1.
Study & Comparative Efficacy Of Oral & Injectable Levamisole Against G.I.T. Nematodes In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Anwar Hayat Hanjra | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This project was designed to find out the incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes and to chalk out the comparative efficacy of Levamisole Hcl oral and Levamisole Hcl injectable (Anthelmin powder and injection) in young buffaloes and cattle upto two years of age at Lahore and adjacent areas. The therapeutic trials were conducted on both sexes of buffaloes and cattle having moderate to heavy infection. The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of reduction in EPG (eggs per gram of the faeces) by using MoMaster technique.
Out of the total 300 faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of experimental animals, 128 were positive for G.I.T nematodes and incidence was found to be 42.66%. The eggs of different species of nematodes, as Neoscaris vitulorum, Haemonch, Cooperia, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus etc. were identified from the faecal samples. It was observed that the incidence of G.I.T nematodes was 44.50% and 39.83% in buffaloes and cattle respectively.
Out of the 128 positive animals ninety animals were selected for the drug trials and divided into three groups of thirty animal each i.e groups A, B and C. The anthelmin tic efficacy of Levamisol Hcl oral and Levamisol Hcl injectable against G.I.T. nernatodes was observed by administering the drug to group A and B respectively and group C was kept as non-medicated control. The efficacy was determined on basis of reduction in number of ova count discharged in faeces post medication. The percentage efficacy observed on 14th day was 96. 71% and 97. 80% in buffaloes and cattle respectively, for Levamisole Hcl oral. The efficacy was 98.62% and 98.29% in huffa1oe, and cattle respectively for Levamisole Hcl injectable.
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2.
Comparative Study Of Acaricides (Ivermectin & Asuntol) For The Treatment Of Mange Mites In Sheep
by Allah Diwaya Khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Ectoparasites are major problem creaters in the smooth rearing of sheep. Ainongs the ectoparasites mange mites are of prime importance as 'they damage skin, hide and wool etc. In the present study Iverinectin and Asuntol were used for the treatment of mange mites. A single subcutaneous injection of Ivermeotin 1% at dose rate of 1 nil/adult gave a cure of 80% adjudged on day 14 post treatment. A single spray of 0.1% solution of Asuntol could eliminate the condition in 65% of the clinical cases. On the same day in the animals which were kept as control (untreated), no spontaneous recovery was noted rather the condition aggravated.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0238,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Milk Fever On Serum Calcium, Phosphorus And L.D.H. In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Saeed, M | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Muhammed Younas Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: In this study affect of milk fever was investigated on serum creatine phospholinase (C .P .K.) and lactic dehdrogenase (L .D .H). The experiments were performed on 50 cows/buffaloes affect with this disease. 50 healthy animals were also investigated as a control group. Blood samples were collected directly from the diseased animals. Serum was separated from the blood by the method of centrifugation at the rate of 3000 r.p.m - The serum samples were stored at -20oC in the freezer. The analysis were done by the help of special kits and spectrophotometer. This whole work of analysis was performed in the medicine laboratory at college of veterinary Sciences Lahore. The results of diseased and healthy animals were calculated.
This research shows that during the milk fever the calcium level becomes low than the normal. The serum creatine phosphokinase (C.P.K) and Lactic dehydrogenase (L.D.H) are two body enzymes. The activity of these enzymes was elevated than the normal. The mean value of the calcium in 50 diseased animals was 4.90 mg/dl (Which is low than normal). the mean value of the serum enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CP.K) was 306.54 u/i (Which is high than the normal) . The mean value of serum enzyme lactic dehydrogenase (L.D.H) was 1890.42 (which is high than normal.
It was investigated to see the effect of hypocalcemia on two body enzymes the C.P.K and L.D.H. At the end of the study of this research the laboratory data shows that ultimately thre is an elevation in the activities of the said enzymes. Which is a great investigation for the diagnostic data of the milk fever.
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4.
Epidemiological Investigation Into Economically Important Livestock Diseases In District Murdan
by Ibrahim, M | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Mubasher | Muhammed Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted in Tehsil Mardan. The data was collected by a Survey on the basis of comprehensive questionnaire through personal interview of livestock owners at their places.
