1.
Temporal Analysis Of Crude Spectacled Cobra Venom On Various Haematiological And Serolocical
by Zainab Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Zia Ullah | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: The snake venom has both neurotoxic and haemotoxic effects. The Pakistani spectacled black cobra venom is considered to be mainly neurotoxin and there is a need to evaluate its haemotoxic effects. This study aimed to determine the acute bio-physiological effects of LD50 dose of crude venom of cobraat different time intervals after I/M envenomation in mice.
The crude venom was obtained from the black cobra, Naja Naja karachensis found in the region of Mian Chanuu, Punjab and the venom was lyophilized. Twenty adult male mice, approximately 20g weight, were housed in cages for one week at the animal shed of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Blood was drawn by cardiac puncture after general anesthesia at time 0 from the five overnight-nonfed mice injected i/m with normal saline. Remaining mice (15 in number) were injected i/m with LD50 dose (1.2mg/kg) of cobra venom. Blood samples were collected from five animals at each time intervals of 1, 1.5 and 2 hours of envenomation. The hematological and biochemical parameters studied were complete blood count, estimation of plasma glucose, plasma total protein, plasma albumin, alanine aminotranferase and urea by commercially available enzymatic kits.
There was a significant increase in red blood cells count and its indices (haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and platelets at 1, 1.5 and 2 hours after envenomation in albino mice compared to 0 hr.A significant decrease in the count of white blood cells was observedafter 1 hour of injection compared to 0 hr, however it was increased significantly after
2 hours of envenomation compared to 0 hour. The lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes percentageswere not changed after envenomation in mice.Plasma glucose showed a significant decrease at 1 hour of I/M injection compared to 0 hr that increased in subsequent time intervals compared to 0 hr in albino mice. The concentration of urea was significantly increased at 1, 1.5 and 2hours of envenomation in comparison with the concentration at 0 hour. The concentration of plasma total proteins showed a significant increase at 2hours of time interval as compared to 0, 1 and 1.5hours after envenomation in mice. The plasma albumin concentration at 1.5 and 2hours of time interval showed a significant increase as compared to that at 0 and 1 hour. The concentration of ALT also increased at any time interval.
Therefore it is concluded that the crude spectacled cobra venom is both neurotoxin and hemotoxic in nature.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1775,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Gallic Acid On Oxidative Stress In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Sadia yaseen | Dr. Muhammad quaid zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz yousaf | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2061,T] (1).
3.
Development And Evaluation Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles As Feed Additives In Broilers
by Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Saima | Prof Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2129,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Xylanase On Feed Efficiency And Serum Biochemistry In Broilers
by Abida Niazi | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2156,T] (1).
5.
Comparison Of Caged And Aviary Environment On Haematological And Biochemical Profiles Of Peafowls
by Muhammad Tahir Aziz | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Zia Ullah.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2157,T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Xylanase On Visceral Organs, Tibio-Tarsal Index And Antioxidant Status In Broilers
by Rasheed Ahmad | DR. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2164,T] (1).
7.
Effect Of Phytase Supplementation On Growth Performance And Biochemical Parameters In Broiler Chickens
by Hafiz Kalimullah Khan | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Imran Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2165,T] (1).
8.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Fructo-Oligosaccharides And Manno-Oligosaccharides On Serum Biochemical Parameters In High-Fat Fed Rats
by Anam Jeelani (2013-VA-593) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Nauman Zahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Obesity is a public health issue, leading to metabolic disorders usually associated with the formation of cardiovascular disorder, fatty liver diseases and diabetes type II (Dewulf et al. 2006). Many factors considered to emergence of dyslipidemia and obesity (Parekh et al. 2014). Imbalance between intake of energy and utilizing of energy cause obesity, it might be caused by various factors including food intake, lack of physical activities, modern life style inherited, hypertension, and type of diet (Arora and Sharma 2011).
Many species of micro-organisms occupied gastrointestinal tract (GIT). But in colon portion most important populations are existing and showing symbiosis relationship which helps in maintaining good health (Roberfroid et al. 2010).GIT microflora is participating in metabolic disorders and obesity as well, indicating the fatty animal and human having different gut microbiota composition as compared to slim ones (Sanz et al. 2010). Reductions in Bacteroidetes and rise of the relative abundance of Firmicutes have been associated with obesity (Parnell et al. 2011).
