1.
Effect Of Gallic Acid On Oxidative Stress In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Sadia yaseen | Dr. Muhammad quaid zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz yousaf | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2061,T] (1).
2.
Impact Of Activated Clotting Time6 On Post Cardiopulmonary Bypass Blood Loss
by Adnan Haider | Prof Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Nisar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 214Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2171,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Dietary Supplementation Of Mannanoligosaccharide On Reglamation Of Gastrointestinal Physiology In Dogs
by Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Nisar | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mannan-oligosaccharide in small bowel resection. Intestinal resection is conducted in various pathological conditions, which is necessary in alleviation of the anomaly but produces ill effects related to the physiological functioning of the resected part. Various post-operative treatments have been suggested in this regard. Prebiotics can serve as an important dietary and clinical nutritive substance with potential to stabilize aftermath. Dogs with jejunal resection were used as an experimental animal and were divided into three groups in this study. Groups were Control (con), MOS-lower dose (MOS-LD) fed 2g MOS and MOS-higher dose (MOS-HD) fed 4g MOS in addition to 400g standard diet daily. Dogs were assessed for glucose, cholesterol, white blood cell counts on day 0, 1 5, 30, 45 of MOS supplementation. Ammonia, microbiological analysis for E.coli, total aerobes and ('lostridium per/ringens were done on fecal samples collected between day 24 and 28 of MOS supplementation. Fecal scoring system was used to study alleviation of diarrhea in two periods with each of 5 days. Period 1 was from day 18 to day 22 and period 2 was from day 41 to day 45 of MOS supplementation. Repeated measures and one way ANOVA was used for analysis of data. Positive effects of MOS were evident on relieving diarrhea and increasing blood lymphocytes. Total aerobes and clostridium count decreased significantly. This study paved way for further studies in the assessment of potency of MOS and other Prebiotics in gastrointestinal surgeries and their inclusion in management of short bowel and the therapeutic arsenal.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1154,T] (1).
4.
Response Of Cryopreserved Nili Ravi Buffalo Bull Semen To Gallic Acid Inclusion In Semen Extender
by Muhammad Tariq | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: The major population of buffalo in the world (more than 75%) is located in Asia and 14% in Pakistan, where buffaloes play an important role in rural livestock production providing milk, meat and work draft force. Genetically the ratio of proven buffalo bulls is lesser than cattle bulls, and additionally the volume of semen and spermatozoa concentration is also lower than cattle semen. The success of inseminating buffalos with cryopreserved semen is also low, which account for major cause of fertility problems.
During cryopreservation, the spermatozoa faces osmochemical, mechanical and thermal stresses, which are predominant at dilution, cooling, equilibration, freezing and thawing stages which lead to damage spermatozoa functional and morphological characteristics. Beside these exogenous stresses, oxidative stress damages the spermatozoa endogenously. Keeping in mind all these problems, the reduction of these stresses through inclusion of antioxidants in semen may improve its quality and ultimately the fertility of buffalo bulls. This may be obtained from antioxidant addition to extender at the time of cryopreservation. Gallic acid possess good antioxidative properties, the use of this polyphenolic compound may reduce oxidation in buffalo bull semen.
In the current study, semen from four (n=4) healthy Nili Ravi buffalo bulls was collected by artificial vagina and GA was added to the semen @ 1 µM, 15 µM, 30 µM, 45 µM, 60 µM, and 100 µM and a total of six groups were prepared. One group was kept control and no GA was added to that group. The routine quality evaluation of semen for motility and concentration was made, extender was added, then semen cooled to 4°C filled in 0.5mL straws for 4 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C.
The semen was then transported to the Physiology Laboratory of UVAS for further evaluations. The parameters evaluated were percentage motility, plasma membrane integrity (HOST assay), acrosomal integrity (NAR), viability (Live/Dead), DNA integrity (Acridine orange assay) and oxidative stress (TBARS assay). Five straws from each GA group were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. The data collected was presented as cells ± SE and treatment groups were compared using one way analysis of variance. The group differences were compared by using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results revealed that GA improved (P<0.05) the spermatozoa viability and plasma membrane integrity.
In conclusion, the addition of 15 µM GA to semen extender improved marginally the buffalo bull spermatozoa motility, viability and membrane integrity but still not sufficient to reach the statistical significance, while it has no protective effects on other parameters like Acrosomal integrity, DNA status and oxidative stress. However further studies are needed to assess the role of GA in different concentrations and other animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1456,T] (1).
5.
