1.
Performance Of Broilers, Kept On Different Stock Densities And Depths Of Letter
by Zafar Iqbal | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were used in the study. All the birds were brooded uniformally on the floor for the first two weeks. They were then divided randomly into four treatments on the basis of floor space and litter depth, having floor spaces of 750 or 500 sq. cm. /bird and litter depths of 8 or 16 cm. The parameters studied were body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality from 3 to 8 weeks of age. Hemoglobin concentration and differential leukocyte count were also investigated at 21st. 35th and 49th day of the experiment. Dressing percentage and chemical analysis of carcasses of birds were performed at the end of experiment.
No significant difference was observed in body weight feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage among the treatments. Mortality and breast blisters were negligible hemoglobin concentration was also non significant among the treatments. A significant difference was observed in Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio and in number of lymphocytes at 35th day.
Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio was increased while number of lymphocytes decreased by increasing the stock density. Chemical analysis of carcasses of birds also showed non-significant differences among different treatments between the values of protein, fat, ash and moisture.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0017,T] (1).
2.
Effects Of Addition Of Vitamin A And K On Anticoccidial Activity Of Esb3 In Broilers Chicks
by Ghazala Nawaz | Mubbasher Saeed mian | Muhammed | Muhammed Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0025,T] (1).
3.
Identification Of Various Species Of Genus Eimeria In Naturally Infected Buffaloes And Cattle In Lahore
by Ghulam Murtaza | Muhammed Afzal | Mubasher Saeed Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0035,T] (1).
4.
Libido And Mating Behaviour Of Buffalo Bulls
by Anzor, M | Manzoor Ahmed | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0038,T] (1).
5.
Studiesw On The Senility Pattern In Relation To Reproductive Efficienty In Male Nili-Ravi Buffalo
by Farman Ahmad | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0039,T] (1).
6.
Accuracy Of Rectal Diagnosis Of Corpus Luteum In Nili Ravi Buffalo
by Subhan Qureshi, M | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0040,T] (1).
7.
Effect Of Different Equilibration Times And Extenders On The Deep Freezing Of Buffalo Bull Semen
by Rashid, A | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0050,T] (1).
8.
Studies On The Population Of Primordial Follicles In Teddy Goats
by Saeed Akhtar, M | Naeem Ullah Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0053,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Different Dietary Antibiotics On The Growth Response Of Broiler Chicks
by Haq, A | Sagir Ahmed Jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0056,T] (1).
10.
Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Oil Meal As A Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Karim, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Sagir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0061,T] (1).
11.
Effect Of Ammoniation And Sodium Hydroxide Treatments On The Nutritive Value Of Rice Straw In Fattening Of Sahiwal Calves
by Rehman, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Sagir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0062,T] (1).
12.
The Effect Of Repllacement Of Corn With Wheat In Broiler Ration
by Khalid Mehmood Khan | Sagir Ahmed Jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0063,T] (1).
13.
Comparative Nutritive Value Of Sodium Hydroxide Treated Rice Straw In Pattening Rations Of Male Buffaloe Calves
by Iftikhar Ali | Sagir Ahmed Jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0068,T] (1).
14.
Studies On Yield And Chemical Compostion Of Milk As Affected By Feeding Npn (Urea) In Lactating Buffaloes
by Ashraf Iqbal, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Sagir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0069,T] (1).
15.
Studies On The Use Of Soybean Oil Meal As A Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Nawaz Saeed, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0074,T] (1).
16.
Influence Of Varying Levels Of Tallow On Economical Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Asif Humayun, Ch | Nisar Ahmed | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0078,T] (1).
17.
Effects Of Substitution Of Fish Meal With Meat Meal On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Ittifaq Shaheen, M | Nisar Ahmed Mian | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0080,T] (1).
18.
Influence Of Varying Levels Of Maize Oil On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Azam Chohan, M | Nisar Ahmed | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0082,T] (1).
19.
Sero Epidemiological Survey Of Bovine Brucellosis Associated With Reproductive Disorders In Quetta District, Balochistan
by Faqir Mohammad | Naeem Ullah Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0089,T] (1).
20.
Sero Prevalence Of Leptospirosis In The Exotic Dairy Cattle In And Around Quetta
by Ashfaq Hussain, Bhatti | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0090,T] (1).
21.
Proteolytic Enzyme As An Adjuvent To Antibiotic Treatment Of Surgical Wounds In Dogs
by Mukhtar Ahmad Ch | Zafar -Ud -Din Khan | Muhammed | Muhammed Tufail Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1978Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0112,T] (1).
22.
Epidemiology And Economic Importance Of Various Livestock Diseases In District Lahore
by Yamin, M | Muhammed Athar Khan | Muhammed | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0120,T] (1).
23.
Haematology And Total Serum Protein Patterns In Experimental Coccidiosis In Broiler Chicks
by Ilyas, M | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0139,T] (1).
24.
Comparison Of Indirect Haemagglutination (Ish) And Mouse Protection Test For Measuring Immunity
by Afzal, M | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Muhammed | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0161,T] (1).
25.
Immunogenic Studies On Tissue Culture Rinderpest Vaccine In Buffaloes And Cattle
by Saeed Ahmad | Muhammed Yousaf vaid | Ata ur Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0202,T] (1).
26.
Comparative Efficacy Of Hormonal & Surgical Treatment For Pymetra In The Dog
by Fazle Azim | Mazhar Iqbal | Muhammed | Muhammed Arif Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Pyometra is one of the serious disorders of the female reproductive system in the dog. It can lead to infertility in some cases and death in others. Ovariohysterectomy is believed to be the treatment of choice for pyometra but the reproductive potential of the animal is lost during this process. That is why ovariohysterectomy is of no value in breeding animals. Therefore, there must be an alternative treatment to save the animal and its reproductive ability. This project was designed with the same idea in mind.
For this experiment twenty clinically healthy female mongrel dogs were selected and were injected with progesterone for 5 days to initiate the hyperplasia of their uteri. The cervices of these animals were dilated by giving them Stilboesterol injections for two days. Thereafter pathogenic culture of Escherichia coil was inoculated within the hyperplastic uteri to induce pyometra. Then these animals were reswitched to progesterone therapy for 5 more days/ Pyometra was confirmed by clinical signs and white blood cell counts, which were found increased 2-4 folds, 5-7 days after inoculation.