Bifidobacteria play a part in the development of obesity and its related co-morbidities (Delzenne et al. 2011).It was found that decreased number of Bifidobacteria at birth was associated with overweight later in childhood (Kalliomaki et al. 2008). Diabetes mellitus type II patients having very less amount of such type of bacteria as compared to non diabetic person (Wu et al. 2010). Man considered as Holobiont or super-organism because of in its composition only 10% of human cells while rest of 90% are micro-organisms (Lederberg 2000).
Prebiotics are short chain length carbohydrates (Hang et al. 2013), non-digestible food constituents which significantly effects on the person by enhancing the metabolic activity, growth and also induce the production of GIT microbiota (Manning and Gibson 2004) and induce the growth of beneficial microflora and overcome the pathogenic organism (Gibson et al. 1995). The small intestine not having the enzymes for the decomposition of prebiotics, finally they reach the large intestine (Strickling et al. 2000; Gibson and Roberfroid 1995) where they are utilized by the beneficial microbiota to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (Yang et al. 2007), finally the pH of the brush border microenvironment goes down and reducing the pathogenic effects.
Generally, intestinal microbiota considered as important for health issues and immunomodulatory activities and food intake induce and stimulate the GIT (Rehman et al. 2007). Microbiota has significant roles in the host physiology, commencing from nutritional and metabolism, to infection and disease. Many evidences show, prebiotics in GIT stimulates many other systems as well for example lymphoid system (GALT). The expenditure of prebiotics can modulate defensive elements in GALT, secondary lymphoid tissues and blood circulation (Schley and Field 2007).
This selectivity was shown for bifidobacteria, which may be promoted by the ingestion of substances such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin (Gibson et al. 1995), transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (Tanaka et al. 1983).
FOS is an important group of prebiotics, which induce the production of bacteria in lower intestinal tract (Hang et al. 2013). FOS are oligosaccharides that found in plants for example in garlic, onion, artichoke, chicory, asparagus, banana, and in different plants. FOS composed of linear units of fructose and link together by beta (2-1) linkage.2 to 60 fructose number units together and end on glucose. Small intestine does not having the property to digest and hydrolysed the dietary FOS. While it contain Glycosidases and until it will be in ceum and there is no structural change of it. Then in metabolism of gut microbiota FOS converted into small chain carbolic acid, L-lactate, Hydrogen, Carbondioxide and other compounds. It contain very significant properties while low sweetness, may be use as calorie free, non-carcinogenic and are considered as soluble edible fibre. Many important and beneficial physiological aspects such as rate of mineral absorption increases, reduction of phosphoplipds, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Many food products contain FOS infant formulas causes to their prebiotic effect induce the growth of non-pathogenic gut microbiota. Metabolism affects the feces nature as well as the speed of deposition, and dose of 4-15 g/day taken by a normal person definitely having low constipation rate, also assume as a major problem of growth in a society. (Sabater-Molina et al. 2009).
FOS with significantly effected on GIT microbiota,lowering the GIT infections, and also possessing a recognized bifidogenic effect. Normally, prebiotics compounds collected by the extraction of many plants and then hydrolysed by enzymatic activity of sucrose (Hang et al. 2013).
Manno-oligosaccharide (MOS) obtained from mannans present on the cell wall of a fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well recognized prebiotic that contain competitive attaching sites for many bacteria, that’s why having capacity for many ligands. Pathogens having the mannose-specific fimbriae adsorb to the MOS rather intestinal epithelial cells (Spring et al. 2000).
Idea of prebiotics introduced in 1995, considered as non-digestable and partially fermented oligosaccharides found in food elements. Their presence in GIT may lower the effect of disease in colon. That idea about Prebiotics is revisited and possible mechanisms are proposed. Many functional aspects related to metabolism of prebiotics are assumed in sense of reducing many disorders (Van Loo 2004).
It is assumed that prebiotics have effects on the immune system, as it stabilizes the intestine by enhancing the gut microflora especially lactobacilli and some selected strains, which may change can modify host innate and acquired defensive mechanisms and also help to save in respiratory infections (Hori et al. 2001). Main objective of our current study is to elucidate effects of MOS, FOS supplementation on production performance, physiological indices of health including blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglycerides etc.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2222-T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Citrullus Colocynthis On Serobiological Parameters In Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
by Farah Javed (2012-VA-398) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam .
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting almost 25% of the world's population.The pretentious worldwide increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus is posturing a huge health problem in both developed and developing countries. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which is manifested by polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and is still one of the most leading causes of disability and death. Oral hypoglycemic agent and insulin are common treatment of diabetes but these treatments have prominent side effects. In the recent years the use ofherbal medicines has increased for the treatment of diabetes and fascinated the consideration ofmany researchers all over the world. Citrullus colocynthis is used commonly in different parts of the world for the treatment of a number of diseases including diabetes, jaundice, leprosy, cancer, asthma, bronchitis, joint pain and mastitis. In the present study I evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of roots of Citrullus colocynthis and also the dose dependent anti-diabetic effects of medicine in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Twenty-five adult male rats were divided into five groups; Negative control, Positive control, and 3 groups for different treatment dose of roots of Citrulllus colocynthis (200 mg/kg body weight, BW), Citrulllus colocynthis (300 mg/kg BW) and Citrulllus colocynthis (500 mg/kg BW). Diabetes induction had done in four groups, other than negative control (normal saline injected), by subcutaneous administration of alloxan (120 mg/kg BW). Blood glucose level of rats reached above 250mg/dl considered as hyperglycemic. Treatment was given to all groups excluding control negativefor 21 days. Body weight of rats of all groups was recorded weekly. After completing 21 days of treatment with different doses of roots of Citrullus colocynthis blood samples were collected in fasting condition from rats of each group by cardiac punctureunder general anesthesia. Serum was collected from blood to measure serum glucose level, serum lipid profile, liver function test and renal function test.
Result data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Data was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The obtained results showed that roots of Citrullus colocynthis has efficiency to control the diabetes mellitus by reducing serum glucose levels as well as the increasing dose decreased the serum glucose levels. Only 500mg/kg body weight dose is efficient to reduce the muscle wastage due to diabetes in alloxan induce diabetic rats. This dose also works tomaintain the serum ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and triglycerides, HDL-C LDL-C levels.
The data obtained from this study also show the dose dependent anti-diabetic activity of medicine as the dose of 500mg/kg body weight is more effective to control the diabetes as compared to other two doses; 200mg/kg body weight and 300mg/kg body weight.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2297-T] (1).
10.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Serum Mineral Profile And Bone Health Of Broilers
by Sidrah Shafique (2013-VA-845) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Background: Zn is an essential mineral of biological importance and in the past processed and unprocessed forms of Zn was used with uncertain composition. Zn is very important from nutritional point of view and is often supplemented in poultry diet. Zn promotes the growth, skeletal development, mineral retention, Zn concentration in tissues, production of neutropphils and antibodies and it improves the functions of macrophages. Zn deficiency causes reduction in weight gain, skeletal malformations, poor bone mineralization and immunological dysfunctions. ZnO nanoparticles (ZONP) are mostly used due to its advantages over conventional forms. Current study is aimed to evaluate the effects of ZONP on serum minerals profile, tibial bone minerals profile and bone health in broilers.
Hypothesis: ZONP may enhance bone health and serum minerals in broiler.
Methodology: The study included 120 day-old broiler chicks divided into four groups, each with 6 replicates. Group A served as control group and group B, C and D served as treatment groups supplemented with 80mg/kg ZnO, 40mg/kg ZONP and 80mg/kg ZONP respectively. At the end of 35 days, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered to collect tibial bone samples and blood samples. The parameters reported were bone health i.e. bone weight, bone length, robusticity index and tibiotarsal index and minerals in serum and bones were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed using one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Results: This study helped us to determine the bone health and minerals level of bones and serum in response to ZONP in broiler. The results showed no change in serum and bones level of Zn, Fe, K and Na in Zn supplemented groups compared to control group but serum and bones Ca level showed significant increase in Zn supplemented groups compared to control group. The results showed no significant difference in bone dry weight, wet weight, length, bone diameter, medullary canal diameter, robusticity index and tibiotarsal index of broilers supplemented with Zn compared to control group.
Conclusion: It is concluded that Zn supplementation, either ZnO or ZONP, has no effect on bones health, bone minerals and serum minerals. However, Ca level of bones and serum was increased by Zn (either ZnO or ZONP)
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2304-T] (1).
11.
Effects Of Ginkgo Biloba And Panax Ginseng On Metabolism Of Carbohydrate, