1.
The Incidence Of Ascariasis In Buffalo And Bovine Calves And Chemotherapeutic Trials
by Azhar Mehmood Rana | Haji Ahmed Hashmi | Altaf Hussain Sheikh | Iqbal Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0096,T] (1).
2.
Plating Of Mandibular Fractures In The Equines
by Arshid Haroon Toosy | Muhammed Younis Chaudry | Asif Rabbani | Mazhar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0106,T] (1).
3.
The Camparative Evaluation Of The Standard And Modified Pyloroplasty Technique In The Dog
by Saba Salim | Mukhtar Ahmed Chaudry | Asif Rabbani | Mazhar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0108,T] (1).
4.
Immunological Study Of Coccidiosis In Chickens
by Sarfaraz Ali | Not Available | Not Available | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0109,T] (1).
5.
Comparison Of Piperazine Phosphate And Mansonil Inthe Chemotherapy Of Ascaridia Galli In Poultry
by Sharif, M | Iqbal Ahmed | Mubasher Saeed | Zafar -Ud-Din | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0110,T] (1).
6.
Epidemiological Investigations And Treatment Trials Against Deg Nala Disease
by Fazal Mahmood ul Hassan | Muhammed Athar Khan | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0113,T] (1).
7.
Study Of Healing Process After Various Degrees Of Esophageal Resection In The Dog
by Emmanuel Aziz | M.Younis Chaudry | Asif Rabbani | Mazhar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0115,T] (1).
8.
Epidemiology And Economic Importance Of Various Livestock Diseases In District Lahore
by Yamin, M | Muhammed Athar Khan | Muhammed | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0120,T] (1).
9.
Chemotherapy Of Lungworm Infection In Sheep
by Wahid uz Zaman | Iqbal Ahmed | Ata-ur-Rizvi | Mubasher Saeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0122,T] (1).
10.
Incidence And Chemotherapy Of Ascariasis In Buffalo Calves
by Sarwar Khan, M | Iqbal Ahmed | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1981Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0124,T] (1).
11.
Comparative Efficiency Of Different Sites Of Caesarian Sectin In Goats
by Younis, M | Mian Zafar U Din | Altaf Hussain | Iqbal Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0127,T] (1).
12.
Anthelmintic Efficacy Of Trodax, Zanil And Distodin Against Fascioliasis In Sheep
by Ijaz Ahmad | Iqbal Ahmed | Ata-Ur-Rizvi | Sh. Altaf Hussain | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0128,T] (1).
13.
A Clinico-Pathological Study Of Indigestion In Ruminants
by Faiz ul Haq | Muhammed Tufail Khan | Nusrat Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0129,T] (1).
14.
Preservation Of Irrepairably Traumatized Spleen In The Dog
by Nasir Saleem, M | Mazhar Iqbal | Muhammed Younis Chaudry | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0160,T] (1).
15.
Comparative Efficacy Of Hormonal & Surgical Treatment For Pymetra In The Dog
by Fazle Azim | Mazhar Iqbal | Muhammed | Muhammed Arif Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Pyometra is one of the serious disorders of the female reproductive system in the dog. It can lead to infertility in some cases and death in others. Ovariohysterectomy is believed to be the treatment of choice for pyometra but the reproductive potential of the animal is lost during this process. That is why ovariohysterectomy is of no value in breeding animals. Therefore, there must be an alternative treatment to save the animal and its reproductive ability. This project was designed with the same idea in mind.
For this experiment twenty clinically healthy female mongrel dogs were selected and were injected with progesterone for 5 days to initiate the hyperplasia of their uteri. The cervices of these animals were dilated by giving them Stilboesterol injections for two days. Thereafter pathogenic culture of Escherichia coil was inoculated within the hyperplastic uteri to induce pyometra. Then these animals were reswitched to progesterone therapy for 5 more days/ Pyometra was confirmed by clinical signs and white blood cell counts, which were found increased 2-4 folds, 5-7 days after inoculation.
The diseased animals were divided into two groups, group I (Surgical treatment group) and group II (Hormonal therapy group), consisting of 10 animals each. In the group I, ovariohysterectomy was performed and these animals were divided into two subgroups Ia and lb, consisting of 5 animals each. The animals of group Ia were kept on antibiotics only whereas the animals of group lb were kept on antibiotics and intravenous fluids, post operatively. The animals of group II were kept on Prostaglandins for treatment. This group was also divided into two subgroups Ila and Nb (consisting of 5 animals each). The animals of group Na were kept on antibiotics only and the animals of group lib were kept on antibiotics and intravenous fluids, during the hormonal therapy.
All the animals of surgical treatment group (Ia and Ib) responded to the treatment very nicely and 100 per cent recovery rate was recorded. In the hormonal therapy group (ha and Nb) 60 per cent recovery rate was recorded, as one animal of group Ila died due to shock on the 2nd day of hormonal therapy and one animal did not respond to the hormonal therapy. Among the 5 animals of group lIb, 2 animals did not respond to the treatment. Although 60 per cent recovery rate was observed in the hormonal therapy group but serious side effects of prostaglandins were also noticed (vomiting, restlessness, defecation and urination was observed just after the prostaglandin injection). As far as the supportive therapy (intravenous fluids) was concerned it did not affect the recovery rate of the animals and there was no noticeable difference between the blood analysis and urinalysis of the animals kept on intravenous fluids and those which did not receive intravenous fluids.
The analysis of the results indicated that no doubt ovariohysterectomy has an edge over the prostaglandins therapy in cases of pyometra. However, ovariohysterectomy should be advised in those cases where the dog is a mediocre one and the owner is interested in saving the life and not the reproductive potential of the animal. But in cases where the dog belongs to a breeding stock with a very good pedigree record, and the owner is particularly interested in her reproductive ability, one should not hesitate to try the hormonal therapy, as based upon the findings of this research at least 60 per cent chances exists to get that end.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0208,T] (1).
16.
Anthelmintic Efficacy Of Melia Azedarach Linn. Oxfendazole, Febantel And Thiophanate Against Gastro-Intestinal
by Khalid Pervaiz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Khalid Saeed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present project was designed with the objective to test the anthelinintic efficacy of Helia azedarach Linn. against Trichostrangylids infection in sheep.
During the first phase of study anthelmintic efficacy of Melia azedarach Linn, fruit was tested at different dosage levels but anthelmintic efficacy was not observed at the dosage levels of 10mg to 1gm per kg body weight. Seeds of Melia azedarach were also tested for their antheirnintic efficacy but no anthelmintic effect was observed at the dosage levels of 10mg to 40mg per kg body weight. It was concluded in the first phase of study that Melia azedarach Linn. fruit and seed have no anthelmintic effect against G.I.T nematodes (Trichostrongylids) infection in sheep. During the second phase of this project clinical trials were conducted to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Melia azedarach Linn (fruit), Qxfendazole (systamex) Febantel (Rintal), and thiophanate (Nemafax) against the Trichostrongylids infection in sheep under field conditions. Results of second experiment confirmed the zero percent anthelmintic efficacy of Nelia azedarach Linn. (fruit) at the dosage level of 1gnj./kg body weight in sheep.Anthelmintic efficacy of Oxfendazole (4.5 mg/kg) Febantel (5mg/kg) and thiphanate (50mg/kg) was observed to be 100% 99.43% and 96.32% respectively against G.I.T. nematodes infection in sheep
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0223,T] (1).
17.
Studies On The Efficacy Of Indigenous Drugs Against Fascioliasis In Buffaloes
by Shafeeq-ur-Rahman Kailani | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Experiments have been carried out to study the antifasciolic effects of the powdered plant drugs including Nigella sativa (seeds), Fumaria paryiflora (aerial parts) and Caesalpinia crista(seeds) in buffaloes suffering naturally from fascioliasis. The chronological effects of these indigenous drugs on a reduction of faeeal EPG counts of the experimental arLimala on 3rd, 10th and 15th day post medication were recorded. All the drugs, in the presiribed dose levels were administered orally as a single dose treatment to the animals of specified drug and dose group.
Incidence of fascioliasis from random samplings were found to be 3306±0.74 percent arid from symptomatically selected samples to be 64±3.18 percent.