The diseased animals were divided into two groups, group I (Surgical treatment group) and group II (Hormonal therapy group), consisting of 10 animals each. In the group I, ovariohysterectomy was performed and these animals were divided into two subgroups Ia and lb, consisting of 5 animals each. The animals of group Ia were kept on antibiotics only whereas the animals of group lb were kept on antibiotics and intravenous fluids, post operatively. The animals of group II were kept on Prostaglandins for treatment. This group was also divided into two subgroups Ila and Nb (consisting of 5 animals each). The animals of group Na were kept on antibiotics only and the animals of group lib were kept on antibiotics and intravenous fluids, during the hormonal therapy.
All the animals of surgical treatment group (Ia and Ib) responded to the treatment very nicely and 100 per cent recovery rate was recorded. In the hormonal therapy group (ha and Nb) 60 per cent recovery rate was recorded, as one animal of group Ila died due to shock on the 2nd day of hormonal therapy and one animal did not respond to the hormonal therapy. Among the 5 animals of group lIb, 2 animals did not respond to the treatment. Although 60 per cent recovery rate was observed in the hormonal therapy group but serious side effects of prostaglandins were also noticed (vomiting, restlessness, defecation and urination was observed just after the prostaglandin injection). As far as the supportive therapy (intravenous fluids) was concerned it did not affect the recovery rate of the animals and there was no noticeable difference between the blood analysis and urinalysis of the animals kept on intravenous fluids and those which did not receive intravenous fluids.
The analysis of the results indicated that no doubt ovariohysterectomy has an edge over the prostaglandins therapy in cases of pyometra. However, ovariohysterectomy should be advised in those cases where the dog is a mediocre one and the owner is interested in saving the life and not the reproductive potential of the animal. But in cases where the dog belongs to a breeding stock with a very good pedigree record, and the owner is particularly interested in her reproductive ability, one should not hesitate to try the hormonal therapy, as based upon the findings of this research at least 60 per cent chances exists to get that end.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0208,T] (1).
27.
Effect Of Storage Temperature On Pathogenicity On Hydropericardium Syndrome Virus In Chickens
by Arshad Dar, M | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Present study was designed to work out effect of different storage temperatures, and storage periods on pathogenicity of UPS virus. Observations on demonstration of inmiunosuppresive effect of UPS virus and its antigenic relationship with viruses producing similar type of problems in meat type chickens, were also made. Results of this study have shown no significant difference in virulence upto six weeks of storage at the given temperatures. Disease induction was done in relatively younger birds. Histopathological study of different organs from morbid birds showed changes similar to those reported by other workers.
Immunosuppressive effect of HPSV was demonstrable by low titers of antibodies against NDV and UPS. Indirect haemagglutination test with sensitized human "0" positive erythrocytes for detection of antibodies against HPSV worked effectively. The test is expected to become more sensitive with use of more purified antigen. Sheep RBCs sensitized without use of chromium chloride did not work in IHA test. Slight antIgenic similarity between HPSV and IBD virus iàs demonstrable in Agar gel diffusion test.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0210,T] (1).
28.
Studies On Clostridial Flora Of Ovine Gut
by Zarar Ahmad | S .Ata -Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Clostridial organisms are a part of the normal flora of animal intestine. Under conditions of stress and intestinal stasis bacteria multiply at a very rapid rate and produce intestinal disorders and other acute septicaemic diseases which may result in high mortality and condemnation of carcass and abortion and loss of milk yield in less severe cases.
Faecal samples of 500 sheep of various ages and both sexes, slaughtered at different abattoirs of Lahore were examined during the present study. Clostridial organisms belonging to different species were isolated from 320(64%) ou,t of 500 animals examined. Based upon morphological, colonial and biochemical characteristics these isolates were identified as Clostridium perfrinens 180(36%), Clostridium apcroenes 113(22.6%), Clostridium tetani 10(2%), Clostridium chauvoei 9(1.8%) and Clostridium botulinum 8(1.6%).
Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined in mice and it was observed that 36.25% of the isolates were pathogenic in this species producing acute septicaemic diseases. Out of the different species isolated 11.11% Clostridium chauvoei, 58.33% Clostridiuin prfrinens and 100% Clostridluin tetani were found pathogenic. Pure cultures of isolated organisms were obtained from the livers, tissues and blood of the inoculated mice.
Clostridia are an important group of pathogenic bacteria of veterinary public health significance, further work is recommended for the identification of the toxigenic groups within each species.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0219,T] (1).
29.
Comparative Nutritive Value Of Cottonseed Oil, Rapeseed Oil And Soyabean Oil, On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Zahid Mahmood | Nisar Ahmed | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: An experiment was conducted to study the comparative nutritive value of cotton seed oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil and soyabean oil on weight gain, feed efficiency, feed consumption, dressing percentage, iodine value and liver weight of broiler chicks. A ration without any added fat was kept as control. Cotton seed oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil and soyabean oil were incorporated at 2 and 3 percent levels in experimental starter and finisher rations respectively. The rations were tried on one hundred and fifty (150) dayold broiler chicks of both sexes for a period of 50 days. The starter rations were fed upto 28 days of age and finisher rations were fed from 29th day to 50 days of age
The result showed that growth of chicks was influenced by the type of oil used. The ration containing maize oil was the best for growth and feed utilization, followed by rapeseed oil, soyabean oil and cotton seed oil containing rations. The addition of vegetable oils in the starter as well as finisher rations have growth promoting effect in broiler chicks and improved the feed efficiency significantly. The difference in feed consumption among different rations were found to be statistically non-significant. The oil supplementation at 2 and 3 percent level (starter and finisher ration respectively) from different vegetable sources did not influence the dressing percentage and liver weight of broiler chicks. Iodine value of abdominal fat of chicks was significantly influenced by the addition of different vegetable oils in broiler rations.