Biometrical And Histological Studies Of Testes In Different Age Groups Of Azikheli Buffalo Bulls
by Salahuddin | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1797,T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Different Physiological Stages On Heamatological And Biochemiscal Parameters Of Nili-Ravi Buffalo And Sahiwal Cattle
by M. Zohaib Aslam | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Mr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: 6.1 Background
The proper disease diagnosis in large ruminants is required for overcoming the economy loss due to livestock poor management. Blood biochemical and hematological parameters are one of an important medium to assess the physiological and pathological condition of animals. Any physiological and pathological change can be evaluated only if the normal values are available for comparison. Factors such as age, breed, geographical location, diet, sex, diurnal variation, physical activity, pregnancy and environment are known to influence the serum biochemistry and haematology of large ruminants. Our hypothesis was to evaluate the effect of different physiological stages (pre-pubertal and pubertal) on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Nili-Ravi buffalo and Sahiwal cattle.
6.2 Materials and Methods
Sixty blood samples (30 Cattle and 30 Buffalo) were collected from Ravi Campus Pattoki, UVAS and divided on the basis of different physiological stages, pre-pubertal (10-12) and pubertal (22-24 months) into two groups. The collected samples used to estimate complete blood counts by hematological analyzer. The biochemical parameters include cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea, AST and ALT by commercially available kits (Biogene and crescent).
6.3 Statistical Analysis
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17 used. Further T Test was used to compare the hematological and blood biochemical between two age groups. Differences was considered significant at P<0.05 (Steel et al.1997).
6.4 Results
The hematological parameters RBCs, Hb and PCV were showed a significant difference at Pre-pubertal and pubertal stage of both buffalo and cattle. Whereas the WBCs count, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, MCV and MCH were not found significantly different at pre-pubertal and pubertal stages of buffalo and cattle. The serum level of glucose recorded highest and urea level lowest at pubertal stage in both buffalo and cattle. The cholesterol and triglyceride were found significantly (p<0.05) lowest, while liver enzyme AST and ALT were found significantly highest with the aging of animal in both species. No significant changes were observed in total protein level at pre-pubertal and pubertal stage in buffalo and cattle.
6.5 Conclusions
The WBCs, RBCs, Hb, PCV were found significantly different between pre-pubertal and pubertal stages in both species. The values of theses parameters recorded highest at pubertal stage, while granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, MCV and MCH were found non-significantly different. Different physiological stages had a significant effect on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, Urea, ALT and AST in both species. The results of this study indicated that different physiological stages must be taken as very important factor in determining the blood parameters.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1806,T] (1).
7.
Assessment Of Optimal Level Of Butylated Hydroxytoluene For Short Term Storage Of Broiler Breeder Semen
by Sikander Abbas | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Dr. Ali Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Short term Preservation of broiler breeder semen is an unnatural method in which spermatozoa faces oxidative stress, osmotic and thermal shocks. This affects preserved semen quality resulting in low conception rates. In order to overcome oxidative stress, Butylated Hydroxytoluene was used as antioxidant in poultry semen during short term preservation at 4ºC for 48 hours.
Keeping in view the significance of BHT as a potent antioxidant, the present study was conducted to determine the significance of BHT inclusion in preserved Hubbard broiler breeder semen for reduction of oxidative stress. In the current study, semen from six (n=6) healthy broiler breeder was collected by abdominal massage and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was added to the semen @ 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM. One group was kept control and no BHT was added to that group. The routine quality evaluation of semen for motility and concentration was made, extender was added and then semen was stored at 4°C for 48 hours.
The parameters evaluated were percentage motility, plasma membrane integrity (HOST), viability (Live/Dead) and DNA integrity (Acridine orange assay). Seven samples were taken from each concentration of BHT and thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. In conclusion, the addition of 1 mM BHT to semen extender improved marginally the broiler breeder spermatozoa motility, viability, plasma membrane integroty and DNA integrirty at different period of time.
In controled group the quality of semen after preservation was poor due to oxidative stress which will effect the fertility rate. The Butylated Hydroxytoluene has antioxidant properties, so inclusion of BHT in preserved Hubbard broiler breeder semen was tested in our research.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1808,T] (1).
8.
Effect Of Age And Gender On Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Of Beetal Goat And Lohi Sheep
by Sidra Shafique | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Prof. Dr. Khalid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Small ruminants are one of the domestic animals of the inhabitants of Pakistan. In semi-arid and arid areas goat and sheep provides the main means of survival and security. So the proper health management of animals is must require for their survival. Hematlogical and biochemical tests are widely used for the diagnosis of serious animal diseases which can lead to economics losses in animals like reduced fur, wool and milk production. A large number of factors such as sex, age, gender, breed, illness, stress, seasonal variation and nutrition can affect the pattern of these clinical values. Our hypothesis was to evaluate the effect of age and gender on hematological and biochemical indices of Beetal goat and Lohi sheep in Ravi campus Pattoki UVAS.