In pursuance of the present study the data was analysed and the main conclusions drawn were as under. The incidence, mortality and fatality rates due to H.S. were in young buffaloes 10.89% 10.39% and 95.45% respectively. In adult buffaloes were 5.92%, 4.24% and 71 .73% respectively. The incidence, mortality and fatality rates in young cattle were 2.45%, 2.30%, 93.75% respectively. While in adult cattle it was 1 .28%, 0.64% and 50% respectively.
The Mortality rates of various diseases were as Black quarter disease 0.61% in Young and 0.88% in adult cattle. Haemoglobinurea in buffalo 0.32% and in cows 0.10% Diarrhoea in Buffalo 0.14% and in cattle was 0.21%, while diarrhoea in sheep 1.59% and in goats 1.12% post-parturient prolapse in buffalo 0.65% and 0.20% in cows.
In case of foot and mouth disease in young buffaloes incidence was 14.52% and in adult 15.05%. In cattle incidence was 15.33% in young and in adult 13.97%. The incidence of mastitis in buffaloes, cattle and goats were 3.60% 2.51% and 2.65% respectively. In case of milk fever the incidence in buffaloes was 2.78% and 0.70% in cows. Similarly, the incidence in case of preparturient prolapse was 3.92% and 1 .30% respectively. The incidence of abortion in buffaloes and cattle was 1.14% and 1.20% respectively, while in case of sheep and goats it was 1 .84% and 2.65% respectively. In case of Enterotoxaemia in young goat the morbidity, mortality and fatality rates were 8.56% 7.37% and 86.00% respectively. In adult goats 6.99%, 5.54% and 79.31% respectively. In case of young sheep incidence, mortality and fatality rates were 5.62%, 5.29% and 94.11%, while in adult sheep it was8.83%, 6.41% and 72.51% respectively.
A monetary toss of Rs. 9,44,992/- was estimated annually in buffaloes, cattle sheep and goats due to various diseases in surveyed area in District Mardan.
It was evident from the information gathered from the respondents that the livestock owners residing at distant places from a veterinary Hospital were not able to utilize the hospital facilities properly.
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5.
A Study Of Detection & Chemotherapy Ascariasis In Paddock Horses,Donkeys & Mules.
by Abhullah khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Azhar Maqbool | Muhammed Avais | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Equines constitute an important and integral part of livestock of the country for their utility and service. Parasitic infections pose an inevitable threat to the equine industry. Ascariasis is one of the major veterinary problems of developed and under developed countries of the world. It is considered to be highly responsible for great economic losses in the form of stunted growth, weight loss and death in severe cases. Keeping in view, the present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of ascariasis among paddock horses, donkeys and mules along with evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics for therapeutic and prophylactic use.
For this purpose paddock horses (n150), donkeys (n=150) and mules (n150) of Army Remount Depot Mona were examined coprologically for ascarids and their The faecal samples were processed at Medicine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore by Direct Smear Method and Salt Flotation Technique for detection of ascarid eggs, while eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces were determined by employing McMaster Egg Counting Technique. The overall prevalence of Ascariasis in paddock horses, donkeys and mules was recorded as 36.00%, 31.33% and 28% respectively. The infection rate was higher in animals of fewer than 2 years of age i.e. 64, 56 and 52 percent as compared to animals over 2 years old i.e. 22, 19 and 16 percent respectively. For chemotherapy trials the positive cases from each category were divided into three groups consisting of six animals each. The animals of first group were treated with Doramectin @ 0.2mg/kg body weight subcutaneously, second group with Garlic 0.2gm/kg body weight orally and the third group kept as positive control. A fourth group consisting of six negative animals from each category was kept as negative control. Eggs per gram (EPG) of animals of all the groups were determined at Day 0 (Pre-treatment) and day 3, 7, and 14 (Post-treatment). The efficacy of the drugs was determined on the basis of reduction in EPG.