The addition of vegetable oils in broiler rations improved the growth rate, feed efficiency and effected the iodine value of body fat of chicks and the rations were economical as compared to the rations without added oils. The economical picture depicted that ration containing added maize oil was the best in formulating an economical broiler ration.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0221,T] (1).
30.
Effect Of Anthelmintics (Banminth Ii And Bilverm) With Reference To The Economics Of Sheep Production
by Khizer Hayat | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Muhammed Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Sheep occupy an important place in economy of Pakistan as a source of food of high bioligical value and raw products for leather and woolen industries, particularly carpets. Parasitism is a great cause of economic loss to the sheep. The study was conducted to compare the fleece weight and live weight gain in treated versus untreated lambs suffering from nematodes using 90 Thalli sheep lambs in 3 groups keeping one group as infected control and other groups treated with Banminth II and Nilverm respectively. [he efficacy of both the drugs was evaluated on the basis of reduction of eggs per gram of faeces after medication. The egg count was made on Zero, 4th, 24th, 28th, 44th and 48th day. Both the drugs revealed a progressive decrease in the faecal egg counts. The efficacy of Banminth on 0, 4th, 24th, 29th, 44th and 48th was 20%, 97.33%., 99.73%., 99.93%. and 100%. Nilverm was 25%., 98.43%., 99.81%, 99.97% and 100%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the drugs. The increase in live weight gain in treated groups as compared to control was 30.72% and 42.48% in Banminth II and Nilverm respectively. Statistical analysis of the data confirmed that weight gain in Banminth II and Nilverm was significant than that of control however the weight gain was non significant between both the treated groups.
Fleece weight gain was 20% and 20.83% more in Banminth II and Nilverm treated groups as compared respectively. The quality of wool did not showed any significant difference between the three three groups except a significant increase in wool staple length s compared to control group.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0222,T] (1).
31.
Studies On The Efficacy Of Indigenous Drugs Against Fascioliasis In Buffaloes
by Shafeeq-ur-Rahman Kailani | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Experiments have been carried out to study the antifasciolic effects of the powdered plant drugs including Nigella sativa (seeds), Fumaria paryiflora (aerial parts) and Caesalpinia crista(seeds) in buffaloes suffering naturally from fascioliasis. The chronological effects of these indigenous drugs on a reduction of faeeal EPG counts of the experimental arLimala on 3rd, 10th and 15th day post medication were recorded. All the drugs, in the presiribed dose levels were administered orally as a single dose treatment to the animals of specified drug and dose group.
Incidence of fascioliasis from random samplings were found to be 3306±0.74 percent arid from symptomatically selected samples to be 64±3.18 percent.
All the crude drugs were found to cause a chronological increase in their percentage efficacies against chronic fascioliasis, when tested on post-treatment days 3rd, 10th and 15th. Both the parameters C dosage level as well as the post treatment days ) caused significant effects on the efficacies in all the drugs, as indicated by the values of their F-ratios. All the drugs showed the upper most dosage level (L3) to be the optimum dosage level with a highly significant (P<0.005) decrease in the egg-counts on all the post treatment days checked. On the post treatment day 3rd, all the drugs caused a non-significant decrease in the egg-counts at their lowest dosage level, a significant change at their upper dosage level and a highly significant decrease at their upper most dosage level (L3). However within the prescribed dosage levels, none of the drugs could decrease the egg-counts to zero(0), on post treatment day 15th, indicating that some betterment, of course, would be possible by a slight increase in the dosage levels in all the drugs. Maximum efficacy, on the basis of percentage egg- count reductions(s), was shown by Fumaria paryiflora (Shahtera) (93.15+ 0.51), while Caesalpinia crista (Karanjwa) (89.67+1.7) and Nigella stiva (karanjwa) (88.17±0.41 percent) indicated to he on second and third position respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0224,T] (1).
32.
Study Of Haematology And Sodium, Potassium Levels In Serum Of Broilers Affected With Hydropericardium
by Arshad, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Haematology as well as serum electrolytes (Na, K) were studied in HPS-induced broilers. Morbid livers from birds affected with i-EPS were triturated, centrifuged and the result in gsupernaiant was used as inoculum. -
One hundred and twenty broiler chicks at 21 days of age were divided into four groups, each group was comprised of 30 birds. Chicks in Groups A, B and C were administered with HPS Inoculum through oral, subcutaneous and intramuscular routes, respectively whereas the chicks in Group D served as control. Clinical symptoms observed were depression, ruffled feathers, gasping and disinclination to move. Blood samples were collected on 4th, 8th and 12th day post-inoculation. 1 he total leukocytes increased significantly (P < 0.01). In contrast, total erythrocytes and haemoglobin contents were decreased ( P < 0.05) in subcutaneously and intramuscularly-induced HPS Groups. Oral route of HPS - inoculation did not cause any change in these two parameters.
Serum sodium concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased due to I IPS-inoculation. Potassium concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) only in subcutaneously anti intramuscularly-induced HPS infection whereas potassium concentrations on 4th, 8th and 1 21h day post - inoculation were not found different among themselves.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0225,T] (1).
33.
A Study On The Effect Of Insecticide On Various Organs & Blood Parameters Of Poultry
by Razzaq, A | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Tufail Ahmed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The investigation was conducted to study the effects of organochiorine insecticide (BHC) on the hematology and liver, kidney and spleen in chickens.
One hundred day-old broiler chicks were reared upto two weeks of age , then they were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D (25 chicks in each group). Group A was maintained on a feed containing 100 mg BHC/kg feed. Group B was given a water contaminated with BHC at a dose rate of 100 mg/liter. Group C was reared on a litter which was sprayed with 0.65% BHC. 'ihe litter treatment was repeated at an interval of seven days. Group D was kept as control. All groups were kept under close observation for the development of signs and symptoms of BIIC toxicity. The blood from 5 chicks in each group was collected by slaughtering at
the age of 14 days, 21 days, 28 days, 35 days and 42 days. From the collected blood haematologicai alterations (TLC, TEC, DLC, PCV and Hb estimation) were studied and pathological changes in spleen, liver and kidney were compared with the control group. flefore slaughtering the weight of the birds were also taken.