One hundred and twenty blood samples (60 Goats and 60 sheep) were taken and divided on the basis of their age and gender (0-3 months, 9-12months and 18-20 months). Complete blood counts were performed by hematology analyzer (Abacus junior vet. Serial # 130076, Diatron GmbH wein, Austria) at W.T.O, UVAS. The biochemical parameter included albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea AST and ALT were determined by commercially available kits (Biogene® and Crescent®). The arithmetic means (± SE) of hematological and biochemical parameters in different groups were calculated. The arithmetic means (± SE) of hematological and biochemical parameters in different groups were calculated. The collected data were subjected to two way analysis of variance through statistical package SPSS version 13 to evaluate mean differences in hematological and blood biochemical parameters of different age groups. Difference among the means of groups with p<0.05 was considered as significant through LSD test (Steel et al.1997).
In this study age and gender had a remarkable influence on the pattern of hematological and biochemical values of both sheep and goat. The RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBCs and lymphocytes counts found significantly (p<0.05) higher in animal of age 18 to 20 months as compared to other groups in both species, While MCHC, monocytes and granulocytes found non-significantly (p>0.05) different. Male showed statistically (p<0.05) higher RBCs, Hb, PCV and MCV values as compared to female. The glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, AST, ALT, Total protein, albumin and globulin were found significantly (p<0.05) different by the aging of animal. Gender had no significant (p>0.05) influences on biochemical parameters of both sheep and goat.
Conclusion
Based on these findings age and gender had significant influence on hematological and biochemical parameters. In general veterinary practices, body weights are usually considered for therapeutic and nutritional strategies. Often too young animals are treated with more caution. In conclusion it can be mentioned that not only body weight but also age of the animals should be considered for devising therapeutic and nutritional strategy in livestock.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1814,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Age And Gender On Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Of Jattal Goat And Poonchi
by Sundas Arif | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafza Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1815,T] (1).
10.
Effect Of Anti-Stressor Supplement On Physiological Indices And Gastrointestinal Development Of Broiler
by Muhammad umar minhas | Prof. Dr. Habib ur rehman | Dr. muhammad shahbaz yousaf | Dr. Sanaullah.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2046,T] (1).
11.
Comparison Of Caged And Aviary Environment On Haematological And Biochemical Profiles Of Peafowls
by Muhammad Tahir Aziz | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Zia Ullah.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2157,T] (1).
12.
Evaluation Of Antidiabetic Effects Of Momordica Charantia On Microarchetecture Of Pancreas And Blood Biochemistey in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Saad Khaliq | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2178,T] (1).
13.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Serum Mineral Profile And Bone Health Of Broilers
by Sidrah Shafique (2013-VA-845) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Background: Zn is an essential mineral of biological importance and in the past processed and unprocessed forms of Zn was used with uncertain composition. Zn is very important from nutritional point of view and is often supplemented in poultry diet. Zn promotes the growth, skeletal development, mineral retention, Zn concentration in tissues, production of neutropphils and antibodies and it improves the functions of macrophages. Zn deficiency causes reduction in weight gain, skeletal malformations, poor bone mineralization and immunological dysfunctions. ZnO nanoparticles (ZONP) are mostly used due to its advantages over conventional forms. Current study is aimed to evaluate the effects of ZONP on serum minerals profile, tibial bone minerals profile and bone health in broilers.
Hypothesis: ZONP may enhance bone health and serum minerals in broiler.
Methodology: The study included 120 day-old broiler chicks divided into four groups, each with 6 replicates. Group A served as control group and group B, C and D served as treatment groups supplemented with 80mg/kg ZnO, 40mg/kg ZONP and 80mg/kg ZONP respectively. At the end of 35 days, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered to collect tibial bone samples and blood samples. The parameters reported were bone health i.e. bone weight, bone length, robusticity index and tibiotarsal index and minerals in serum and bones were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed using one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Results: This study helped us to determine the bone health and minerals level of bones and serum in response to ZONP in broiler. The results showed no change in serum and bones level of Zn, Fe, K and Na in Zn supplemented groups compared to control group but serum and bones Ca level showed significant increase in Zn supplemented groups compared to control group. The results showed no significant difference in bone dry weight, wet weight, length, bone diameter, medullary canal diameter, robusticity index and tibiotarsal index of broilers supplemented with Zn compared to control group.
Conclusion: It is concluded that Zn supplementation, either ZnO or ZONP, has no effect on bones health, bone minerals and serum minerals. However, Ca level of bones and serum was increased by Zn (either ZnO or ZONP)
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2304-T] (1).
14.