The efficacy of Doramectin against the ova /larvae of Parascaris
equorum was recorded as 81.48%, 92.59% and 92,59% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in horses, 41.93%, 87.10% and 80.64% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in donkeys and 66.66%, 81,48%and 81.48% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in mules. The efficacy of Garlic Powder was very low as compared to Doramectin and recorded as 44.44%, 48.15% and 44.44% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in horses, 37.95%, 5 1.61% and 5 1.61% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in donkeys and 18.52%, 33.33% and 33.33% respectively in mules. Low efficacy of Garlic may be due to insufficient extraction of allicin, the antiparasitic ingredient in garlic. Thus further study is recommended to determine the safe and efficacious dose rate and frequency of garlic to obtain desired anthelmintic effect of allicin.
Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant difference between drugs (Doramectin and Garlic power) and between control and treated groups of horses, donkeys and mules.
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6.
Effect Of Coccidiosis And Amprolium (Coccidiostat) On Different Blood Parametersk, Sgpt, And Creatinine In Broiler Chicks
by Hameed Ullah Shah | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Ather Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0094,T] (1).
7.
Prevalence Of G.Ilt. Namatodes In P:Heasants At Lahore Zoo/Jallo Wildlife Park & Its Chemotherapy With Oxfendazole (Oxafax) & Febental [Rintal]
by Makhdoom Najaf, Muftee | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This experiment was conducted to find out that efficacy of various anthelmintics in birds (Pheasants) for the treatment of Ascaridia, Heteraki and Trichostrungylus.
Thirty six pheasants naturally infected were selected for study. They were divided into 3 groups that in A, B & C. The anthelmintics used were Rintal and Oxafax. They were given to Group A, B respectively. Group C was considered as control to know the increase in the number of eggs per gm. of feces during the experimental period, showing the increase as 2375 and 2908 and 8.34% and 32.66% on third and seventh day of experiment.
Fecal samples were obtained from pheasants owing to Punjab Wildlife Department, i.e. Lahore Zoo and Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore brought to Medicine Lab., College of Veterinary Sciences Lahore of -rye samples were done:
a. Before the administration of drugs.
b. After 3rd day of treatment.
c. After 7th day of treatment by using MC. Master technique.
As regards the efficacy of the drugs, the Rintal was found highly effective and reduced 90.58 eggs per grams of feces, Oxafax reduced 82.42%.
In addition to effectiveness, Rintal was also the cheapest, anthelinintic out of two. So Rintal was recommended for field use. It was observed thak incidence of infection (Ascaridia, Heterakis) in Lahore Zoo was 25% and incidence of infection in Jallo Wildlife Park was 23% overall incidence was 24%. In Lahore Zoo the prevalence was 60.11% for Ascaridia and for 1-leterakis 38.88% whereas in Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore it was 65.21% for Ascaridia and for Heterakis 34.78% respectively.
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8.
Study Of Coccidiosis In Different Age Groups & Estimation Of Haemaglobin, Pcv And Total Proteins In Camels
by Ashfar-ur-Rehman | Muhammed Sarwer khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of coccidiosis in different age groups of camels and to estimate haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and total serum proteins in positive cases. For this purpose study was carried out on 300 animals of different age groups of camels (calves, young and adult) brought to Lahore abattoir for slaughtering during a period between June to August 1991. The investigation showed that out of 300 animals, 29 (9.66%) were positive for coocidiosis.
It was also observed that infection rate was higher in calves (25.86%) than in young (5.62%) and adult camels (6.09%). The study also indicated that the prevalence of coccidiosis remained as in the month of June (8.42%), July (9.60%) end in August (11.25%).
The present investigation revealed that an average haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and total serum protein were 9.2 ± 0..3g/100 ml, 35..27 ± 0.46% and 8.3 ± 1.0g/100 ml of positive animals respectively.. It was recorded that 19 animals showed decrease in haemoglobin, 6 showed increase in packed cell volume and 9 showed increase in total serum protein.
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9.
Incidence Of Surra (Trypanasomiasis) & Estimation Of Blood Glucose Protein P.,C.V. Values In Camels Grought To Lahore Abbatoir
by Saleem Ahmad, S | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis in camels caused by T. evansi occurs in both acute and chronic forms. In chronic forms huge production loss occur, i.e lower milk and meat yields. The present study had been designed to find out the incidence of the disease and estimation of blood glucose ,P.C.V. and protein level , it will eventually lead to the control of Trypanosomiasis.
For the incidence, blood samples were col- lected from Lahore abattoir and the presence of Trypa- nosome was confirmed by making smear from freshly collected blood samples from the ear vein.For the haematological study blood was collected from jugular vein in the glass tube . The values of protein , PC.V. and blood glucose was estimated by standard method.
Out of 500 samples 24 were proved to be positive i.e 4.80 % sample were positive.Whereas in the month of July 1991 it comes 4.16 %,In the month of Aug. 91 estimated as 5.58 % and during Sept. 91 was estimated as 4.30 %.
On examining the values of serum protein ,blood glucose and Packed Cell Volume ( P.C.V.) of the positive samples they showed slight increase in protein value ,decrease in glucose value and also reduction of P.C.V. values. Their mean values were calculated as 9.55 g/100 ml,29.07 mg/100 ml and 20.25 % respectively.
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10.
Comparative Efficacy Of Tryupanocidal Drugs And Their Effects On Some Blood Parameters In Equine Trypanosomiasis
by Noor Ahmed Khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Muhammed Athar Khan | Naeem Ullah | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis causes great losses in equines, if not treated properly. This study was planned to determine the
prevalence and treatment of T.evansi infection with different drugs in equines in and around Lahore. The effect of drugs on DLC and haemoglobin was also determined. For this purpose 350 healthy and suspected horses were examined. Thirty positive cases were divided into 3 equal groups. Two groups were served with two different trials, and 3rd group was kept as untreated infected control. A 4th group was kept as non-infected and untreated control. All the animals were examined at regular intervals for the presence or absence of parasites post-treatment. The DLC and haemoglobin contents were recorded just before and on day 21 post-treatment. The data so obtained was analysed statistically and results were made as under.
1) Prevalence
Out of 350 horses, 37 were positive to T.evansi. The prevalence was 10.57 percent.
2) Efficacy
The Suramin (Naganol Bayer) was 70% Trypanocidal on day 0 and 100Z on day 10 and 21 post treatment; while the Quinapyrainine (Trypacide N & B) was 80% effective on day 5 and 100% on day 10 and 21 post treatment.
3) DLC
Harked Neutropenia with lymphocytosis was observed before tree tinent. The average values of Neutrophils were 42.5 ± 0.65.. 42.6 ± 0.61, 42.7 .± 0.65 and 61.4 .± 0.48 in the 4 groups respectively. The reduction in Neutrophils and increase in lymphocytes was 30.62% and 69.96%. On day 21 after treatment Neutrophil and lymphocyte count became 61.8 ± 0.41 and 55.1 .± 0.56 in group I and II respectively; while the group III and IV revealed no difference in their count. There was 35% increase in Eosinophils of group I, II and III before treatment, the average being 5.6 ± 0.26, 5.2 ± 0.24 and 5.4 ± 0.27 respectively: while the group IV possessed 4.00 ± 0.23% neutrophils. The eosjnophjlja tended to become normal with 29.63% decrease, average being 3.9 ± 0.4 and 3.7± 0.56 in group I and II respectively) on day 21 post-treatment; while this count remained nearly the same in group IV on same day.
The Basophil count remained unchanged before and - after treatment in all the 4 groups. The average values on day 0 were 1.7 ± 0.17, 1.5 ± 0.17, 1.2 ± 0.16 and 1. 1 ± 0. 16 and on day 21 1.6 ± 0. 16, 1.1 ± 0.16, 1.5 ± 0.17 and 1.6 ± 0.2 for group I, II, III and IV respectively.
4) Haemoglobin
There was 38. 78% decrease in haemoglobin content in infected animals. The average values raised up after treatment from 6.03 ± 0.17 and 6.21 ± 0.13 to 8.24 ± 015 and 7.22 ± 0.19 with Suramin (Naganol Bayer) and Trypacide N & B respectively. Suramin (Naganol Bayer) was significantly better than Trypacide N & B in that respect. There was 15.29% decrease in group III after 21 days. The haemoglobin values of group IV remained unchanged.
5) Side Effects
The 40% horses treated with Suramin (Naganol Bayer) revealed signs of hypersensitivity. The 50% of animals treated with Trypacide N & B developed oedemas. at the site of injection.