Weight of the birds was recorded before slaughtering, there was a significant decrease in weight in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there was significant increase between 21-35 days, 21-35 days and 28-42 days.
Antemortem symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment and observed that feed intake of the treated groups was decreased, growth was retarded significantly. The treated birds were reluctant to move, hypersensitive, dull and depressed with ruffled feathers
In postmortem examination the main necropsy findings were small hemorrhages throughout the body muscles, hepatomegaly and swollen kidneys in groups A and B. The muscular hemorrhages were not recorded in group C.
The main histopathological lesions of liver and kidney included vascular congestion, cloudy swelling, vacuolization, hemorrhages, leukocytic infiltration and necrosis. There were no microscopic changes in spleen of groups A and B after 21 and 28 days, but in groups A and B after 35 and 42 days vascular congestion, hemorrhages and necrosis were observed.
Haematologlcal alterations were studied in all the three treated groups A, B, C and control group
D. There was no significant difference found in erythrocytlc count, hemoglobin estimation and packed cell volume amongst all the groups, at all the ages. The total leukocytic count showed a significant increase in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there wa also a significant increase between 21-28 days, 21-35 days and 21-42 days in groups A, B and C. The differential leukocytic count showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes and eosinophils in all the three groups i.e. A, B and C throughout the treatment while heterophils and monocytes increased significantly in all three treated groups as compared to control group D, but there was no change in basophils.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0226,T] (1).
34.
Study & Comparative Efficacy Of Oral & Injectable Levamisole Against G.I.T. Nematodes In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Anwar Hayat Hanjra | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This project was designed to find out the incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes and to chalk out the comparative efficacy of Levamisole Hcl oral and Levamisole Hcl injectable (Anthelmin powder and injection) in young buffaloes and cattle upto two years of age at Lahore and adjacent areas. The therapeutic trials were conducted on both sexes of buffaloes and cattle having moderate to heavy infection. The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of reduction in EPG (eggs per gram of the faeces) by using MoMaster technique.
Out of the total 300 faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of experimental animals, 128 were positive for G.I.T nematodes and incidence was found to be 42.66%. The eggs of different species of nematodes, as Neoscaris vitulorum, Haemonch, Cooperia, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus etc. were identified from the faecal samples. It was observed that the incidence of G.I.T nematodes was 44.50% and 39.83% in buffaloes and cattle respectively.
Out of the 128 positive animals ninety animals were selected for the drug trials and divided into three groups of thirty animal each i.e groups A, B and C. The anthelmin tic efficacy of Levamisol Hcl oral and Levamisol Hcl injectable against G.I.T. nernatodes was observed by administering the drug to group A and B respectively and group C was kept as non-medicated control. The efficacy was determined on basis of reduction in number of ova count discharged in faeces post medication. The percentage efficacy observed on 14th day was 96. 71% and 97. 80% in buffaloes and cattle respectively, for Levamisole Hcl oral. The efficacy was 98.62% and 98.29% in huffa1oe, and cattle respectively for Levamisole Hcl injectable.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0237,T] (1).
35.
Comparative Study Of Acaricides (Ivermectin & Asuntol) For The Treatment Of Mange Mites In Sheep
by Allah Diwaya Khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Ectoparasites are major problem creaters in the smooth rearing of sheep. Ainongs the ectoparasites mange mites are of prime importance as 'they damage skin, hide and wool etc. In the present study Iverinectin and Asuntol were used for the treatment of mange mites. A single subcutaneous injection of Ivermeotin 1% at dose rate of 1 nil/adult gave a cure of 80% adjudged on day 14 post treatment. A single spray of 0.1% solution of Asuntol could eliminate the condition in 65% of the clinical cases. On the same day in the animals which were kept as control (untreated), no spontaneous recovery was noted rather the condition aggravated.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0238,T] (1).
36.
Estimation Of Calcium, Phosphorus & Copper Levels In Serum Of Buffaloes, Suffering From Parturient
by Shaukat Ali | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: 75 buffaloes suffering from parturient haemoglobinuria and 25 healthy buffaloes were recorded for study. The samples and data were collected from 8 districts of Punjab. (Sargodha, IChushab, Gujranwala, Shekhupura, Okara, Sahiwal, Kasur and Bahawalnagar). Buffaloes in prime age and good health were mostly affected near parturition or after parturition. The highest percentage of cases was noted in 3rd lactation (36%), January (46.44%) and in post-parurition conclisition (88%). The Analysis of urine samples of affected buffaloes revealed the presence of haemoglobin, and light brown to coffee colour.
The clinical findings were haemoglobinuria, haemoglobinaemia, anoxic anaemia, voiding red coloured urine, weakness, constipation, staggering gait and slight rise of temperature that in later stages becomes subnormal.
The green fooder offered were Turnips, I3arseem and Sarsoon, during the winter season were low in phosphorus contents and considered to be predlisposing factor of disease.
The inorganic phosphorus and copper levels showed a decrease of 44.01% and 43.67% respectively where as serum calcium level increased by 1.89%, in the clinically affected animals.
In Pakistan an increase in incidence of disease has been noticed every year, where as only one Biochemical profile i.e. Serum Inorganic phosphorus level has been identified for investigation its etiology. The number of other factors like, serum, iron, dextrose, behaviour of R.B. C's. during disease and before seasonal fodders, and soil mineral contents are to be analysed for its detail etiological investigations. Our reserach institutions as well as educational departments are requested to reproduce the disease in healthy pregnant buffaloes for remedial measures, as well as its proper control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0239,T] (1).
37.
Haematological And Serum Protein'S Values Of Young Hourses Affected With Strangles In Sargodha
by Zahid Hassin Abid | Manzoor ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0243,T] (1).
38.
Studies On The Use Of Rice Gluten Meal As Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Basharat Ali | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Nisar ahmed Mian.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Proteins are one of the major components of poultry feeds, supplied mainly through animal and vegetable protein supplements. Rice gluten meal, a vegetable protein supplement is the byproduct of starch industry, left after the starch is washed out of rice tips flour. It is insoluble in water and greyish (beige) in colour. It has 43% crude protein and 3300 k.cal/kg. energy. On the basis of high protein and energy it could be used in the poultry feeds. The meal is commercially available in the country.