In Vitro Effects Of Bisphenol-A On The Electrophysiology Of Isolated Jejunum Of Layers
by Nabeela Hussain (2013-VA-863) | Dr Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: A major nutritional problem these days is the biological and chemical contamination of food with environmental chemicals; Bisphenol A is one of these chemicals which cause contamination of food. BPA have many genomic effects, it is consider as endocrine disrupting hormone. However BPA have many non genomic effects e.g BPA enter into the body orally by use of plastic food cans lead through the intestine and liver and affects target organ. These chemicals have also shown adverse effects on development and function of the reproductive organs of the birds (Berg 2000).
Bisphenol A may affect the barrier function of small intestine of layers. Our study aimed to find out the effect of Bisphenol A on the electrophysiology of jejunum of small intestine of layers. For this purpose a total of forty layer birds were purchased from poultry farm. The birds were acclimatized for one week. Following acclimatization one bird was slaughtered daily and jejunum were collected. After stripping the jejunum was divided into four segments and was mounted in four Ussing chambers receiving four treatments as (BPA control, BPA 10 μM, BPA 50 μM and BPA 100 μM) The tissues were first incubate under open circuit conditions for 15 min and then were short circuited by fixing the voltage at 0 mV throughout the experimental period. After 5 minutes following short circuiting the tissues BPA at the concentration of 10 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM, were added on the mucosal side respectively followed by an equilibrium period of ten minutes. The tissue was further monitored for 30 minutes to note any change in electrophysiology is caused by BPA. After this 300uL of concentrated glucose solution was prepared and added to the mucosal side of each chamber to achieve the final concentration of 20mmol/L. The electrical response to glucose addition was observed. ANOVA was used to
Summary
27
investigate the effect of Bisphenol A on the electrophysiology of jejunum. Followed by Tukey. The P ˂ 0.05 was considered significant.
The results of this study showed that BPA 10μM affects the electrophysiology of intestine as compared to other groups (50μM, 100μM). Suggesting a possible role of BPA in affecting intestinal barrier function and glucose uptake. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2438-T] (1).
15.
Effect Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder Supplementation On Morphometric Characteristics Of Bone And Skeletal Muscle Of Broiler Chicken
by Hafiz Faseeh ur Rehman (2013-VA-437) | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Herbal extracts are being used as alternatives to sub-therapeutic antibiotics. Their mechanism of action involves improving growth performance through modulation of immune status of birds and increasing absorption of nutrients through gastro-intestinal tract. Moringa oleifera is one such herb which not only has antibacterial, antifungal properties but also have a good quantity of essential vitamins and minerals.
This study was aimed to analyze the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in different concentrations (0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5%) on commercially important muscle characteristics and morphometric parameters of tibia bone.
Day-old broilers (n = 100) were randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D & E), each group having 4 replicates (n=5). Group A (Control) was fed basal diet while group B, C, D & E were fed same diet with 0.6%, 0.9% ,1.2% and 1.5 % supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder for 35 days. Birds were immunized against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease.
On day 35 of the experiment, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered by exsanguination. Blood was collected in plan test tube and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to harvest serum and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in serum. After slaughtering samples of breast muscle (pectoralis major) were taken for pH measurement and water holding capacity (WHC). For histological slide preparation breast muscle sample were processed by paraffin embedding technique and stained by Haematoxyline & Eosin. Histomorphometry was done by using software (ProgRes®2.1.1 Capture Prog Camera Control Software).
Summary
38
The right and left tibiae of each bird were collected for the morphometric measurements. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test Difference between groups was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The results revealed that water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in 0.6% MOLP, 0.9% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups as compare to control group. pH values of breast meat in all MOLP supplemented groups were significantly higher at o hour, 12 hour and 24 hour after slaughtering.
The supplementation of MOLP did not significantly affect muscle fiber density in breast muscle, but muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle from groups supplemented with 1.2% and 1.5% MOLP were significantly higher (P<0.05) than control group and group supplemented with 0.6% MOLP. The muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle of 0.9% MOLP supplemented group did not vary significantly from control as well as all other MOLP supplemented groups.
In tibia, bone length, bone diameter, medullary canal diameter did not change significantly in supplemented and control group. The weight of tibia bone increased significantly in groups supplemented with 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP when compared to control group. In right tibia, all treated groups ash% was significantly (P<0.05) high when compared to control group but the left tibiae the ash% of left tibia was significantly (P<0.05) higher in 0.6% MOLP supplemented group when compare to all other groups. The ash% of control group, 0.9% and 1.2% MOLP supplemented groups were significantly high than 1.5% MOLP.
The serum ALP level and Tibio-Tarsal Index did not vary significantly in all experimental groups. The robusticity index of control group was higher for both left and right tibia bone when compared to 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups. The
Summary
39
Weight/Length Index of tibia bone was also significantly high in 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups as compared to control group.