Note: Quinapyraroine (Trypacide N & B) was concluded to be the drug of choice for equine Trypanosomiasis.
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11.
Chemotherapy Of Fascioliosis With Nitroxynil And Estimation Of Serum Bilirubin & Sgot Levels In Sheep And and Goats
by Ayaz Wazir, Malik | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Fascioliasis is one of the major economically important diseases affecting a mass population of sheep and goats in Pakistan. The present study was designed to find out the prevalence of fascioliasis in N.W.F.P., and the serum bilirubin and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities in sheep and goats before and after treatment with Nitroxynil.
In this study out of 240 sheep and 360 goats forty sheep (16.667.) and forty goats (11.117.) were found positive for fascioliasis, by applying direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation technique. The eggs per gram of faeces were done by Mc Master eggs counting technique. Serum samples of forty sheep and forty goats positive for fascioliasis and twenty sheep and twenty goats negative for the same were examined for bilirubin and SGOT activities before & after medication with Nitroxynil with a dose rate of 1 ml/20 kg body weight, sub cutaneously. The drug was highly effective in all the infected groups of the animals in eradication of fascioliasis. The efficacy of the drug in the form of the eggs per gram of faeces count was determined and was recorded as 83.907. in sheep and 85.977. in goats.
The mean serum bilirubin value of group "C6" was 0.24 mg/dl, which raised to 0.61 mg/dl, in group "A and to 1.19 mg/di in group "Be". Serum Bilirubin levels of group "Co" was 0.25 mg/dl at day zero while it was 0.69 mg/dl in group "Ag" and 1.09 mg/dl in group "Eg" animals on the same day.
The mean serum bilirubin values of group "C5 and Cg" remained unchanged after 14 days of treatment, while these values were 0.33 mg/dl and 0.33 mg/di in groups "As & Ag" respectively, after 14-days of medication. Similarly in groups "Ba & 8g" the reduction in serum bilirubin after 14- days post treatment also occured and the mean values were recorded as 0.62 mg/di and 0.52 mg/dl respectively.
Pre-medication mean serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities in group "C5 and Cg" were 40.14 units/mi and 40.15 units/mi respectively. The level of SOOT in these groups remained unchanged after medication, while serum 60T values were 86.95 units/mi and 80.77 units/mi in group "As and AQ" and were 96.75 units/mi and 106.27 units/mi in group "B5 and Bg" respectively, before treatment.
After 14 days of treatment with Nitroxynii the SOOT values of the above groups were significantly reduced, and the values recorded were 70.00 and 54.89 units/mi in "A5 and Ag" and 75.47 and 57.88 units/mi in group "Be, Bg" respectively.
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12.
The Efficacy Of Ivomec Injection, A Broad Spectrum Anthelmintic, Against Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes & Lung Work In Sheep
by Karamat Ullah | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: A study was conducted to find outs the efficacy of a newly introduced, ((in Pakistan ) broad-spectrum anthelminitic injection i.e. ivomec (ivermactin H.S.D. Agvet) against the naturally infected sheep in District Guiranwala, Which were very heavily infected with G.I.T. nemtodes and lung worms. The animals were emaciated, in Diarrhoe-al condition, rough wool coat and with cough. (confirmed by feacel egg and larval count examinations).
In total 90 sheep were rendemly selected for this study. They were divided into three equal group each containing 30 animals namely A, B. & C. (Group A positive for G.I.T. nematode infection, group B positive for lung worm infection and group C kept as non-medicated infected control). Group C was further divided into group C1, kept as control against the nematode infected group & Group C2 kept as control against the lung worms infected group.
The drug was used according to the manufacturer recommended dosage i.e. 0.2 mg/kg body weight injection by sub-contaneous route. The drug revealed a high efficacy (100%) against the G.I.T. nematodes and lung' worm infection. The egg counting and larval of lung worms counting was performed on the 0, 3rd, 7th and 10 day of the treatment. The E.P.G. and larval count was 0 at 3rd, 7th and 10th day of treatment which indicated that this drug was 100% effective against- G.I.T. nematodes and lung worms.
A 0.75 kg weight gain was seen in the treated groups while animals of control groups reduced weight. No side effects of medicine were recorded during the experiment.
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