° by Sedimentation Technique and 6.67% by using Agar Gel Precipitation technique. In Adult (above 2 years) the Prevalence was found 2.85% by Direct Smear Method, 4.28% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 4.28% by Sedimentation technique and 8.57% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. In Males the Prevalence was found 0% by Direct Smear Method. 0% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique, 6.26% by Sedimentation Technique and 6.26% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. In Females the Prevalence was Found 2.38% by Direct Smear Method. 4.76% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 4.76% , by Sedimentation Technique and 8.33% by using Agar ( el Precipitation Technique. In Neeli Ravi the Prevalence was found 2.35% by direct Smear Method. 4.76°/o by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 4.76°/o by Sedimentation technique and 8.23% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. In Kundi the Prevalence was found 0% by direct Smear Method. 0° b Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 6.66% by Sedimentation Technique and 6.66% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. From the results ii appears that AGPT Sedimentation technique, Zinc-sulfate flotation and Direct Smear Method can be ranked as No. I. 2. 3. and 4 respectively in terms of their efficacy. Total economic losses due to fasciolosis during three months (Oct.-Dec.2004) were very high i.e. Rs.1016400.
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41.
Seroprevalence Of Ftoxoplasma Gondii Infection In Sheep And Goats
by Sher Hayat Khan | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Keeping in view the zoonotic importance of Toxoplasmosis the present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats using commercially available kit "Toxopalasmosis Latex" based on the principal of Latex agglutination. . For this purpose 100 blood samples (50 sheep & 50 goats) were collected randomly from slaughter house of Lahore and local sheep & goat forms, the serum was separated and analyzed for anti Toxoplasma antibodies. The animals were divided in three groups, Group I included animals below one year, Group II 1-4 years and Group III included animals aged 4 years and above. The overall 8% and 6% seroprevalence were recorded in sheep and goats respectively. Age titer relationship in sheep showed that Group III had (12.5%), Group 11(7.6 %) and Group I had no positive cases in sheep examined. In goats Group III had (10 %), Group II (5.7%) and no seropositive cases in Group I could be recorded. These results indicate that the infection was higher in older animal than young ones, Breed wise seroprevalence indicated that, Kchhi sheep 14.28%, Desi (non descript) 8.33% and no seropositive case in Lohi and Thali breeds was recorded. In goats Teddy breed had 11.11%, Desi (non descript) 5.55% while no seropositive case in Beetal goats could be recorded.
From the data analyzed it is concluded that although the seroprevalence of T gondii infection in sheep and goats is relatively low in this area as compared to the other parts of the world. Yet adequate management might be useful and essential to further minimize the infection in sheep and goats herds. Consequently, preventive measures could further reduce the exposure of toxoplasmosis in the human population.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0899,T] (1).
42.
Occurrence And Importance Of Enteric Protozoan Infections On Different Sheep Farms In District Swat
by Habib Ali | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of various enteric protozoan infections in sheep. A total of 225 fresh faecal samples were collected from different sheep farms in District Swat N.W.F.P. These animals belonged to three different age groups i.e. Group I (up to 6 months of age), Group II (7-12 months of age) and Group III (above 1 year of age). Faecal samples were processed for the detection of Eimeria spp. oocysts, Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts and other parasites by three different techniques. By Direct smear method, Sheather,s sugar flotation and zinc sulphate flotation technique. A total of faecal samples found positive for Eimeria oocysts 63 (28%), Giardia cysts 35 (15.55%), Cryptosporidium oocysts 16 (7.11%) and mixed parasitic infection 58 (25.77%). Data recorded for various protozoan infections indicated that prevalence rate in Group-I (Eimeria 37.33%, Giardia 22.66% and Cryptosporidium 12%) was higher than the Group-II (Eimeria 28%, Giardia 16% and Cryptosporidium 3%) and Group-III ( Eimeria 18.66%, Giardia 8% and Cryptosporidium 5.33%). Prevalence rate was also higher in diarrhoeic animals (Eimeria 35.71%, Giardia 23.80% and Cryptosporidium 16.66%) than the non diarrhoeic animals (Eimeria 26.22%, Giardia 13.66% and cryptosporidium 4.91%). A large number of faecal samples (25.77%) were found positive for various other parasitic infections. No significant difference was noted in males and females. Results of this study indicated wide spread prevalence of parasitic diseases in sheep population and mostly young animals were found to be infected by different protozoan parasites.