One of the most important considerations which should be kept in mind at the time of sample collection for WHC measurements and for getting cross section of muscles on slides for microscopic morphometry is orientation of muscle fibre and muscle fascicle in a given muscle. The muscle fibres of breast muscle (pectoralis major) in birds are neither perpendicular nor parallel with keel bone’s long axis but running at an oblique angle where the higher end of muscle fibre is on the lateral edges of muscle and lower end of muscle fibre is towards the medial end, so for sampling one must first ascertain muscle fibre direction and then they should be cut perpendicular to their oblique angle.
Conclusion
Supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (1.2% and 1.5%) in diet of broilers improved commercially important traits of breast muscle along with improving the mineral contents and strength of tibia bone. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2461-T] (1).
16.
Effect of Citrullus Colocynthis on Histomorphometric Parameters of Pancreas, Liver and Kidney in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Waqas Ahmed (2014-VA-213) | Dr. Hafsa Zainab | Dr. Sahar Ijaz | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: CD Corrupted. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2464-T] (1).
17.
Effect Of Sub-Chronic Exposure Of Bisphenola On Serum Minrals And Bone Health In Rats
by Suliman (2014-VA-494) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds present worldwide. Endocrine hormone production, release, transport, binding, action or elimination is enhanced or interrupted by EDs and hence affect homeostasis, development, reproduction and behaviour of organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most important EDs used extensively in consumer products such as beverage, food can lining, dental sealants and thermal paper and water pipes. BPA binds to estrogen receptors and enhance or interrupt the endocrine system. BPA have negative effectson bone health and serum minerals in rats.
A total of 48 adult rats were divided in three main groups i.e. (16 rats in each group). Each group was sub-divided into male (8 rats) and female (8rats). Control Group: Basal rat diet was provided to control group. Group A: BPA 1mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to group A. BPA was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Group B: BPA 0.1mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to Group B. BPA was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Trial duration was 3 months and at the end rats were killed to obtain the bones and muscles to observe their bone characteristics (bone length, width, and medullary canal diameter) and serum minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) analysis.Data wasanalysed using two ways ANOVA through SPSS version (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois) and was presented as mean± SEM.
Femur bone length was found to be significantly higher in male rats treated with BPA 0.1mg/kg and 1mg/kg compared to control. The femur bone length was not affected in female rats. Rest of the parameters in bone health of tibia and femur were not affected by treatment. Bone minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were also not affected by the treatment irrespective of treatments.Serum calcium was significantly higher in mal rates treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control; whereas it decreased significantly in female rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Serum zinc concentrations also decreased significantly in female rats treated with BPA 1mg/kg compared to control. Muscle copper concentration was significantly higher in male rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Iron muscle concentration was significantly increased in male and female rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Muscle calcium concentration was significantly decreased in male rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2492-T] (1).
18.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nano-Particles On Histological Features Of Pancreas, Liver And Kidney In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Nihar Ali (2014-VA-538) | Dr.Hafsa Zaneb | Dr.Saima Masood | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder, is considered one of the top five causes of death globally, affecting as many as 150 million people worldwide. In diabetic subjects, use of zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnONPs) leads to reduction in blood glucose level and higher expression of insulin receptors. However, the structural changes introduced by them in pancreas, liver and kidney of diabetic rats are largely undocumented. The current study, therefore, was designed to report the modifications effectuated in the histomorphometry of the above- mentioned organs of diabetic rats through oral use of ZnONPs.
The study included 25 Wistar rats, housed in stainless steel cages in the animal shed. The rats were kept in environmentally controlled room with temperature of 24 ± 5 ºC, under a 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle and provided free access to water and food. The rats were divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan in four groups, leaving one group as negative control. The treatment of ZnONPs was mixed in the feed of three diabetic groups at 15mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg respectively doses for 15 days. At the termination of the trial, pancreas, liver and kidney were dissected out, fixed and processed for histomorphometry. Diameter and density of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, number and diameter of alpha, beta cells, renal cortex width, glomerular diameter, proximal and distal convoluted tubules diameter, wall to lumen thickness ratio of proximal and distal convoluted tubules, Bowman’s capsule basement membrane thickness, central vein diameter of liver, width of hepatocyte cords and Kupffer cells count was studied.
The morphometric results showed that size of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, diameter and number of beta cells per islet was lower (p<0.05) in positive control group and ZnONPs treated groups G1, G2, and G3 than in negative control group. There was no significant difference of islet size, diameter and number of beta cells between G1, G2, G3 groups and positive control group. Histomorphometric evaluation of alpha cells showed that alpha cells count and diameter remained the same in all groups. Pancreatic islet density was similar among all groups.