The present study was planed to find out the effect of feeding different levels of rice gluten meal on the growth rate and feed utilization of broiler chicks and to determine the effect of different amino acids supplementation and mechanical treatment on the nutritive value of rice gluten meal. Two experiments were conducted using day old Hubbard' broiler chicks as the experimental birds.
In the first experiment RGM was used at different levels substituting soybean meal on protein equivalent basis. The results indicated that the best growth rate and feed consumption of the chicks were observed in the ration containing 10% RGM. However, there was a progressive decrease in the weight gain of the chicks when RGM level was increased beyond 15%. The chicks growth depression was the highest (P<0.01) when RGM was used as sole source of protein. The best chicks growth performance of the ration containing 10% rice gluten meal and 25% soybean meal might be due to complimentary effect of amino acids of the two vegetable protein sources, while the poor chicks growth performance and feed consumption on account of feeding higher levels (30 and 38%) of RGM might be due to the poor quality of protein or growth inhibitory factor(s) in the indigenous rice gluten meal. The feed efficiency of the chicks was also significantly (P<0.01) lower when RGM was used as the sole source of protein. A similar trend as that of weight gain was observed in carcase weight of the chicks fed different experimental rations. A significant (P<0.01) hypertrophy of the pancreas was recorded in the chicks fed ration (G) containing the highest level of RGM as compared to the control. This indicated the presence of some growth inhibitory factor(s) in the indigenous rice gluten meal.
In the second experiment effect of lysine and methionine supplementation and autoclave treatment on the inutritive value of rice gluten meal was studied. The lysine supplementation of RGM significantly improved the growth rate, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks as compared to the control indicating that the meal was deficient in lysine. A further significant (P<0.01) improvement was observed in growth rate, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks fed lysine supplemented and autoclaved RGM ration as compared to the control indicating that autoclave treatment might have removed or reduced the antinutritional factor(s) of RGM whereas the deficiency of lysine was compensated through synthatie lysine supplementation. There was no significant improvement in weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks fed ration containing lysine + methionine supplementation as compared to the ration containing lysine supplementation. This showed that RGM was not deficient in methionine. A similar trend as that of weight gain was recorded in carcase weight of the chicks fed different experimental rations. There was observed a significant (P<O.05) decrease in pancreas hypertrophy in the chicks fed lysine supplementation and autoclaveci RGM ration as compared to the control indicating that autoclave treatment might have removed or reduced the growth inhibitory factor(s) of RGM.
CONCLUSION
Rice Gluten Meal (RGM) was deficient in lysine and contained some growth inhihitroy factor(s).
Autoclaving and lysine supplementation in rice gluten meal improved the nutritive value of the meal as indicated by better growth rate and best feed utilization for broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0249,T] (1).
39.
Sero-Epidemiology Of Leptospirosis In Buffaloes In Sargodha Division
by Muzaffar Ahmad, Gondal | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of domestic animals and man. In dairy animals leptospiral infection may produce reproductive disorders, abortion, repeat breeding, mastitis and infertility. Etiological agent has more than 180 distinct pathogenic serovars which can be classified into 18 serogroups.
On the basis of serological evidence of leptospirosis, a study was carried out to find the incidence, magnitude and serological distribution of leptospira interrogans in Sargodha division. Out of 713 total serum samples, 301, 157, 147 and 108 were collected from Sargodha, Khushab, Bhakkar and Mianwali districts respectively. These serum samples were of aborted, mastitis infected, healthy pregnant and non pregnant, sterile, repeat breeding and male (service, plough and traction) buffaloes. All the samples were subjected to Rapid Macroscopic Agglutination Test (RMAT). This test was performed both for initial screening and for the identification of leptospiral serovars of positive animals against eleven antigens used.
So it is necessary to control the veneral disease in dairy animals as the evidence suggests that the disease may cause great economic losses to the livestock.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0257,T] (1).
40.
Effect Of Sodium Hydroxide Treated Rice Straw In Sheep Fattending Rations
by Jafar Pervez Naqvi | Saghir Ahmed jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: An experiment was designed to study the effect of Sodium hydroxide treatment on the nutritive value of rice straw and its effect on growth rate, feed consumption feed efficiency and digestibility when fed to sheep. Sixty four lambs were included in the trial and randomly divided into four groups having four replicates in each group. Four rations A, B, C and D untreated and treated with 2%, 4% and 6% NaOH were prepared and alloted randomly to four groups of lambs. The experiment lasted for 84 days.
There was a significant improvement (P<O.05) in the weight gain and feed efficiency of lambs fed ration containing rice straw treated with 6% NaOH as compared with lambs fed ration containing untreated rice straw. Significant difference (P<O.05) in feed consumption were also observed between the lambs fed treated and untreated rice straw. The lambs fed ration containing untreated straw consumed significantly (P<O.OS) less feed than the lambs fed ration containing rice straw treated with 4%, & 6% NaOH. The digestibility trial revealed that the lambs fed ration containing rice straw treated with 2%, 4% and 6% NaOH had significantly higher (P<O.05) values of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and nitrogen free extract than the lambs fed ration containing untreated rice straw. However, non-significant difference (P<O.05) in digestibility were observed between the lambs fed rations treated with sodium hydroxide at different levels.
The study indicated that nutritive value of rice straw was improved by the treatment of sodium hydroxide at a significant level(P>0.05) for fattening the animals. Treatment with 6% Sodium hydroxide was proved significantly better (P>0.05) as lambs fed ration D containing rice straw treated with 6% NaOH gained more weight showed better feed efficiency and digestibility.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0264,T] (1).
41.
Pathological Changes Caused By Escherichia Coli In Young And Adult
by Tufail Muhammad Khan | Manzoor Ahmed | Altaf Hussain Sheikh | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0270,T] (1).
42.