All the crude drugs were found to cause a chronological increase in their percentage efficacies against chronic fascioliasis, when tested on post-treatment days 3rd, 10th and 15th. Both the parameters C dosage level as well as the post treatment days ) caused significant effects on the efficacies in all the drugs, as indicated by the values of their F-ratios. All the drugs showed the upper most dosage level (L3) to be the optimum dosage level with a highly significant (P<0.005) decrease in the egg-counts on all the post treatment days checked. On the post treatment day 3rd, all the drugs caused a non-significant decrease in the egg-counts at their lowest dosage level, a significant change at their upper dosage level and a highly significant decrease at their upper most dosage level (L3). However within the prescribed dosage levels, none of the drugs could decrease the egg-counts to zero(0), on post treatment day 15th, indicating that some betterment, of course, would be possible by a slight increase in the dosage levels in all the drugs. Maximum efficacy, on the basis of percentage egg- count reductions(s), was shown by Fumaria paryiflora (Shahtera) (93.15+ 0.51), while Caesalpinia crista (Karanjwa) (89.67+1.7) and Nigella stiva (karanjwa) (88.17±0.41 percent) indicated to he on second and third position respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0224,T] (1).
18.
Epidemiological Investigations And Economic Losses Of Camel Diseases In District Rajanpur
by Ayub, M | Muhammed Athar Khan | Muhammed Sarwer khan | Rashid Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: An epidemiological investigation was conducted to study the prevalence (Morbidity & Mortality) and economic importance of major/various camel diseases of district Rajan Pur. Out of a total number of 183 villages of Tehsil Rajan Pur, 10 % villages were randomly selected. The data on various camel diseases of preceding one year was collected and recorded on prescribed proforma designed particularly after directly interviewing the farmer. The blood samples of surra suspected animals were collected and serum samples were submitted to laboratory of medicine section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore.
In pursuance of present study, the data was analysed statistically and conclusions drawn were as under. Morbidity rates of various diseases were as under. Colic 0.67%., Diarrhoea 2.91%., Fractures 0.22%., Kapali 0.44%., Mange 52.24%. Paralysis 0.44%., Pneumonia 8.96%., Rheumatism 2.69%., Reproductive diseases 5.82%., Surra 12.55%., Sudden death 0.44%. and Wounds & tbsceses 3.81%.
Mortality and case fatality rates were; Diarrhoea (0.22%. & 7.69%.), Kapali (0.44%. & 100%.), Mange (12.33%. & 23.60%.) Paralysis (0.44%. & 100%.), Pneumonia (1.56%. & 17.5%.) Rheumatism (0.22%. & 8.33%.), Reproductive diseases(0.67% and 11.53%.), Surra (5.38%. & 42.85%.), Sudden death (0.44%. & 100%.) and wounds and Abscesses (0.22%. & 5.88%.) respectively.
Economic losses incurred due to various camel diseases in District Rajanpur during the year 1991-92 were a Colic (Rs.2250.00), Diarrhoea (Rs..23040.00), Fracture (Rs..3390.00), Kapali (Rs.18000.00), Mange (Rs.589200.00), Paralysis (Rs.11000.00), Pneumonia (Rs.74700.00), Rheumatism (Rs.25195.00), Reproductive diseases (Rs.340420.00), Surra (Rs.275440.00), Sudden death (Rs.17000.00) and Wounds & Abscesses (Rs.25760.00).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0296,T] (1).
19.
Drug Traisl On Escherichia Coli Isolated From Broilers
by Khaliq Shafi | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Pakistan is basically an Agricultural country whose economy largely hinges upon its animal wealth. Poultry industry which Is recognized as one of the major emerging fields In the country is confronting with many a baffling malady which often leave the Industry at a growing disadvantage. Escherichla coil, one of the most abundantly Incriminated organism in avian ailments, is reckoned to be one of the major culprits that wreaks havoc on the steeply proliferating poultry industry.
The present project made an effort to study the efficacy of different drugs on various prevalant strains of E. coll isolated from broilers that were submitted for postmortem at V.R.I. and C.V.S. Lahore.
Twelve different antibacterial drugs which Included doxycycline, Inoxyl, oxytertracycline, ampicillin, colistin, trimethoprim, flumequlne, furazolidone, tylosin, furadantin clamoxyl and gentamicin were used to observe the sensitivity of the isolates. In-vitro gentamicin, -flumequine, inoxyl and clamoxyl emerged as drugs of choice in order of their decreasing importance in this experiment.
The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was tested In Swiss white mice. After viable count, ten mice were injected intraperltonenily with the suspension of the Isolated strain at a dose rate of 0.25 ml having 3x10'8 bacteria while ten mice were kept as controls.
The four best drugs were further tested for their efficiency in protecting the birds from E. coil infection. A total of 180 birds reared upto four weeks of age were divided into six groups viz. A to F, each consisting of 30 birds. Group A was kept as uninfected and untreated while to the group B infection was given but no treatment. The remaining groups I .e. C, 0, E and F after infection were treated with Inoxyl, gentamicin, clamoxyl and fiuinequine respectively. All the groups were kept under close observation and their mortality and feed efficiency was recorded. Maximum mortality was recorded in group B i.e. 54.5'l% while in the group C, 0, E and F the mortality recorded was 25%, 42.85%, 40.90% and 27.77% respectively.
According to this trial Inoxyl afforded maximum protection against the Infection and proved best In relation to F.C.R. Flumequlne stood in second in the list while clamoxyl was next best drug in furnishing protection against the Infection whereas gentamicin was the least best drug in this regard.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0305,T] (1).
20.
Efficacy Of Different Ionophorus Antibiotics Against Coccidiosis In Poultry
by Shafique Butt, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Two hundred day old broiler chicks were purchased from a local hatchery and reared up to four weeks of age in hygienic conditions. After four weeks of age, chicks were divided randomly into four groups. Group A was kept as control, group B as infected non treated, group C as monensin treated and group D as salinomycin treated.
After four weeks of age, chicks of group B,. C and D were infected with mixed infection of avian Eimeria species, while group A was kept as control. Signs and symptoms of coccidiosis appeared after seven days of infection. After appearance of signs and symptoms the birds of group C and D were treated with monensin and salinomycin.
The effect of medication on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, oocyst count and dressing percentage were recorded weekly upto 7 week of age. There was significant difference (p<O.05) of feed intake between group B, C and D. Maximum feed intake was in group B, followed by group A, D and C respectively. Weight gain was maximum of group A followed by group B, D and group C respectively.
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control group A was better than all other groups while feed conversion ratio of group B (infected nontreated) was poor than all other groups.
Oocysts count was zero after six days of medication in group C (monensin treated) while it was zero after eight days of treatment in group D (salinomycin treated). Oocyst count was 120,000 oocysts/gm of faeces in group B (infected nontreated) after 49 days of age. While it remained zero through out the experiment in control group (group A). Mortality was maximum (33.50%) in group B (infected non treated) followed by in group D (10.22%) and group C (6.77%) respectively. While mortality remained zero in group A (control). Dressing percentage was better in group A (69.39%) followed by group D (65.30%), group C (63.07%) and group B (60.01%) respectively.
Observing the effects of monensin and salinomycin on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, oocysts count and dressing percentage in experimentally infected (coccidiosis) chickens, it was concluded that monensin has comparatively better results than salinomycin.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0319,T] (1).
21.
Epidemiological Investigation Into Economically Important Livestock Diseases In District Murdan
by Ibrahim, M | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Mubasher | Muhammed Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted in Tehsil Mardan. The data was collected by a Survey on the basis of comprehensive questionnaire through personal interview of livestock owners at their places.
In pursuance of the present study the data was analysed and the main conclusions drawn were as under. The incidence, mortality and fatality rates due to H.S. were in young buffaloes 10.89% 10.39% and 95.45% respectively. In adult buffaloes were 5.92%, 4.24% and 71 .73% respectively. The incidence, mortality and fatality rates in young cattle were 2.45%, 2.30%, 93.75% respectively. While in adult cattle it was 1 .28%, 0.64% and 50% respectively.
The Mortality rates of various diseases were as Black quarter disease 0.61% in Young and 0.88% in adult cattle. Haemoglobinurea in buffalo 0.32% and in cows 0.10% Diarrhoea in Buffalo 0.14% and in cattle was 0.21%, while diarrhoea in sheep 1.59% and in goats 1.12% post-parturient prolapse in buffalo 0.65% and 0.20% in cows.