Glomerular diameter in control positive group was similar (p>0.05) to control negative group. Glomerular diameter increased (p>0.05) in ZnONPs treated groups (G1, G2, G3) as compared to both control groups. The cortex width decreased (p<0.05) in positive control group as compared to negative control, increased (p>0.05) in ZnONPs treated groups (G1, G2, G3) as compared to both control groups. The cortex width decreased (p<0.05) in positive control group as compared to negative control group Following treatment with ZnONPs, thickness increased (p<0.05) in G2 and G3 groups compared to positive control group but was similar to that of negative control group. Proximal convoluted tubule diameter increased (p<0.05) in ZnONPs treated groups as compared to both control groups. The distal convoluted tubules diameter increased in G1, G2 and G3 groups as compared to control groups. Wall to lumen ratio of distal tubules showed no significant difference among groups. Bowman’s capsule basement membrane thickness significantly increased in the positive control group and G1, G2 and G3 groups as compared to negative control group.
Central vein diameter of liver increased (p<0.05) in positive control group as compared to negative control group, while it was found similar between G1, G2 and G3 groups and positive control group. The hepatocyte cords width increased in positive control group as compared to negative control group. In G1, G2, and G3 groups, the hepatocyte cords width was smaller (p<0.05) than in control positive group. The number of Kupffer cells significantly increased in positive control group as compared to negative control group. The Kupffer cell count was lower (p<0.05) in G1, G2 and G3 groups than the positive control group. Microscopy of liver sections, stained with PAS staining, showed minimum glycogen deposition in hepatocytes of positive control group and treated groups as compared to negative control group.
In conclusion, histomorphometric evaluation showed that ZnONPs did not improve tissue micro-architecture of pancreas and kidney, rather deterioration of the parenchyma was observed. However, use of ZnONPs ameliorated the liver histology to some extent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2706-T] (1).
19.
Evaluation Of Cardioprotective Effect Of Citric Acid On Serum Biochemical Profile Against Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infarction In Rabbits
by Aasma Shabbir (2014-VA-525) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Nisar Ahmad .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Isoproterenol is a drug which is used to treat heart attack, congestive heart failure, shock and certain types of irregular heartbeat. In addition to this, it is also employed during the process of anesthesia to avoid the constriction of airways. Isoproterenol is a synthetic catecholamine which produced myocardial infarction because of production of cytotoxic free radicals. Citric acid is water soluble and is most important antioxidant and enzyme cofactor. Recent evidence suggests that citric acid possess antioxidant activity.
The aim of this study was to optimize a supplement at which citric acid can act as cardio protector against isoproterenol and also to evaluate its effect on level of CK-MB, serum glucose, serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, AST, ALT, ALP.
Forty rabbits were selected and housed in the experimental shed of the Department of physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Before the arrival of rabbits, the shed was cleaned and fumigated. The rabbits were divided randomly in to five groups, each with eight replicates (n=8 in each group). Animals were treated by following treatment plan; Group 1: (Negative Control) Animals received normal saline 1ml orally for 14 days. Group 2: (Positive Control) Animals received normal saline 1ml orally for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day. Group 3: Animals received citric acid 250 mg/kg body weight orally (dissolved in 1 ml distill water) for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day. Group 4: Animals received citric acid 500 mg/kg bodyweight orally (dissolved in 1 ml distill water) for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day. Group 5: Animals received citric acid 750 mg/kg body weight orally (dissolved in 1 ml distill water) for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day.
At the end of the experiment, rabbits were slaughtered to collect blood samples for serum biochemical analysis (CK-MB, lipid profile, LFT’s, RFT’s, serum glucose). Data was analyzed by one way analysis of variance using SPSS software (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois). The group differences were studied by using Duncan’s multiple range tests. The P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Data was presented as mean ± SD.
Results showed that the level of CK-MB, creatinine, urea, HDL-C, ALT were found significant (P<0.05) in rabbits compared with the control. While there was no significant effect found on serum glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALP in all the experimental groups compared with control.
From our study we have concluded that supplementation of citric acid has cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rabbits. It shows significant effect on CK-MB, HDL-C, ALT, urea and creatinine. While there was no significant effect found on serum glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALP.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2703-T] (1).
20.
Electrophysiological Evalution Of Patients Suffering From Juvenile Epilepsy
by Masuma Amin (2014-VA-526) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Ahsan Numan | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Ms. Amina Chughtai.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Epilepticogenic seizures are episodes of excessive, abnormal and repeatsynchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Seizures can be accompanied by clinical neurological symptoms as alterations in consciousness and abnormal body movements.These epileptic activities are causing impermanent disturbance in brain an message signals became mixed up and it results in epileptic seizure. The electrophysiological changes occur in epileptic seizure in the brain and it can be diagnosed by the EEG which is an electrical presentation of impulses on a paper. The electrophysiological evaluation of children with epilepsy was made by the EEG machine. There are many risk factors contributing to the occurrence of epilepsy including cousin marriages, positive family history and affected sibling. Different types of seizures are studied which included Generalized tonic clonic, Myoclonic and tonic clonic.