Studies On Postpartum Buffaloes - Changes In Reproductive Organs And Onset Of Oestrus After Parturition
by Munir Ahmnad Ch | Naeem Ullah Khan | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Thirty five (35) buffaloes of Nili-Ravi breed were studied for postpartum reproductive performance. Involution of the uterus and postpartum ovarian activity were monitored by repeated rectal palpations of the genitalia from day 14 postpartum until first observed oestrus. Buffaloes were checked for manifestation of oestrus for five times a day by using bulls with deviated penis. Buffaloes detected in oestrus were examined rectally and inseminated at 12 and 18 hours after the onset of oestrus.
The mean time required for complete involution of uterus was 27.5 ± 1.4 days with a range from 21 to 66 days. The rate of decrease in diameter from day 14 postpartum to complete involution was slower in non-gravid horn than in gravid horn. This overall uterine involution period was not affected by the month of calving and the age of the buffaloes but lactation number effected it significantly (P<0.06). The diameter of cervix on day 14 postpartum was 88.0 mm for buffaloes calving during March and ranged from 66 to 77 mm for buffaloes calving during other months of the study period. The rate of decrease from day 14 postpartum to complete involution was lower in buffaloes which calved in January (1.00 mm/day) as compared to buffaloes of other months (range 1.1 to 1.5 mm/day). On complete involution the diameter of cervix was 47.0 mm and it ranged 34 to 37 mm in other months of study. There was no effect of age and parity on rate of cervical involution. Similarly the rate of decrease from day 14 postpartum to complete involution, of the gravid and non-gravid horns was not effected by month of calving, age and parity of buffaloes.
The time required from calving to complete regression of corpus luteum was 20.6 ± 1.0 days. This period was found to be effected by the month of calving (P<0.06). The interval from calving to the formation of first palpable follicle averaged 27.4 ± 1.2 days. There was significant effect of resumption of follicular activity on formation of first corpus luteum (P<0.001) and first postpartum oestrus (P<0..001). The incidence of first corpus luteum formation without oestrus activity was 62.9 %. The palpable life span of first corpus luteum averaged 6.6 ± 0.7 days. The interval from calving to formation of first corpus luteum was 38.1 ± 1.5 days. It was significantly affected by the postpartum oestrus interval (P<0.009)
The average postpartum period from calving to first observed oestrus was 124.2 ± 14.5 days and ranged from 22 to 280 days. In 22.9 % buffaloes, postpartum oestrus was observed within 30 days, whereas in 57.1 % buffaloes this period was more than 120 days. This interval was highly correlated with interval to uterine involution (P<0.06) and duration of oestrus (P<0.06) . Onset of oestrus was most frequently i.e in 34.3 % buffaloes were obsered at 22.00 hours, followed by 18.00, 02.00, 06.00 and 12.00 hours in 22.9 %, 17.1 %, 14.3 % and 11.4 % buffaloes, respectively.
In contrast to onset, the termination of oestrus occurred more frequently (77.1 %) during day light hours (6 AM to 6 PM) and 6.00 PM was the time when majority of buffaloes (40 %) terminated their oestrus. The overall duration of first postpartum oestrus was 24.7 ± 1.6 hours and it ranged from 6 to 48 hours. The majority of buffaloes (65.8 %) had the duration of oestrus within 9 to 24 hours.
On the basis of 60 days pregnancy diagnosis, the conception rate to breeding at first oestrus was only 14.30%.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0276,T] (1).
43.
Epidemiological Aspects And Treatment Trials On Haemoglobinuria In Buffaloes And Cows In District Vehari
by Shahid Pervez | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Epidomiological survey revealed that parturient haemoglobinuria was prevalent through out Vehari district. The prevalence of this problem was greater in buffaloes (3.12%) than cattle (0.5%). The disease mostly occured from 2 to 4 weeks after parturition. Incidences were high during Winter as compared to Summer season High milk producing buffaloes were more susceptible. Case fatality rate in bufffaloes was 48.25% while in cattle 38.46% Over all case fatality rate in buffaloes and cattle was 47.43%. Incidences were higher where management was poor Economic losses due to parturient haernoglobinuria were 13% based on total losses of common livestock diseases in buffaloes and cattle in District Vehari
Treatment trials of Sodium acid phosphate (Merk) 2mg/kg body weight, (60gm/animal), Cal-D-Mag (Pfizer) at the rate of 300 ml per animal and 5% Saline Dextrose (MediPak) 1000 ml per animal were conducted during the study. Three groups were organized comprising 20 animals each .Recovery percentage of Sodium acid phosphate, Cal-D-Mag and Saline Dextrose were 85%,35% and 0% respectively. Severity and recovery were calculated before treatment and after every 24 hour interval of the treatment till the recovery/death of the animal
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0291,T] (1).
44.
Effects Of Coccidiosis On Immune Response Of Broiler Chickens
by Farhat Nazir Awan | muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This study indicates that Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix infection (50,000 sporulated oocysts\bird) interfere with the body weight gain of birds, have adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver, interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated birds only, when the vaccination is done in the presence of organisms, does not interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated challenged birds, results in high post cha1leige mortality of vaccinated birds as compared to the vaccinated control and vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds. The injection to baby chicks on 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day post hatching with Cyclophosphamide resulted in lower body weight, destruction of the bursa of fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against NDV and very high post challenge mortality upon challenge with a virulent strain of NDV.
The weight gain studies inctkated that vaccinated and non- vaccinated coccidial infested birds and coccidiosis treated birds had significantly lower body weight than those of control\coccidiosis free birds at 50 days of age. Coccidial infection had adverse effects on the body weight gain. The study further indicated that vaccinated coccidial infested birds had significantly lower serum antibody titers on day 50 than the vaccinated control and vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds. The serum level of vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds and vaccinated control bird were on same level at day 50.
From the results of this study it is concluded that coccidia are immunosuppressive agent but they suppress the growth performances and immune response of bird temporarily. However, when the birds recover from the infection, they attain their normal immune status.
SUMMARY
The birds that received oocysts of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix (50,000 sporulated oocysts\bird) and were not treated throughout the experimental period had lower weight gains than the coccidiosis treated cyclophosphamide treated and coccidiosis free\control birds.