It can be concluded that enteric protozoan infections in sheep can be controlled through improved managemental practices, hygienic measures and avoidance of overcrowding the animals.
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43.
Application Of Different Control Measures Against Argas Persicus
by Qaiser Siddique | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. H.A. Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: To final out the comparative efficacy of different control measures against Argas persicus, In-Vitro and In-Vivo studies were carried out for the in-Vitro studies three thousand soft ticks Argas Persicus at different stages of their development were used in the experiment. The ticks were divided in to 5 groups A, B, C, D and E having 600 ticks in each group. The ticks of each group (600) were further divided in to three replicates having 200 ticks in each. The ticks were maintained in small plastic boxes containing tick rearing medium at a controlled temperature of 25 Co and 60% relative humidity. The 5 treatments are applied with a small (1 liter) hand held sprayer at the rate of 20ml per box 345 cm2 surface area. The first application was made after 24 hours and repeated twice at 48 hours intervals. On day 0,3,5,7 and 10, the ticks were separated from the manure by immersing the manure in water and retrieved the ticks with the help of sieve. The ticks relating to each group were counted and the counts of each group were compared. The reduction in the counts in test groups as compared to control group A indicated the efficacy of the treatment. It was noticed by the comparative mortality of the ticks in the replicates of different groups that in mortality of ticks in Group A occurred as 6.17% in B as 67.67% in C as 70.67% , in D as 100% and in E as 71.83%. The findings of the In Vitro experiment showed that the efficacy of Tiekide was 100% and in ranking order was placed at No. 1 amongst the test groups and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) as compared to B, C and E groups. However the findings of Groups B, C and E were not significant amongst each other (P>0.05). For the In-Vivo studies, the experiment was conducted on a layer farm infested with Argus persicus. A total of 100 layers infested with Argas persicus were reared under experimental conditions on particular farm. One hundred infested birds were divided into 5 groups i.e A,B,C,D and E, each group consisting of 20 birds. The ticks of all members of the groups were counted on day 0,3,5,7 and 10. Group A acted as infested and non treated, B was treated by application of EM1 under the infested wings, C was applied EM5, D was applied Tiekide (Homoeopathic formula) under the wings the medicine was also orally administered @ 2 drops in 1 ml water and members of Group E were applied 1% solution of Ivomec (Ivermectin). The results indicated that the reduction in the mean tick counts was 95.74% in Group D which was placed at No. I, in descending order the mean tick counts reduced by 70.97% in Group E, 68.59% in Group C, 67.63% in Group B and only 1.93% in control Group A. The Tiekide was claimed to be a drug of choice.
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44.
A Study On The Occurrence Of Enteric Protozoa Of Pet Dogs
by Dr. Khalid Qasir | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Asim Khalid | Prof. Dr. H.A. Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: This study was designed to record the occurrence of enteric protozoan parasites of pet dogs. A total of 150 faecal samples of pet dogs of different age, breed and sex were collected. These dogs were equally divided into three age groups i.e. group A (< 6 months of age), group B (> 6 months and < 1 year of age) and group C (> 1 year of age). These faecal samples were examined by direct smear method, Sheather's sugar flotation technique and zinc sulfate flotation technique. Information regarding the clinical status of animals, age, breed and faecal consistency were also recorded. The overall prevalence of enteric protozoan parasites was 35.3 percent. Prevalence of various species belonging to Genera Giardia, Isospora, Cryptosporidium Entamoeba and Balantidium was 18.66, 14.66, 5.33, 1.33 and 1.33 percent. Prevalence of enteric protozoan was higher (44%) in pet dogs of group A, followed by 36.0 and 26.0 percent in group B and group C, respectively. The prevalence of gastro-intestinal protozoan in domestic dogs passing normal faeces was 33.65% and passing abnormal faeces was 39.13%.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0935,T] (1).
45.
Sarcoptic Manage In Dogs And Its Chamotherapy With Herbal And Allopathic Drugs
by Zeeshan Habib | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Syed | Dr. Wasim Shahzad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: It is an established fact that parasitic diseases are one of the principal obstacles in the health of animals. Some of these parasites survive at the expense of the blood of animals, thus causing irritation, anemia and consequently leading to weakness and debility. Some of the parasites are zoonotic in nature and may be a cause of contagious disease like Scabies to human beings by direct contact (Dominguez et al., 1978).