In case of foot and mouth disease in young buffaloes incidence was 14.52% and in adult 15.05%. In cattle incidence was 15.33% in young and in adult 13.97%. The incidence of mastitis in buffaloes, cattle and goats were 3.60% 2.51% and 2.65% respectively. In case of milk fever the incidence in buffaloes was 2.78% and 0.70% in cows. Similarly, the incidence in case of preparturient prolapse was 3.92% and 1 .30% respectively. The incidence of abortion in buffaloes and cattle was 1.14% and 1.20% respectively, while in case of sheep and goats it was 1 .84% and 2.65% respectively. In case of Enterotoxaemia in young goat the morbidity, mortality and fatality rates were 8.56% 7.37% and 86.00% respectively. In adult goats 6.99%, 5.54% and 79.31% respectively. In case of young sheep incidence, mortality and fatality rates were 5.62%, 5.29% and 94.11%, while in adult sheep it was8.83%, 6.41% and 72.51% respectively.
A monetary toss of Rs. 9,44,992/- was estimated annually in buffaloes, cattle sheep and goats due to various diseases in surveyed area in District Mardan.
It was evident from the information gathered from the respondents that the livestock owners residing at distant places from a veterinary Hospital were not able to utilize the hospital facilities properly.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0334,T] (1).
22.
Efficacy Of Ivermectin Against Ecto & Endo Parasites In Equine
by Hameed, A | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The project was designed to find out the efficacy of ivermectin against ecto. and endoparasites in equine. Fifty naturally infested equine were selected for treatment trials and divided into three groups i.e., A (endoparasites) 20 animals, B (ectoparasites) 20 animals and C (both endo. and ectoparasites) 10 animals.
The comparative anthelmintic trials were conducted on 20 gastro-intestinal nernatodes infested animals of group A (A-i and A-2). 10 animals (group A-I) were medicated with Ivomec mi. (0.2 mg/kg body weight.) subcutaneously and 10 animals (group A-2) were administered with Rintal granulate (6 mg/kg body weight) orally in feed. The percentage efficacy was based on the reduction in number of egg discharged in faeces, post-medication. The percentage efficacy observed was 99.26% and 95.65% in the animals medicated with Ivomec inj. and Rintal granulate respectively on 14th day of post medication.
The comparative acaricidal drug trials were conducted on 20 ectoparasitic infested equine of group B (B-i and 13-2). 10 animals (group B-i) were injected subcutaneously with Ivomec (0.2 mg/kg body weight) and 10 animals (group B-2) were once sprayed with Asuntol 0.1% solution. The cure percentage was determined on the basis of negative skin scraping samples on 14th day oF post- treatment. The cure percentage was 70% and 50% in the animals treated with ivomec inj. and Asuntol solution spray respectively.
The efficacy of Ivomec subcutaneous injection (0.2 mg/kg body weight) was assessed in the 10 animals of group C infested with both G.I.T. nernatodes and ectoparasites. On the 14th day of postmedication the drug was l00% effective against G.I.T. nematodes and 80% against ectoparasites in equine.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0339,T] (1).
23.
Anthelmintic Efficacy Of Caesalpinia Crista, Ivermactin, Levemisole And Oxfendazole Against Toxocara Vitulorum
by Saeed Ahmad sindhu | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahimad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present project was designed to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Caesalpinia crista Linn. seed (Karanjwa) at different dosage levels against Toxocara vitualorum infection in buffalo calves.
During the both phases of first experiment, anthelmintic efficacy of Caesalpinia crista Linn. seed (powder) was tested at different dosage levels but anthelmintic efficacy was not observed at the dosage levels ranging from 2 gm to 6 gm/kg body weight. It was concluded in the first experiment that Caesalpinia crista Linn. seeds have no anthelmintic efficacy against Toxocara vitulorum infection in buffalo calves.
During the second experiment clinical trials were conducted to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Caesalpinia crista Linn. seeds (Karanjwa), Ivermectin (Ivomec), Levamisole (Anthelmine) and Oxfendazole (Systarnex) against Toxocara vitulorum infection in buffalo calves under field conditions. Again results of second experiment support the zero percent (0%) anthelmintic efficacy of . crista Linn seeds (Powder) at the dosage level of 4 gm/kg body weight against vitulorum in buffalo calves.
Anthelmintic efficacy of Ivermectin. (Ivomec, I ml/50 kg body weight), Levamisole (Anthelmine 1 ml/15 mg body weight) and oxfendazole (systamex 1 ml/5 kg body weight) was observed to be 99.30%, 98.30% and 100% respectively against Toxocara vitulorum infection in buffalo calves.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0360,T] (1).
24.
Efficacy Of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Against Haemorrhogic Septicaemia Under Field Conditions In Buffalo Calves
by Sharif Masih | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. MuhammadSarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the efficacy of anoxicillin trihydrate (Claiioxyl L.A. Beechaji) and sulfadinidine 33.3% (Diadine, Pfizer) against Haemorrhagic Septieaemia in Buffalo calves under field conditions. Thirty animals were treated with axioxicillin and thirty with sulfadimidine. Pasteürella Lultocida was isolated from these animals using tryptose ager in the laboratory and their pathogenicity was also tested in rabbits.. Severity index of each animal was recorded before and after treatment based on clinical symptoms of disease exhibited by each animal. Improvement in disease condition leading to death or recovery were recorded for each group.
Results of these trials indicated that anoxicillin at the rate of 15mg/kg was 93.33% effective in the improvement of clinical cases where as sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) was 40% effective. Sulfadimidinè was not effective in the later stages of the disease whereas anoxicillin was effective in early as well as later stages of the disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0368,T] (1).
25.
Comparative Efficacy Of Various Drugs Against Experimentally Induced Mycoplasmosis In Quails
by Ayaz Issac J.S.Lall | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Dr. Hajid | Dr. Mohammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0377,T] (1).
26.
Efficacy Of Ivermectin (Ivomec) Against Mange Mites And Warbles In Goats
by Saleem Qasur | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0380,T] (1).
27.
An Epidemiological & Haematological Correlation Between Healthy & Tuberculous Indigenous Birds
by Azeem Ijaz | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A total of 250 desi birds, selected randomly, from different villages of district Lahore, were divided into two groups. The group-I composed of 125 apparently healthy birds whereas 125 apparently weak and emaciated birds were present in group-IT. Avian tuberculin test was employed to diagnose the tuberculosis. A 0.1 ml of avian tuberculin (MCSM) procured from VRI, Lahore, was injected into left wattle whereas right wattle was kept as uninjected control and test was read after 48 hours. Only 6 birds (2.4%), all belonged to group-IT, were found tuberculin positive. Haematological studies of these six tuberculin positive birds were carried out along with 10 healthy desi birds for comparison. There was decrease in erythrocytic count (EC), haemoglobin value (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV). The average values of EC, Hb and PCV of infected birds were 1.94x106/µ1, 8.86 g/dl and 22.69% respectively. On the other hand, leukocytic count (LC) was increased and found to be 37.33x10/il on average. A significant change in differential leukocytic count (DLC) was also observed with an increase in the proportion of polymorphs and monocytes and fall in lymphocytes. The lymphocyte to heterophils ratio was the inverse of that in healthy birds. On post-mortem, a large number of tubercles of varying size were noticed on liver, spleen and intestines. No birds showed lung lesion except one.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0389,T] (1).
28.
Bioavailability Of Gentamicin In Male Buffalo Calves
by Hasan Raza, S | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Prof. Dr. Saghir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin sulphate were investigated in the same 20-male buffalo calves heal thy after intravenous administration and after intramuscular administration. The blood samples were collected at various time intervals following administration of single dose of 4 mg/kg. The concentrations of Gentamicin in serum samples were determined according to the microbiological assay described by Arret (1971). The plasma concentrations of gentarnicin at different time intervals after injections were plotted on semi-logarithmic graph paper. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated according to the method described by Gibaldi (1984). Results were expressed as mean ± SD.
The peak concentration of 11.273 ± 0.4976 µg/ml reached in 31.092 ± 1.217 minutes after intramuscular injection. Keeping intravenous as standard the relative bioavailability after injection was 82.5%.