Coccidial infection adversely affected the weight of thyrnus, liver whereas bursa of fabricius and spleen had slight depression in their weight. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight.
As compared to control and coccicliosis treated birds, the sera of NDV vaccinated coccidial infested birds had lower antibody titers on day 50. The post challenge sera of NDV vaccinated coccidial infected birds had higher antibody titers as compared to NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated birds. The NDV vaccinated coccidial infested and NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated birds had significant post virulent NDV challenge mortality, whereas the vaccinated control and vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds did not have any mortality following NDV challange.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0302,T] (1).
45.
Drug Traisl On Escherichia Coli Isolated From Broilers
by Khaliq Shafi | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Pakistan is basically an Agricultural country whose economy largely hinges upon its animal wealth. Poultry industry which Is recognized as one of the major emerging fields In the country is confronting with many a baffling malady which often leave the Industry at a growing disadvantage. Escherichla coil, one of the most abundantly Incriminated organism in avian ailments, is reckoned to be one of the major culprits that wreaks havoc on the steeply proliferating poultry industry.
The present project made an effort to study the efficacy of different drugs on various prevalant strains of E. coll isolated from broilers that were submitted for postmortem at V.R.I. and C.V.S. Lahore.
Twelve different antibacterial drugs which Included doxycycline, Inoxyl, oxytertracycline, ampicillin, colistin, trimethoprim, flumequlne, furazolidone, tylosin, furadantin clamoxyl and gentamicin were used to observe the sensitivity of the isolates. In-vitro gentamicin, -flumequine, inoxyl and clamoxyl emerged as drugs of choice in order of their decreasing importance in this experiment.
The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was tested In Swiss white mice. After viable count, ten mice were injected intraperltonenily with the suspension of the Isolated strain at a dose rate of 0.25 ml having 3x10'8 bacteria while ten mice were kept as controls.
The four best drugs were further tested for their efficiency in protecting the birds from E. coil infection. A total of 180 birds reared upto four weeks of age were divided into six groups viz. A to F, each consisting of 30 birds. Group A was kept as uninfected and untreated while to the group B infection was given but no treatment. The remaining groups I .e. C, 0, E and F after infection were treated with Inoxyl, gentamicin, clamoxyl and fiuinequine respectively. All the groups were kept under close observation and their mortality and feed efficiency was recorded. Maximum mortality was recorded in group B i.e. 54.5'l% while in the group C, 0, E and F the mortality recorded was 25%, 42.85%, 40.90% and 27.77% respectively.
According to this trial Inoxyl afforded maximum protection against the Infection and proved best In relation to F.C.R. Flumequlne stood in second in the list while clamoxyl was next best drug in furnishing protection against the Infection whereas gentamicin was the least best drug in this regard.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0305,T] (1).
46.
Effect Of Intermittent Light On Physical Abnormalities & Performance In Broiler
by Shehzad Majeed | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Poultry industry has to play a considerable role in the livestock subsector in regard with the provision of meat in Pakistan. As the broiler industry is increasing day by day, the factors hindering the growth rate are also being taken into account by the farmers as well as the scientists. Besides different diseases, poor management is one of the main problems which jeopardizes the poultry production. Numerous studies conducted in various countries showed that among the other managemental problems the different light regimes to which the brioler are exposed during rearing had a significant effects on the weight gained, feed consumption and FCR. The birds exposed to the intermittent light system also showed better response in connection with physical abnormalities.
The present study was conducted to observed the effect of intermittent light regimes on the development of physical abnormalities and performance of the chicks viz, feed consumption, weight gain, FCR and dressing percentage as compared with continuous light system.
In this study, three groups of 60 chicks each were subjected to light treatment from the start of 3rd week to the end of 6th week in following way:
Group A : Continuous light (control) 24 hours
Group B : 1 hr. light : 2 hr darkness
Group C : 1 hr. light : 3 hr drakness
The feed consumption, weight gained and FCR of each group were calculated at the end of 6th week age group and analysed by one way analysis of variance techniques. Least significant difference test was applied to compare the treatment means of the groups.
Beside above dressing percentage, weight of giblets, physical abnormalities and mortality in each group was also recorded.
This study concluded that the performance of broiler chicks under intermittent system of light was significantly better as compared to continuous light system. The average weight gained during treatment period in group A, B and c were 1410, 1460, and 1510 gm respectively. Similarly the FCR of group A, B and C was 1.90, 1.80 and 1.74 respectively. It is evident from the results that overall performance of birds under group C viz. 1L:3D was significantly better than either continuous light or 1L:2D system. This better performance by the group given 1L:3D light treatment may be due to a longer resting period during which the birds mainly remained inactive. The energy thus saved was converted in to growth. As the difference in feed consumption of the groups provided 1L:2D and that provided 1L:3D was non significant therefore the FCR of group given lL:3D treatment was better. The average feed consumption by the chicks in group A, B and C are 2.371, 2.329 and 2.344 Kg respectively. The feed consumption by the chicks under intermittent light system was less than continuous light but not significant.
The dressing percentage and carcass quality of the birds subject to light treatment were also comparatively better than continuous light programme.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0308,T] (1).
47.
Influence Of Varing Levels Of Energy With Constant Levels Of Protein On The Performance Of Male & Female Broiler
by Mustafa Kamal, M | Nisar Ahmed | Muhammed | Muhammed yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Present experiment was conducted to study the influence of varying level of energy with constant level of protein on the performance of male and female broiler chicks. For this purpose 90 males and 90 females were reared in batteries for 50 days. Each group was subdivided into three sub groups, and starter ration A, B and C were given to each sub group for first 28 days, and from 29 to 50th days finisher rations A1 B1 and C1 were given. Starter rations A,B and C contained 23% protein and 3050, 3150 and 3250 Kcal / kg of M.E respectively. The finisher rations Aj B1 and Cj contained 20% protein and 3050, 3150 and 3250 Kcal / Kg of M.E. On starter rations A, B and C males gained 857.94, 867.4 and 868.74 gms respectively. Where as females gained 806.9, 820.1 and 826.8 gms respectively. This difference in weight gain was non significant. Feed consumption by the male chicks was 1449, 1460, and 1440 grams respectively, where as females consumed 1403.0, 1409.6 and 1413.6 grams respectively. This difference was also non significant. Similarly a non significant difference was obtained for feed conversion ratio during this period on different raions.