Canine scabies is an extremely pruritic and contagious skin condition caused by epidermal mite, Sarcoptes scabies var canis (Prescott, 1970). The disease spreads from dog to dog by direct contact., Clinical signs include intense pruritis, erythema, papular eruptions, accumulation of keratotic tissue and alopecia of the affected areas. Severely affected dogs may have open lesions caused by scratching. Scabies lesions are mostly seen in the muzzle, chest, elbow, around the eyes and in the ears and then spread to back and abdomen.
Dogs are kept as pet by quite a number of people in Pakistan.People became infected in about 50% of canine cases. however, the dermatosis in people usually dissipates spontaneously 2-4 weeks after the animal is treated (Folz et at., 1984) In the present study a total 620 dogs of various breeds and of both sex were examined for the presence of Sarcoptes scabiei var canis.OF these seventy five (12.9%) were found positive,of these dogs 50 were selected for therapeutic trials.these were randomly divided into five groups i.e.A, B, C, D & E having ten dogs in each group.these dogs were treated with Ivermectin,Cypermethrin,Nicotiana tobaccum & Azadirachta indica. Efficacy of the drug was calculated on the basis of disappearance of signs,negative skin scraping and subsidence of the skin surface..the result showed that Ivermectin was 100%on 28th day of treatment,followed by Cypermethrin 90%, Nicotiana tobaccum70% ,where as the lowest efficacy showed by Azadirachta indica i.e.60
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46.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Warble Fly Infectation In Buffaloes In District Dera Ghazi Khan
by Mahboob Akbar | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Wasim | Dr.M.Mazhar Ayaz Khosa | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: The present studies were conducted on the prevalence and chemotherapy of hypodermosis in cattle and buffaloes in D.G. Khan and Rajanpur districts of Punjab (Pakistan). Studies included assessment of prevalence of hypodermosis in the Veterinary hospital, houses holds, study fields and Livestock farms, the second part of the studies comprised of chemotherapy of hypodermosis. The prevalence of hypodermosis in cattle examined in Veterinary hospital, house holds, study fields and livestock farms in D.G. Khan and Rajanpur districts were recorded as 18.75%, 15.25% and in buffaloes the prevalence were recorded as 6.25% and 6.00%.
Chemotherapeutic trial of two insecticidal drugs Viz Ivermectin (1%) at a dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneous injection and Neguvon (Trichlorophon) at a dose rate of 5 gram in one litre water topical application was carried out to evaluate their
efficacy against hypodermosis in cattle and buffaloes. Ivermectin was found to be 100% and Neguvon 90%( Trichlorophon) effective for the control of hypodermosis. During the studies the economic losses were also studies and it has found that 50% loss to the local hide merchants in the area.
Investigations on the estimation of economic losses based on the infested hides were carried out in Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajanpur Districts. Twenty hide merchants in different areas were interrogated to find out the prices of warbled and warble-free hides. This price index was used to estimate the economic losses in terms of rupees.
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47.
Food Borne Parasitic Zoonosis With Special Reference To Metacercarial Infection In Fishes
by Saleem Marcus | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Kamran | Dr. Nusrat Jehan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: Food borne trematode infections have been recently identified as an important public health problem having considerable economic impact in terms of morbidity, loss of productivity and health care costs. Fish serve as second intermediate host of food borne trematode infections and serve as direct source of infection in humans. In the present study four different species of fish i.e. Labeo rohita (rohu), Cirrhnuh mrigala (mori thela), Catla catla (thela) and Hypophteamicty thyesmolitris (silver carp) serving as intermediate hosts of food borne trematodes were identified and also recorded the prevalence and intensity of infection due to metacercariae of food borne trematodes in common food fishes of Pakistan. For this purpose 222 different samples of fish were collected from numerous water bodies i.e. Rawal Dam, Islamabad and Mangla Dam, and local fish markets and detection of infection metacercariae of opisthorchis/clonorchis and heterophyids by pepsin digestion technique. Overall infection rate was 28.37 percent species wise prevalence indicated that catla catla and Labeo rohita were more frequently affected than other so whereas the lowest (23.5%) prevalence was reported in Hypophteamicty thyesmolitris. As the people of Pakistan are not consuming raw or undercooked fishes so prevalence of zoonotic diseases transmitted from fish are not recorded in Pakistan. However, experiment conducted on mice indicated that when metacercarial infection was given to mice, adult worms were isolated from the mice.
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48.
Different Control Measures Againts Musca Domestica Associated With Poultry Farms
by Muhammad Shoaib | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0959,T] (1).
49.