The half-life was 97.29 ± 5.259 minutes after I/v injection mean ± SD, volume of distribution was 202.36 ± 8.486 ml/kg/ The volume of distribution at steady stage (Vdss ) was 214.67 ± 20.99 ml/mm. The total body clearance of gentamicin was 1.7382 ± 0.0738 ml/kg.
Pharmacokinetics parameters of gentamicin were seemed to be independent of rout of administration at the dosage level applied.
The pharmacokinetics evaluation by compartmental method and non-compartmental method was not found significantly different.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0390,T] (1).
29.
Effect Of Glucocorticoids Alongwith Antimicrobial Drugs Against Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Buffalo
by Ramzan, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Two long acting antibiotic preparations of oxytetracycline and amoxicillin were used in these trials against Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, singly and alongwith a combination of synthetic glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone and prednisolone).
Eighty buffalo calves suffering from Haemorrhagic Septicaemia were selected and treated under field conditions. Weighted clinical score was recorded before and after treatment in each case, on the basis of severity of clinical symptoms. Reduction in this score and recovery or death of animal was also noted.
It was concluded that amoxicillin was more effective than oxytetracycline and the addition of glucocorticoids reduced the convalescence period and also increased the survival rate. Therefore long acting amoxicillin alongwith Dexamethosone and prednisolone is recommended as the successful therapy for Haemorrhagic septicaemia.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0420,T] (1).
30.
Efficacy Of Ivermectin And Coumaphos Against Ectoparasites In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Nadeem Haider, Syed | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmed | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The project was designed to find out the efficacy of ivermectin and Coumaphos against ectoparasites in cattle and buffaloes. Thirty buffaloes infested for ectoparasites were selected for the treatment trials and divided into three groups i.e. Bi, B2 and B3 having ten animals in each group and thirty cattle infested for ectoparasites were selected for the treatment trials and also were divided into Cl, C2 and C3 groups.
The comparative acaricidal drug trials were conducted on 20 infested animals against ectoparasites of group BI and Cl having ten animal in each were medicated with Ivermectin (lvomec: MSD) injected once by s/c route at dose rate of 200 pg/kg body weight. Observation were made on 7th and 14th day post-medication. Skin scrapping examination was done. The overall efficacy of invermectin on 7th and 14th day in buffaloes was 40% and 80% and in cattle 50% and 90% respectively.
The comparative acaricidal drug trials were conducted on 20 infested animals for ectoparasites of B2 and C2 having ten animals in each were treated with Coumaphos (Asuntol: Bayer) at the dose rate of 30-50 gm/animal. On the 7th and 14th day post medication skin scraping examination was done. The efficacy of Coumaphos on 7th and 14th day in buffaloes was 50%, 50% and in cattle 70%, 70% respectively.
Animals were also observed for any side effect of both medicine. No side effects were observed during the period from treatment to last observation in any group i.e. groups BI, Cl and B2, C2 groups. On last observation no spontaneous recovery was noted. In B3 and C3 in untreated and control groups.
From the results of present study it is concluded that Ivermectin (Ivomec MSD) is the drug of choice for the treatment of ectoparasites in cattle and buffaloes when it is given at the dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg body weight by subcutaneous injection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0422,T] (1).
31.
Evaluation Of Uretero Jejunocolostomy For Urinary Diversion In The Dog
by Aneeta Hussain | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Urinary diversion is the procedure adopted for urine expulsion in the most natural way, in the absence of the urinary bladder. In the beginning of the twentieth century many surgeons of human side as well as veterinarians used intestines for performing urinary diversion. They adopted many methods for this purpose but only a few were found to be successful. These procedures were used to relieve the animal from malignant bladder carcinomas, severe damage of bladder and urethra during accidents, and extrophy of urinary bladder etc. These diseases mostly cause urinary discomfort, incontinence of urine and painless heamaturia and cystectomy becomes a necessity.
During this study fifteen healthy dogs of either sex were used. Laparotormy was performed under aseptic precautions. The small intestine was exteriorized through. the incision and the terminal portion of jejunum was identified. A 6-8 cm portion of the jejunurn was selected and milked to clear it of from the feacal materials. This portion was isolated from rest of the intestinal tract with the Doyen's intestinal clamps and was cut off with its mesenteric blood supply remaining intact. The continuity of the small bowel was restored by end to end anastomosis. The vent in mesentery was closed by simple continuous sutures. The isolated Jejunal segment was wrapped in a piece of gauze soaked in normal saline.
The urinary bladder was emptied in females by gentle digital pressure and in males by mean of a disposable syringe. The ureters were amputated obliquely down to the trigone area and bladder was excised. Afterwards one end of the Jejunal segment was closed by lambert sutures. A small hole was created on the right side at the upper third portion which cut through the first three layers. From this hole a 2 cm long submucosal tunnel was created going towards the open end of the segment. The cut end of the ureter was sutured to the mucosa of the Jejunal segment using 3/o prolyene simple interrupted sutures. On the left side of the segment the other ureter was implanted similarly.
A longitudinal incision equal to the diameter of jejunal segment was made at the antimesenteric border of the distal portion of colon. The open end of jejunal segment was implanted here using 3/0 chromic catgut via side to end anastomosis with simple I nierrupted crushing sutures, thus creating an intestinal bladder. Finally the abdomen was closed in routine manner. It was concluded on the basis of this study that:
1. Viable segment of small bowel with blood and nerve supply intact can be used as a bladder.
2. Voiding occurs in the most natural possible way without any need of an external reservoir.
3. There was no ascending infection, so kidneys remained normal.
4. Use of antibiotics for rest of the life was not needed.
The successful attempt of making a new bladder strengthened the belief in cases where there was no other way of saving the animal's life except surgical intervention. So the veterinarian should involve himself with the core of his heart in the operative procedure with the aim of achieving good results. Whether he loses or gains, he must have a satisfaction of being loyal to his profession.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0423,T] (1).
32.
Comparative Evaluation Of Esophagotomy In The Equine With And Without Pharyngostomy Tube
by Safdar Hamid, Bhatti | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Mohammad | Dr. Muhammad Younis h | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The esophagus is one of the important parts of gastrointestinal tract of the animals. It is a specialized organ, serving to carry food from pharynx to the stomach. There are so many anomalies associated with esophagus like obstruction due to foreign bodies, tumors, strictures, diverticula and stenosis. Esophageal obstruction (choke) in equines can occur as a result of food impaction, orally administered caustic or corrosive medicinal agents and trauma to the neck. Choke is most commonly caused by food impaction, which can result in circumferential mucosal damage and subsequent esophageal strictures. The mega-esophagus may lead to pneumonia as a result of aspiration of ingesta. The diagnosis is based on the history and clinical signs. In all such cases esophagotomy is the only solution to the problem, as the conservative treatment does not help the animal.
To carry out this experimental study 15 donkeys were divided into four groups. Group-I comprised of seven animals, Group-IT and III had three animals each and group-TV consisted of two animals. In group-I, the esophagus was incised longitudinally and closed in two layers. After closure of esophagotomy the pharyngostomy tube was passed for feeding purpose. In group II and III the esophagotomy procedure was the sam as in group I, but the animals were fed without pharyngostomy tube after surgery. The animals of group II, were kept on intravenous therapy for the first 72 hours and then shifted to the liquid diet per orum. Whereas the animals of group III were kept on liquid diet for the first seven days and then to the pelleted diet till 15th post-operative day. From then onward they were fed solid food orally. The esophagotomy incision in group IV was not sutured. These animals acted as control and were allowed to eat solid food orally from the very first post-operative day. The animals of each group were closely watched during the experimental period for seroma, leakage and infection. The tabulated and graphic results indicated that the animals of group II showed better results than the animals of group I, III and IV because:
i) The esophagotomy incision healed through first intention.
ii) No signs of dehiscence or leakage were noticed.
iii) As the animals were kept on parenteral therapy for the first 72 hours, it helped in good mucosal healing and no leakage was seen.
iv) The necropsy finding revealed, that the mucosal and muscular layers healed excellently.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0427,T] (1).
33.
Extra Articular Substitution Of The Cranial Cruciate Ligament With Patellar Tendon
by Huma Noor | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Mubasher | Dr. Muhammed Younas | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament is the most common cause of hind-limb lameness in the dog. Many techniques have been used for the repair of ruptured cranial cruciate ligament including intra-articular techniques both using synthetic and viable materials.