On finisher raions A1 B1 and C1 males gained 751.2, 882.0 and 968.5 grams respectively where as females gained 589.5, 639.0 and 655.5 grams respectively. For the males the difference was highly significant (P <0.01) and for females it was non significant (Tablei 1). Feed consumption by male broiler chicks was 2091, 2196.7 and 2270.7 grams respectively. Where as for females it was 1978, 1989 and 2025 grams respectively. The difference was non significant for both males and females. During this peroid feed conversion ratio for males was 2.78, 2.49 and 2.35 respectively. Where as for females it was 3.36, 3.11 and 3.09 respectively. The difference was non significant for females where as difference for the males was significant (P<O.05).
It was concluded that the males can convert higher levels of energy more efficiently than females. It was also observed that increasing energy resulted in increased abdominal fat but the difference was non significant. The results also revealed that on rations A, B and C the males were 15.23, 19.89 and 23.94% respectively heavier than the females. It was also observed that on corresponding rations males consumed 4.7%, 7.6% and 7.9% more feed than the females. Similarly it was also observed that on rations A, B and C males had a better F.C.R of 10%, 11.48% and 14.85% than the females on corresponding rations.
Economical analysis revealed that it was feasible to increase M.E for the males to 3150 Kcal / kg. But the best results for females were obtained at M.E 3050 Kcal / Kg. It was also noticed that on ration A, B and C the males produced meat at a cost of 1.97, 2.33 and 2.92 Rupees / Kg less then the females.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0312,T] (1).
48.
Comparative Studies On The Therapeutic Effect Of Cloprostenol And Antibiotics On Endometritis In Buffaloes
by Latif, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This study was designed to test suitable drugs on the basis of their theraputic effect which are currently in practice to treat endometritis, a problem of high significance among the reproductive disorders of the buffalo in Pakistan.
One hundred and twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes suffering from 1st degree of endometritis were used in this study. Six groups were constituted, having 20 animals in each group.
Twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes in group A' were injected 500 mg of cloprostenol (Estrumate) and inseminated at the following oestrous.
Twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes included in group 'B' were treated with oxytetracycline for five days using intra-uterine route. On next heat the buffaloes were inseminated.
Twenty buffaloes of group 'C' were treated with oxytet-racycline, opted single dose after intrarectally palpating the corpus luteum on the ovary. The buffaloes were inseminated on next heat
Twenty buffaloes of group 'D' were treated with Chioramphenicol for five days using intra-uterine route. The animals were inseminated on next heat
Nili- Ravi buffaloes included in group 'E' were treated with Chloramphenicol after palpating the corpus luteurn. opting single dose. The animals were inseminated on next heat.
The Nili-Ravi buffaloes included in Group 'F' were used as control and inseminated without treatment. During the fertility trials the conception rate calculated after rectal-palpation for pregnancy diagnosis was 60%, 55%, 45%, 50%, 40% and 35% for groups A, B, C, D, E and F respectively.
On the basis of conception rate percentage(60%) and services per conception (1.6) estrumate was declared as drug of choice1,among these tested in the present study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0320,T] (1).
49.
Effect Of Different Egg Yolk Levels On The Quality Of Frozen Buffalo Bull Semen
by Afzal, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The comparative study of various egg yolk levels in the extenders used for deep freezing of buffalo semen was conducted at Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad (Sahiwal). The routinely used Lactose-Fructose-Glycerol semen extender was added with 20, 15, 10, 5 and 0% egg yolk concentration in five experimental extenders. 50 ejaculates collected from 10 buffalo bulls were frozen in Liquid Nitrogen. Each semen sample from all bulls and egg yolk levels was evaluated for post-thaw sperm motility, livability and absolute index of livability.
The average values obtained from egg yolk levels and bulls for all test parameters were found statistically high (P < 0.01) at 10 percent egg yolk level as compared to all others. The order of merit for post-thaw motility, livability and the absolute index of livability at 10, 20, 15, 5 and 0% egg yolk level was 45.9%, 43.5%, 42.9%, 33.7% and 8.7% for motility, 9.8, 9.34, 9.3, 7.68 and 2.75 (Hours) for livability and 231.6, 207.95, 204.85, 123.25 and 13.85 for livability index, respectively.
The comparative mean values obtained from each bull were observed non-significant for post-thaw sperm motility but were found significantly higher (P < 0.05) among bulls regarding livability and the absolute index of livability.
On the basis of the results obtained in the present study it may be concluded that due to synergestic effect between glycerol and the presence of 10% concentration of egg yolk in the extender, being comparatively more economical, exhibiting better visibility and on account of high values obtained from motility, livability and absolute index of livability, an extender containing 10% egg yolk level is recommended for the preservation and deep freezing of buffalo bull semen in Liquid Nitrogen for obtaining optimal semen quality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0322,T] (1).
50.
Serological Sruvey Of Brucellosis And Leptospirosis In Camels
by Anwar ul Haq | Muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to determine the incidence of brucellosis and leptospirosis in camels. Five hundred serum samples of camels awaiting slaughter at Lahore abattoir were tested in laboratory by slide agglutination and standard tube agglutination tests. The slide agglutination test recorded a relatively higher prevalence of the disease than the standard tube agglutination test.
Four leptospira serovars were used as antigen and positive results were obtained with L. pomona, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. australis. The serum samples having a leptospiral antibody titre of > 100 were considered as positive.
The over-all prevalence of brucellosis in camel population was 4.2% by slide agglutination test and 3.6% by standard tube agglutination test. The overall incidence of brucellosis in male camels was found to be 3.4% and the female camels demonstrated a prevalence of 4.5%.
The sera with standard tube agglutination titre of 1.40 and above were considered positive while those heaving a titre of 1:20 were located as doubtful.
The overall prevalence of leptospirosis was 3.4% while it was 2.72% in male camples and 3.4% in female camples.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0326,T] (1).