This study was a cross sectional study in which 50 epileptic children and 25 control subjects with no epilepsy were studied. The age of the patients was between 4-18 years divided into 4 groups regardless of gender in this study conducted in Services Hospital Lohore.EEG was performed and history has been taken, a questionnaire was filled by parents and clinical examination was done.
This study showed that there are electrophysiological changes in epileptic seizure and the wave changes exhibit in epilepsy (p=0.03) which shows significant results .Similarly the history of family with epilepsy has significant relation with occurrence of epilepsy(p= 0.037). The cousin marriage are also contributing factors in occurrence of epilepsy as it has link with genes and it run into families showing the significant association (p= 0.040).The sibling are also affected if there is presence of epilepsy in any one of the child in the family(p=0.020). Hague severity scale was applied that reveals that the severity of epilepsy occurred as the number of scale increases and it affects the daily activity of the individuals.Chi Square test was applied to analyze the Electrophysiological changes in epilepsy while Binary Logistic Regression was applied to analyze the different contributing factors in prevalence and occurrence of epilepsy.
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21.
Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder On Redox Status, Hepatic And Kidney Function In Rats Exposed To Heat Stress
by Noor Muhammad Khan (2015-VA-07) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: here are a number of stressors which adversely affects the normal homeostasis of the body. One of them is heat stress which has marked damaging effect on the normal physiology of an individual. Moringa oleifera is a versatile plant from Moringaceae family. Moringa oleifera is a best food plant but it also has a large potential as a medicinal plant. Due to rich source of flavonoids, Beta- carotenes, vitamin A & D, Moringa oleifera is known as a best natural anti-oxidant. The leaves of Moringa oleifera also possess hepato-protective and renal protective activities due to its rich anti-oxidant potential.
Hypothesis:It was hypothesized that Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation will ameliorate the redox status, hepatic and kidney function in rats exposed to heat stress.
Methodology: Adult male wistar rats (n= 24) were procured and housed in stainless steel cages in the experimental animal shed of department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan. After acclimatization, rats were divided in to four groups (One control and 3 MOLP treated groups). Rats were exposed to high environmental temperature (37±1°C ) for one hour daily(12.00 PM-1.00 PM) throughout the experimental period of 21 days for the induction of heat stress(Sinha. 2007). Anti-stress properties of Moringa oleifera leaf powderwere examined by measuring biochemical parameters, i.e. redox by estimating serum malondialdehyde through assay used by(Ohkawa et al. 1979) and catalase by the same spectrophotometric protocol in accordance with the study (Hadwan et al. 2016). Analysis of liver function enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphatase), kidney function (Blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and serum creatinine), serum
Summary
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glucose and lactate dehydrogenasewere carried out by using commercially available kits provided by Human Diagnostics, Germany.
Results:The present study revealed that Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation during heat stress has a significant effect (P<0.05) on serum redox status. Serum malondialdehyde and catalase were significantly reduced by Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation. On the other hand, Moringa oleifera leaf powder demonstrated a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on hepatic and kidney function. Serum Glucose was also not altered by powdered leaf supplementation of Moringa oleifera.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software. The group differences were compared by the Tukey’s Test. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.
Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) has a potent antioxidant potential without any marked ameliorative or deteriorative effect on hepatic and kidney functioning in heat stressed rats. Further studies are required to explore the potential of other portions of this plant in heat stress. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2783-T] (1).
22.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Probiotic And Phytase Alone And In Combination On The Oxidative Status And Serum Lipid Profile In Japanese Quails
by Mubarka Bano (2015-VA-590) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Phytase is an enzyme that releases phosphorous from phytate molecule improving the bioavailability of dietary nutrients. Also improves the oxidative status and lower’s serum cholesterol level. Probiotics are live microorganisms given in the diet as a growth promoter. They effect serum lipid profile as well as act as antioxidant. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic and bacterial phytase alone and in combination on serum lipid profile and oxidant and anti-oxidant status of blood, muscle and tissue in Japanese quails.
Two hundred one day old quail chicks were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) with five replicates (n=10). Group-I was fed only basal diet (BD) and named as control group, Group-II was given BD + 0.1% Bacillus cereus. Group-III was given BD+ 0.01% microbial phytase; Group IV was given BD + 0.01% phytase + 0.1% probiotic. On day 28, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered for blood and tissue collection. The parameters to be studied were oxidant and anti-oxidant level in whole blood, muscle and tissue (liver and kidney), Serum lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL and LDL).
Serum total cholesterol concentration was not affected by supplementation. However triglyceride and high density lipoprotein in serum were significantly (P<0.05) affected. Our supplementation causes reduction in triglycerides and increase in high density lipoprotein.