Viable materials have proved better then synthetic due to lesser chances of rejection and infection. Extra-articular techniques are also though better than intra-articular repairs as whole of the joint is manipulated in the latter which increases the chances of trauma.
In this project 12 dogs were used in which 2 were the control dogs.
The dogs underwent repair of the ruptured cranial cruciate ligament by using extra-articular technique in which a strip of the patellar ligament along with the superficial half of the patella was screwed to the lateral side of the lateral femoral condyle in a way to eliminate the cranial drawer sign. The joint was approached through a medial parapatellar artrotomy. In the control dogs the cranial cruciate ligament was cut but not repaired.
All the dogs were kept in Kennel cages for a period of twelve weeks and evaluated clinically by various physical tests at regular interval. Euthanasia was performed after twelve weeks and the stifle joints of all the operated dogs were explored for gross abnormalities. In case of the repaired dogs, majority of the results confirmed that the joints remained stable throughout the experimental period. However, in case of control dogs the post-euthanasia evaluation was clearly indicative of the complete rupture of cranial cruciate ligaments. Hence it was seen that the surgical technique used in this study provided adequate stability to the stifle joints in which the cranial cruciate ii gament was ruptured experimentally.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0431,T] (1).
34.
Efficacy Of Various Ionophorous Antibiotics Against Coccidiosis In Quails
by Riaz Ahmad Khan | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Two hundred and fifty, day old quail chicks were pruchased from a local hatchery and reared up to three weeks of age under hygienic conditions. After three weeks of age, quails were divided randomly into five groups. Group A was kept as control, group B as infected non treated, group C as monensin treated, group D as salinomycin treated and group E as suiphaquinoxalim treated.
After three weeks of age, groups B, C, D, and E were infected orally with mixed infection of avian Eimeria species, while group A was kept as control. Signs and symptoms of coccidiosis apperared after six days of infection. After apperarance of signs and symptoms the birds of group C and D were treated with monensin and salinomycin and group E treated with sulphaquinoxaline.
The effect of medication on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, oocyst count and dressing percentage were recorded weekly upto 6 weeks of age. There was significant difference (P<O.05) of feed intake between group B, C, D and E. Maximum feed intake was in group A, followed by group E, C, D, and B, respectively. Weight gain was maximum of group A followed by group E, C, D, and B respectively.
The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control group A, was better than all other groups while feed conversion ratio of group B (infected nontreated) was poor than all other groups.
Oocysts count was zero on six days post of medication in group C, (monensin treated) while it was zero after eight days of treatment in group D (salinomycin treated) and oocyst count was zero after four days of medication in group E (suiphaquinoxaline treated). Oocyst count was 32.000 oocystlgm faeces in group B (infected nontreated) after 42 days of age. While it remained zero through out the experiment in control group (group A). Mortality was maximum (10%) in group B (infected non trearted) followed by in group D (4%) and group C, and group E (2%) respectively. While mortality remained zero in group A (control). Dressing percentage was better in group A (62.02%) followed by group E (59.2 1%), group C (58.45%) respectively.
Observing the effects of sulphaquinoxaline monensin and salinomycin on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, oocysts count and dressing percentage in experimentally infected (coccidiosis) quails, it was concluded that sulphaquinoxaline has comparatively better results than monensin and salinomycin.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0468,T] (1).
35.
Comparative Evaluation Of Uretero Jejunostomy & Uretero Gastrostomy In The Dog
by Nabila Yousaf Ch | Dr.Mazhar Iqbal | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhammad Younis | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Cases of rupture of urinary bladder, cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder or urethra and extrophy of urinary bladder are all important conditions in which urinary diversions is recommended. Many surgeons in madical field as well as Veterinaians have had tried and reported various corrective surgical procedures. In the past several attempts have been made in which the bladder was excised and ureters were implanted in colon (large intestine). But satisfactory results were not obtained because the bacterial count in the colon is much higher which resulted in ascending infection towards kidneys and caused Hydro-nephritis, pylonephritis or gastro-intestinal disturbances (1979, Boree).
Beside these complications, the advantage of this surgery was that the animal would be cured from all those diseases of urinary bladder or urethra which do not respond to other form of therapy. However, the aforementioned problems of pyelonephritis etc. and the life long cover of antibiotics to combat them. Thus compels the clinician to think of some better procedures, a new project comprising ureterojejunostomy and ureterogastrostomy was designed.
Eighteen healthy dogs of both sexes were used for this experimental implantation of ureters in the stomach (pyloric antrum) into the mid and distal jejunum. The urinary bladder was emptied by gentle digital pressure and excised completely after amputating the ureters obliquely down to the trigone area. The cut ends of the ureters were wrapped in sponge moistened with saline. An entrotomy incision about 5 ems long was given on the selected segment of mid or distal jejunum 10 ems cranial to this incision a small nick in between the mesenteric and antimesenteric border was made going through the first three layers. Through the nick 1.5 cm submucosal tunnel was created going towards the entrotomy incision. The ureter was pulled into the lumen of the intestine through this tunnel. The cut end of the ureter was spatulated and sutured to the intestinal mucosa using 3/0 prolyene simple interrupted sutures. The other ureter was similarly implanted on the other side of the jejunum. With the help of a probe the patency of ureter was checked and entretomy incision was closed using 2/0 chromic catgut simple interrupted crushing sutures. Finally the abdomen was closed in routine manner.
In the dogs of group No.3 the ureters were implanted in the least vescular part of the pyloric antrum through gastrotomy incision using the same procedure explained above.
It was concluded on the basis of this study that:
1) Pressure within the jejunum and stomach interfered with drainage and forced air, food particles and organisms up to the renal pelvis.
2) As the stomach and jejunum were acting as reservoir and the urine was in contact with the wall for a longer period, reabsorption of urinary solutes occured and resulted in azotemia.
3) The typical changes were hyperchloraemic acidosis with potassium depletion and this occured in every patient with uretro-jej unostomy and uretero-gastrostomy diversion.
4) When severe the patient developed loss of appetite, weakeness, thirst, listless, coma and died.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0470,T] (1).
36.
A Study Of Changes In Blood Electrolytes And Pcv In Equine Colic
by Mazhar Ayaz, M | Dr. Khalid Pervaz | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Besides mechanized transportation horses have still global importance not only for the communication but it is thought as symbol of superiority in many countries of the world. Horses are confronted with colic once in their life span that some times results in uncompareable loss to the owner. Only a timely and accurate diagnosis is the beacon of hope to save the life. To study the effects of colic on PCV and Blood Electrolytes, twenty horses suffering from colic were taken into investigation to asses the site and type of colic, while ten normal horses were kept as control. Diseased horses were divided into three groups A, B & C mild, moderate and severe respectively. Physical signs of group A were of mild nature comprising swishing of the tail, looking at the flank and lying down for the short periods, while group B showed moderate pain like lying down but not violently and increased bouts of pain. Animals in group C exhibited signs of severe pain by showing severe depression, restlessness, patchy sweating, struggling violently and kicking at the belly due to sharp continuous pain. The heart rate, respiration and rectal temperature in all groups was increased. Rectal palpation was performed in all groups to determine the site of the disease. Changes found in blood electrolytes like Na+, K+, C1- and HCO3 were measured by flame photometry. Group A, B and C showed decrease in Na+, and HCO3 concentration in serum while concentration of K and C1 in serum were normal in all groups. PCV was measured by Wintrobe micro-haematocrit method in all groups. Group A and C showed normal PCV but it was lower in group B. These all observations showed that the animals of group A were suffering from impaction of ileacaecal valve. Pain was not so severe nature that may cause death in colic cases while the animals in group B were showing signs of spasmodic colic. The abnormalities were not so severe to threat the life of the animal but were elevated than the normal. Group C was considerably serious that might lead to death if unattended because the variations and findings were similar with obstruction of small intestine. The serum electrolytes in this group were increased than the other two groups alongwith the elevated respiration, heart rate and rectal temperature that were helping in assessing the condition of the animal. PCV was the reliable tool to know the degree of dehydration in the severe cases. Rectal palpation helped in differentiating the various segments of the intestines involved and the severity of the disease in the diseased animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0472,T] (1).
37.
Helminthiasis: Its Dissemination And Treatment With Fenbendazole In The Migrating Sparrows
by Ali Razmaara, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to bust upon the worm load in the naturally parasitized migratory sparrows, and also to determine the effect of worm load on the blood picture. Furthemore the effect of broad spectrum anthelmintic like Panacur (fenbendazole) in the experimental group in terms of eggs per gm. of faeces pre and post medication.
For this experiment 400 live migratory sparrows were purchased randomly, out of which 200 birds were slaughtered and an incidence of 64.5% parasitic fauna was found. Sparrows were found infected, with two species of nematode i.e. Ascaridia gaul was 39.5% and Heterakis gallinarum was 25% respectively. None of the bird was found infected with trematode and cestode.
The hematology of the above 64.5% parasitized sparrows was performed. The study revealed that due to nematode infection there was a slight increase in Total leucocytic count and Heterophils whereas the Total erythrocytic count, Haernoglobin level, Lymphocytes and Eosinophils were decreased which may lead to anemia, loss of growth and production.
From the left 200 wild naturally parasitized sparrows, 86 (43%) birds were found positive. These sparrows were divided into two groups one was left as control and the other group was subjected to drug efficacy. Panacur (fenbendazole) at the rate of 9.9 mg/kg body weight which was given orally. The results were observed in terms of eggs per gm. of faeces pre and post medication after 24, 48 and 96 hours respectively. The control group showed progressive increase in ova count i.e. 12.82%, 24.79% and 48.72% respectively, whereas reduction in the ova count of the medicated group was gradually observed as 83.72%, 92.25% and 95.35%.
The poultry breeders and scientists are urged to make an effort how the wild birds could mechanically transmit the parasites from one region to another. An attempt should also be made for the better understanding of bacterial and viral infections dissemination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0474,T] (1).
38.
A Comparative Study Of Different Anaesthetic Combinations In Equine
by Sajid Ijaz | Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Mubasher | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: These days the scope of anaesthesia is consistently increasing due to increase in surgical patients in veterinary practice. This change in trend is due to the awareness of the owners to different surgical problems and their solutions. They do not hesitate to get their animals treated with modern equipments and highly expensive medicine. To meet this challenge and demand of the owners, veterinary surgeons are taking keen interest to get the advanced knowledge and latest information of modern equipments and their usage in veterinary practice.
In the past surgery was performed by making temporary insensibility by asphyxiation, cerebral concussion by striking wooden bowl placed over the head with a hammer and a regional anaesthesia was attained by compression of nerves and blood vessels of the region to he operated upon. But these days different sedative and anaesthetic agents are being used to make the animal desensitize from all external stimuli. These drugs are available in volatile, nonvolatile and gaseous forms. The usage of anaesthetic agent entirely depends upon the species, age, weight, temperament of the patient, nature of the operation to he performed, cost and availability of the drug.
In this project three different combinations were tried in thirty animals of equine species to find out the best selection for major surgical interventions. The animals were divided into three groups often animal each. These groups were designated as Group A, B and C. Group A was anaesthetized with XylazineiPentothal sodium, Group B with Acepromazine/Pentothal sodium and Group C with Diazepam/Pentothal sodium. The efficacy of these combinations was measured on the basis of nature of induction, recumbency period, nature of recovery, different body reflexes, recording temperature, pulse, respiration, and statistical analysis of results.
The analysis of the results collected during this study clearly indicated that a combination of cliazepam with pentothal sodium was a better selection for anaesthetizing equine patients. This study aslo proved that combination comprising of xylazine and pentothal sodium could he used for minor surgical interventions as it produced light surgical anaesthesia.
It was concluded that a combination consisting of diazepam and pentothal sodium should be used for all types of major surgical procedures in equine practice.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0476,T] (1).
39.
A Serological And Coprological Study Of Paramphistomiasis In Buffalo
by Jameel Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Haji Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: Two hundred faecal samples, serum samples and paramphistomes used in the present study collected from main slaughter house of Lahore and from surrounding of the city.
Faecal examinations were carried out with fresh smear technique and 61.5% animals found positive for paramphistomiasis. Serum was separated from the blood samples collected from infected and suspected buffaloes for the performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Paramphistome crude antigen was prepared from fresh stomach flukes, which contained 95.66 mg proteins/mi at 545 nm.
For performing the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, the 96 well ELISA plates were coated with crude antigen & kept overnight & then the other procedure for the assay was followed, & the serum samples were tested with paramphistome crude antigen. In positive samples, the yellowish-brown colouration was formed.
In faecal examination, 61.5% and in the ELISA 100% of the animal found positive.
From the conclusion of the results if was found that ELISA (100%) has given more positive results then faecal examination (61.5%).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0490,T] (1).
40.
Comparative Efficacy On Newly Introduced Antibacterial Drugs Against Experimentally Induced Escherichia Coli
by Zubair, M | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Mubasher | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Pakistan faces an acute shortage of animal protein which is acknowledged as a serious problem at national level. Since broilers are the fastest converters of crude protein into digestible high quality protein for human consumption. There is much need in the production of broilers for the said reason in Pakistan. The upgrading of poultry industry is suffered from huge losses caused by certain diseases of bacterial origin. Amongst bacterial diseases, Escherichia coli is the worst threat to poultry industry. Therefore, concrete and consistent effort was done in this project to control the Eschericia coli infection.
The present project was done to study the efficacy of different drugs on prevalent strains of E. coli isolated from broilers that were collected from Diagnostic Laboratory, office of the Project Director, Poultry Production, 16-Cooper Road, Lahore and various Farms in the vicinity of Lahore.
Six different antibacterial drugs which comprised of avitryl, advocin, plasmacolin, flumequine gentamicin and inoxyl were used to check the sensitivity of the isolates. In-vitro the sensitivity results was in this order avitryl, advocin, plasmacolin, gentamicin, flumeuine and inoxyl respectively. Avitryl emerged as best drug.
The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was tested in albino mice taken from V.R.I., Lahore. The confirmed pathogenic isolates of . coli were diluted upto 3x108 bacteria per 0.25 ml, this dilution ws made after doing total viable count and the dose was injected intra-peritoneally to five albino mice while 5 albino mice were kept as controls.
These six drugs were further tested for their efficiency in broilers against . coli infection. A total of two hundred and forty birds reared upto four weeks of age and then they were divided into eight groups, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, each having 30 birds. Group H was kept as non-infected and non- treated. While Group G was infected but not treated. The remaining groups A, B, C, D, E and F, 16 hours after infection were treated with avitryl, advocin, plasmacolin, flumequine, gentamicin and inoxyl for five days respectively. All the groups were kept under close observation and their mortality and feed efficiency was noted.
In group G maximum mortality was noted i.e. 57.14 while in the group A, B, C, D, E and F, the mortality recorded was 22.72, 30, 33.33, 40.90, 47.82 and 52.17 respectively.
Avitryl was proved to be the highest protection against coli infection and best in relation to F.C.R. by this experiment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0492,T] (1).
41.
A Study On Clinico Serilogical Observations By Experimental Aflatoxicosis In Quails
by Mahmood Farooq Qureshi | Dr. Muhammed Athar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: In this project the effect of orally administered aflatoxin in feed was observed in quails. Clinicopathological picture was recorded and serum levels in tile liver and intestines of the quails were tested. At the fifth week of age healthy quails in groups A, B, C and D were given feed containing aflatoxin at a rate of 20 PPM, 40 PPM, 60 PPM and zero PPM (control group) respectively. The average (four weeks) mortality rate for groups A, B, C, and D was 21.53%, 44.80%, 54.03% and 0.07% respectively. The average four weeks case fatality rate for group A, B, C and 0 was 82.15%, 90%, 70.33% and 87.50% respectively. The average four weeks aflatoxin level in the intestinal contents was 9.09 PPM, 10.02 PPM, 11.31 PPM and 3.67 PPM in group A, B, C, and 0 respectively. The various levels of aflatoxin in the liver during the four week averaged 0.06 PPM, 5.19 PPM, 16.57 PPM and 0.05 PPM in group A, B, C and O respectively. The various levels of aflatoxin in the serum, were a four week average of 0.11 PPM, 3.69 PPM, 12.44 PPM and zero PPM in group A, B, C, and 0 respectively.