Genotyping Of Echinococcus Granulosus And Its Comparative Prevalence In Sheep, Goat And Human
by Muhammad Imran Bhatti | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Miss. Sabiqaa Masood | Mr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Hydatidosis is caused by metacestode of the dog worm Echinococcus granulosus. It is a serious problem for both Public health and livestock economy.Echinococcus granulosus has number of genetically distinct strains which are known to differ morphologically and epidemiologically. Out of 1000 sheep and goat examined only 45 Samples of hydatid cysts were collected from different organs i.e. livers, kidneys, lungs and hearts from Lahore abbatoir. Fertility and viability of the cysts was observed microscopically. Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus was performed through Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Seroprevalence of hydatidosis in 50 butchers working in abattoir was also determined by the use of Latex agglutination test (LAT) kit for detection of hydatidosis.
Considerable information is available about genetic variants of E. granulosus around the world. Ten genotypes of E. granulosus have been described, which exhibit a diversity of morphology, development, and host range, as confirmed by various studies. In the Mediterranean area, the Gl or common sheep strain, 02, the buffalo strain 03, and the equine strain 04 have been found in Spain, Italy, Lebanon, and Syria
To date, molecular studies using mainly DNA sequences cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COl) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) genes have identified ten distinct genotypes (01 -G 10) within E. granulosus. This categorization follows very closely the patterns of strain variation emerging from biological and epidemiological traits.
In this study we perform serum analysis of butchers to detect antibodies against Echinococcus so that the prevalence of Echinococus can be checked, the data available indicated that 14% of butchers population is infected with Echinococus. In order to confirm the starin of Echinococcus in sheep and goat the PCR-RFLP analysis of ND I gene of Echinococus were performed .The data obtained was analysed and it was concluded that the 01 strain of echinococus is prevalent in sheep and goat in Punjab area. It is hoped that the findings of the present study will be helpful for further planning about the control of the disease and correlating the prevalence in sheep, goats and butchers from the zoonotic point of view.
The results demonstrated that PCR-RFLP analysis of samples of patients suspected for Echinococcus is a promising diagnostic method and also confirms the type of Echinococus prevalent in that area and also enables an early direct detection of parasite DNA. This will help to curtail this drastic malady at an early stage and will help to devise the trategy to minimize the losses due to this disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0967,T] (1).
50.
Seropervalance Of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection In Indigenous Poultry And Their Dressers
by Kashif Shahzad Hashmi | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Kamran Ashraf (Assistant | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: In present study a total of 100 serum samples from indigenous poultry and the dressers were analysed for determination of Toxoplasma specific anti-bodies. Under aseptic measures 1-2m1 of blood was withdrawn by veinpuncture and serum was separated. All the serum samples were analyzed for specific IgG anti Toxoplasma ant-bodies using Latex Agglutination Test (LAT). Positive reaction was visualized by the naked eyes or magnifying hand lens.
Commercially available Toxoplasma Latex test kit was used to determine the serum antibodies. Results were interpretated, data obtained was analyzed statistically by calculating the percent sero-positivity of Toxoplasma gondii in indigenous poultry.
Toxoplasma is one of the most common zoonosis worldwide.It is caused by toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular parasite that attacks warm blooded animals,birds including humanbiengs.Felines are the definite hosts where the parasite carries out its sexual cycle resulting in oocysts that are taken to the environment by the feces.Man birds and animals acquire the infection by ingesting oocysts that contaminate water,foodstuff, and pasture in that environment.
In the present study the overall seroprevalance of toxoplasma gondii infection in indigenous poultry and dressers are 12% respectively by using Latex agglutination test.
In indigenous poultry seroprevalance of toxoplasma gondii was 10% out of 100 hens examined, (3) were seropositive at screening dilution of 1:256 suggesting possible recent contact.
(2) were seropositive at 1:128 which was due to acquired or evolving immunity, while (1) were seropositive at screening dilution at 1:16 indicating residual or non specific immunity.
Toxoplasma gondii infection is increased with age because of constant exposure to contaminated environment and increased contact with cats.
In dressers (butchers) seroprevalance was 12% out of 50.Two were seropositive at screening dilution of 1:256 suggesting possible recent contacting.Two were seropositive at 1:128 which was due to acquired or evolving immunity,whike two were seropositve at screening dilution at 1:16 indicating residual or non specific immunity.
Due to increase prevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans,birds and animals daby day it is very necessary that public should be aware about the zoonotic importance of this disease and preventive measures to be adopted.
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