The activity of MDA and catalase in serum and liver tissue was affected significantly (P<0.05), MDA level was reduced and catalase level was increased by supplementation. However our supplementation remained ineffective in muscle MDA and catalase.
Data were presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by one way-ANOVA technique using SPSS. Group differences were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at P<0.05.
The present study concluded that probiotic and phytase had shown beneficial effect on lipid profile and oxidative status in Japanese quails. However their synergistic effect was more effective.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2842-T] (1).
23.
Effect Of Sub-Chronic Exposure Of Di-Butyl Phthalate On Serum Minerals And Bone Health In Rats
by Nisar Ahmed (2014-VA-779) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds present worldwide. Endocrine hormone production, release, transport, binding, action or elimination is enhanced or interrupted by EDs and hence affect homeostasis, development, reproduction and behavior of organisms. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most important EDs used extensively in consumer products such as plasticizers, nail polish, paints, thermal paper and water pipes. DBP binds to estrogen receptors and enhance or interrupt the endocrine system. DBP have negative effects on bone health and serum minerals in rats. A total of 48 adult rats were divided in three main groups i.e. (16 rats in each group). Each group was sub-divided into male (8 rats) and female (8rats). Control Group: Basal rat diet was provided to control group. Group A: DBP 10mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to group A. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Group B: DBP 50mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to Group B. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Trial duration was 3 months and at the end rats were killed to obtain the bones, serum and muscles to observe their bone characteristics (bone length, width, and medullary canal diameter) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) analysis. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA through SPSS version (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois) and was presented as mean± SEM.
Femur bone length was found to be significantly higher in male rats treated with DBP 10mg/kg and 50mg/kg compared to control. The femur bone length was not affected in female rats. Rest of the parameters in bone health of tibia and femur were not affected by treatment. Bone minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were also not affected by the treatment irrespective of treatments. Serum calcium was significantly higher in male rates treated with 50mg/kg DBP
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
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compared to control; whereas it is decreased significantly in female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Serum zinc concentrations also decreased significantly in female rats treated with DBP 50mg/kg compared to control. Muscle copper concentration was significantly higher in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Iron muscle concentration was significantly increased in male and female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Muscle calcium concentration was significantly decreased in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2896-T] (1).
24.
Hepato-Protective Effect Of Montelukast Against Methotrexate Induced Liver Toxicity In Rats
by Sarwat Noreen (2014-VA-936) | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Muhammad Nasir .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: This study was designed to evaluate the beneficial effects of montelukast against anti- cancerous drug methotrxate and to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of montelukast on blood serum in rats and to find the hepatoprotective effecst on liver after methotrexate induced toxicity in rats. Methotrexate (MTX) is used as anti-cancerous drugs used in different malignancies and immunological issues like hepatotoxicity and bone marrow depletion
Montelukast is an anti-asthmatic drug, which act as antagonist of cysteinly leukotriene
receptors,in inflammation and oxidative stress. Montelukast decrease the risk of hepatic damage after cancerous drug treatment decrease the liver enzymes by inhibiting the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors.
In University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences, thirty Wister rats, six rats in each five group were kept in stainless steel cages and following treatment plan was given to animals.
Group 1: (Negative control) injected I/P with physiological saline from day zero to day four and then given with 2% ethanol from day four to day ten.
Group:2 (MK positive control) injected I/P with MK(10mg/kg body weight, BW) from day four to day ten for consecutive seven days.
Group 3: (MTX positive control) injected at day zero I/p with a singl dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) per ten days.
Group 4: (MTX-MK 5) were given at day zero I/P with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) and then injected I/P with MK (5mg/kg BW) from day four to day ten for consecutive seven days.
Group 5: (MTK-MK 10) were given at day zero I/p with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) and then given I/P with MK (10mg/kg BW) from day four to day ten for consective seven days.
One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used for data analysis. Social sciences (SPSS) with the statistical package analysis was conducted inc. window version 20, Chicago, IIinois). Mean ± S.E.M was used for data presented. Duncan’s Multiple range test differences used for the group differences comparison.
Results
Montelukast decrease the risk of hepatic damage after cancerous drug treatment decrease the liver enzymes montelukast used against anti- cancerous drug methotrxate, and to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of montelukast on blood serum in rats to find the hepatoprotective effects on liver after methotrexate induced toxicity in rats.
Conclusion
End of this study we have concluded that methotrexate toxicity can be normalize with the use of montelukast, it reduce the chances of hepatic damage and serum cholesterol, high density lipids and triglycerides. Montelukast significantly reduce the total cholesterol, ALT and bilirubin level. it also normalize the bilirubin and albumin level in serum.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2926-T] (1).