The clinical signs mainifested the birds were ruffled feathers, gathering in the corners of the case, drowsiness, whitish to yellow dilcoloration of eyes, cynchitis, watery discharge from the eyes and nostrils, loose yellowish-white faeces. irregular movement with nervous signs, stiffness of the joints and dehydration.
The necropsy findings were enlarged liver, gastro-entertis and petechial haemorrhages on the amasal ad serosal part of the body, deposition of a yellowish white fluid in the abdominal and thoracic cavity. There wa also pen cardial fluId and asciise in the body.
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42.
Efficacy Of Different Conjunctival Flaps For Corneal Ulceration In The Dog
by Mubashra Mukadas | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Muhammed Arif Khan | Dr. Shahkeel | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The use of conjunctival flaps is one of the procedures adopted for the repair of cornea in cases of corneal ulceration where the medicinal therapy has limited or no effect. In the begining of the twentieth century many ophthalmic surgeons of human side as well as veterinarians used conjunctiva for the repair of corneal ulcers. They adopted many procedures for this purpose but only a few were found to be successful. These procedures were used to relieve the animal from keratopathies such as infectious keratitis, severely chemically burnt eye, damage of the cornea during accident and progressive deep ulcers. These conditions mostly cause discomfort due to ocular pain and impairment of vision and corneal surgery becomes a necessity.
During this study, fifteen healthy mongrel dogs of either sex were used. These dogs were divided into 5 groups of 3 animals each. The animals of group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were operated upon for the repair of experimentally produced corneal ulcers using conjunctival hood, bridge, complete and pedicle flaps respectively. Group No.5, was kept to serve the purpose of control animals. The cornea was superficially scratched with scalpel blade in all the animals from group No.1 through group No.4 to produce corneal ulcers. The animals were then kept for 15-20 days till corneal ulcers were fully developed. The corneal ulcers thus produced were repaired afterwards, using four different types of conjunctival flaps mentioned earlier.
For preparing conjunctival hood flap, a 1800 incision was made in the bulbar conjunctiva at the limbus and the conjunctiva was superficially dissected towards the fornix. The flap was then pulled centrally and sutured to the sciera with simple interrupted sutures using 6-0 silk. The complete or double hood flaps were prepared by continuing the limbal based conjunctival incision 360° around the limbus. Superficial dissection of the conjunctiva was performed 1-1.5 cm towards the fornices, thus dorsal and ventral flaps were created (by mobilizing the bulbar conjunctiva) and advanced over the cornea to meet centrally. These flaps were apposed with horizontal mattress sutures of 6-0 silk. To prepare bridge or bucket handle flaps, the conjunctiva was first superficially dissected from the limbus and the flap was created via a second incision in the conjunctiva 1-1.5 cm from and parallel to the limbal incision. The flap was then made free and shifted over the corneal ulcer and sutured with simple interrupted sutures using 6-0 silk. The pedicle flaps were dissected and advanced from the limbus and sutured to sciera, covering the corneal ulcers, with simple interrupted sutures of 6-0 silk.
The conjunctival defects were left un-sutured. These procedures were first carried out on the left eyes of all the dogs and then repeated on the right eyes after the healing of left ones.
It was concluded on the basis of this study that:
1. The raw bulbar surface of conjunctiva providing direct access of vascular and fibrous connective tissues can be used, to repair the corneal ulcers.
2. Vision remains almost normal during post operative period without the use of any contact or intra ocular lens.
3. There was no recurrent corneal erosion or penetrating infection, so deeper layers of cornea as well as other intra ocular structures remained normal.
4. Use of topical and/or systemic antibiotics for a long time in the post operative period was not needed.
The successful attempt at repairing the corneal ulcers with the conjunctival flaps strengthened the belief in cases where there was no other way of saving the animal's vision except surgical intervention. So, it is incumbent upon the veterinarian to involve himself devotedly in the operative procedure with the aim of achieving good results. Whether he succeeds or otherwise, he must have a satisfaction of being loyal to his profession.
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43.
Comparative Efficacy Of Oxyclozanide, Rafoxanide And Bithionol Sulphoxide Against Paramphistomiasis In Buffaloes
by Umar, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was designed to test the anthelmintic efficacy of oxyclozanide, Rafoxanide and Bithionol suiphoxide against paramph istomiasis in naturally infected buffaloes. The comparative anthelmintic trials were conducted among Nilzan drench - Id (Oxyclozanide 3.0% + Levamisole 1.5%,), Fasifree - Prix (Rafoxanide 30 mg/mI), Irchasol - Medivet (Bithionol sulphoxide 10% + Levamisole 1.5%) and Nilverm drench - ICI (Levamisole 1.5%) against paramphistomiasis in buffaloes.
Seventy five naturally infected buffaloes were selected and divided into five equal groups i.e. A, B, C, D and E containing 15 animals each. Each animal of group A was given Nilzan drench (lml/2kg body weight), group B was given Fasifree (lml/4kg body weight), group C was given Irchasol (lml/2kg body weight), group D was given Nilverm (lml/2kg body weight), while group E was kept as control. The efficacy of anthelmintics was evaluated by counting eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces on day 7, 14 and 21 post-medication.
The mean efficacyh of Nilzan drench was 97.29%, mean efficacy of Fasifree was 98.5% and of Irchasol was 85.56% while Nilverm did not have any effect for the treatment of Paramphistomiasis in buffaloes under field conditions.
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44.
A Clinicopathological Study Of Lactic Acidosis In Sheep And Goats
by Usman, M | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Dr. Javed | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: A total of 100 sheep and goats suffering from lactic acidosis brought to Outdoor hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore were selected as experimental animals while the same number was kept as control to access the events of lactic acidosis. The temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, rumen and serum p11, serum bicarbonate, packed cell volume, ruminal movements and ruminal protozoa of the two groups were studied.
It was found that rectal temperature, blood pH, rumen p11, serum bicarbonate and ruminal movements decreased significantly in acidotic group as compared to control group. Simultaneously the pulse rate, respiration rate and packed cell volume increased, significantly in lactic acidotic group as compared to control group. Mean values observed in goat were serum pH 7.075±0.11 rumen p11, 4±0.57 serum bicarbonate, 12.42±0.59 mEq/liter, packed cell volume 67.50±3.2%, temperature 100.9±0.19°F, pulse rate 168.6±3.77 per minute and respiration rate 17.00±0.82 and in sheep mean values were 7.025±0.85, 4±0.57, 12.42±0.66 rnEq/liter, 64.25±0.21%, 100.9±0.82 °F, 168.6±3.77 per minute and 17.00±0.82 per minute respectively.
The rumen protozoa was found to be completely destroyed in the experimental group. There was complete ruminal stasis in lactic acidotic group.
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45.
Sero Epidemiology Of Foot And Mounth Disease In Tehsil Chichawatni, District, Sahiwal
by Mahmood Ijaz Gorsi | Dr. M. Athar Khan | Dr. Abdus | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: On a prescribed questionnaire an active surveillance was conducted in randomly selected 12 outbreak/infected villages of Tehsil Chichawatni District Sahiwal with FMD for epidemiological and serological observations. Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates in cattle were 63.20%, 15.25% and 28.65% respectively. In young cattle, morbidity, mortality and case fatality were high 56.67%, 22.90% and 40.55% as compared to adult where it was 51.64%, 11.57% and 22.40% respectively.
In buffalo population morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 61,69%, 20.80% and 33.72% respectively. Similarly as cattle morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates in young buffalo calves were high 65.82%, 30.77% and 46.75% as compared to adult buffalo 59.46%, 15.40% and 25.90% respectively. Young animals of both species were more effected.
A total loss of Rs.27.449 million due to FMD in cattle and buffaloes were estimated. A total of 240 serum samples from buffaloes and cattle each were collected from the affected villages. In cattle and buffalo 116, 110 serum samples were positive against FMD antibodies through CFT. Serotypes observed in cattle were Asia-i 81(69.82%), type A 12(10.34%) and type 0 23(19.82%). While the buffaloes serotypes Asia-1 type A and type 0 were 71(64.54%), 15(13.63%) and 24 (21.81%) respectively.
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46.
Diagnosis And Treatment Trials Of Simple Indigestion In Sheep And Goat
by Basharat Ali | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. M. Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This research project was conducted at Outdoor 1-Jospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. Forty animals i.e. sheep and goats suffering from simple indigestion were selected, the diagnosis was based on history clinical signs and physical examination
Laboratory examination including rumen pH, serum pH, Ketone bodies estimation, protozoa motility test and cellulose digestion test were also performed to confirm the diagnosis, Animals were divided into four groups A,B,C, and D comprising 10 animals each. Animals of group A.B and, C were treated with Magnesium sulphate 50 gm. Magnesium hydro-oxide 50 gm and 1-1/2 liter normal saline once orally respectively while group D was kept as untreated control.
Before treatment, rurnen pH, values 5.702±0.195, 5.681±0.180,5.466±0.074,5.813±0.276 and cellulose digestion test time values 31.3±2.4,31.3±2.3,33.6±0.7, 30.1±3.1 hours in the four groups respectively. Minor protozoa! motility was observed alongwith no serious changes in serum pH and absence of ketone bodies in all the groups. few cases of increased rumen pH were due to ingestion of legumes or urea.
After treatment in group A protozoa motility was moderat while Rumen pH, cellulose digestion test time was 6.248±0.127 and 23.7±0.7 hours respectively. In group B which was treated with magnesium hydro-oxide normal rumen pH value was 6.981±0.034 and cellulose digestion test time 12.6±0.6 hours. In group C little protozoal movements were observed with minor improvement in rumen pH and cellulose digestion test time while in group D, the health of the animals further deteriorated with more disturbance in rumen pH and cellulose digestion test time values.
Magnesium hydro-oxide emerged as effective and economical
drug for the treatment of this condition.
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47.
Epidemiological And Experimental Investigation Of Hydatidosis In Buffalo, Cattle And Dogs
by Ghulam Yasin | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In the epidemiological investigation of present project, 1300 slaughtered buffaloes and 1300 slaughtered cattle were inspected for hydatidosis from two different abattoirs in Lahore district. rllhe results showed that the Overall prevalence of hydatidosis in buffalo was 33.9% (Male 30% and Female 37.81%). Overall prevalence of hydatidosis in cattle was 31.2% (Male 30% and Female 32.42%). Higher prevalence was due to examination of only adult/older animals. As regard to distribution of hydatid cyst, the lungs were more effected than any other organs of both cattle and buffalo. The number, size and state of hydatid cysts were also examined and their results are briefly discussed.
While in experimental investigation of said project, twenty dogs were maintained for a period of two and a half month and the results showed that the dogs infected experimentally with . granulosus did not exhibit any significant and specific symptoms. Among three drugs used against experimentally induced E. granulosus, the Mannsonil (Niclosamide) is the drug of choice (87% effective) while Forbenda (Albendazole) is the drug of choice (87% effective) while Forbenda (Albendazole) is ineffective and Chanazole (Mebendazole) is also very good. The best method to confirm the infection in live dogs is the purgation of the dogs, while in dead dogs is the postmortem examination and inspection of small intestine for E. granulosus.
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48.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Cestode Infection In Wild Felidae
by Zahid Zia | Dr. Khalid Pervaz | Dr. M. Akram | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present wok was conducted to see the efficacy of Niclosamide (Yomesan), Mebendazole (Vermox) and Praziquantel (Droncit) against cestode infection in wild felids in captivity because zoological gardens are permanent source of parastic infestation
A survey was conduced to estimate ethe prevalence of various specises of cestodes in 40 wild fields kept in Lahore Zoo and Luch Irani Circus. The prevalence rate was recorded for Lahore Zoo 42.86% and for Lucky Irani Circus 100%. Overall prevalence was estimated (60%). The prevalence rate of Dipylidium caninum, Echinococcus/Taenia species, Spriometra felis and Joyeuxiella pasaquaeli was recroded 32.60, 55.33, 39.81 and 27.90 percent, respectively. The animals showing moderat to heavy infection were selected for therapeutic trails.
Two trainls were conducted wild felids kept in the Lahore Zoo and Luch Irani Circus comprising 12 animals each. In both experimental station four groups i.e. A, B, C and D of animals were made. Group A, B and C wre treated with Niclosamide (Yomesan)Mebendazole (Vermox) and Praziquantle (Droncit) respectively, while group D was kept as untreated control group. The efficacy of the drug was detrmined on the basis of reduction in the number of ova and segments discharged in the faeces on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of post medication.
Results revealed that Praziquantel (Droncit) was the drug of choice against all species of cestodes, as it was found highly effective throughout the experiment. Membendazole (Vermox) was also found 100% effective against different species of cestodes upto 14th day of the experiment. Niclosamide (Yomesan) was not found as effective as other two drugs.
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49.
Epidemiology And Economic Losses Of Trichostrongylid Parasites In Sheep
by Sarwar Khan, M | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The meteorological data recorded during the study period from 1.1.96 to 31.12.96 showed the maximum temperature in June as
36.5°C and minimum temperature in December as 6.8°C. Maximum and minimum Humidity was recorded in the month of September and April as 85% and 55% respectively. The maximum rainfall during the year was recorded in the month of August as 660 mm.
The faecal egg counts of sheep grazing on permanent pasture showed the minimum EPG during first week of January while maximum EPG on nid of September and first week of October.
Pasture larval counts were performed on permanent pasture and experimental plot for the recovery of trichostrongylid larvae. The maximum number of larvae was recovered on 16th September, 1996, while minimum number was recovered in January and February from permanent pasture and experimental plot respectively. Two species of trichostrongylids were identified i.e. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongvlus colubriformis.
The faecal and larval counts were very low in the months of January and February, the counts started rising in March. Peak counts were seen in the month of September. Decline in counts started in late October and reached to minimum in December.
Mature and immature worm counts of slaughtered sheep were performed at 15 days interval. The, overall prevalence oftrichostrongylid parasites was 34%. The maximum number of mature parasites were seen during first week of October which was886 whereas maximum number of immature parasites including hypobiotic was 326 on 1st of December. During this study the average fecundity/female of contortus and L colubriformis parasites were calculated as 721 and 209 respectively. A spring rise in worm egg counts was experienced in mid of March. A pen parturient rise in the worm egg counts of pregnant and lactating ewes indicated the maximum counts during lambing week.
An experimental group of sheep with mixed infection of trichostrongylid parasites showed the similar pattern of EPG counts as of naturally infected sheep.
A study was performed to evaluate any protection provided by a particular Flaemoglobin type to trichostrongylid infection hut not difference could be observed. The Asparate Aminotransferase (AST) and total protein levels of infected sheep were decreased as a result of increase in the intensity of infection.
A decrease in R.B.C. counts, Haemoglobin, Packed cell volume and lymphocyte counts was observed both in experimentally and naturally infected slaughtered sheep. However, an increase in total leukocytic count (TLC) alongwith an increase in the ratio of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils was observed.
At the end of experiment infected sheep gained 5.71 Kg/head less body weight and produced 4 3 grn less wool as compared with non-infected group. Based on epidemiological information the suggestions for control of the, trichostrongylid infection are submitted alongwi th recommendations for further studies.
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50.
Evaluation Of Liver Functions At Varying Degrees Of Hepatectomy In Dogs
by Farhan Ahmad Atif | Dr. M. Arif Khan | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Liver is the most important organ because of its multiplicity of functions. It played a pivotal rote in the nutrition and maintenance of the body.
In this project 16 dogs were taken and divided into 4 groups comprising 4 dogs each. In group-A total removal of right lateral lobe was performed. In group-B half part of the right lobe was resected. Group-C was sham operated in which only laparotomy was experienced. Whereas, group-D acted as control.
Liver function tests were conducted in all the groups before and after surgery. rfhe.e was slight elevation in the values of liver enzymes which remained within the normal range except alkaline phosphatase.
Metabolic ability was not affected appreciably after resection of half and complete removal of right lateral lobe.
All the dogs were euthanized after 8 weeks post-operatively. The dogs of group-B showed hepatic regeneration that was 31.2, 38.8 and 28.3 percent in dog No.6, 7 and 8 respectively. The histopathology of regenerated tissue revealed normal hepatic tissue.
The analysis of results has clearly indicated that resection of liver upto this extent does not alter liver functions noticeably and thus partial hepatectomy can be performed without any fear.
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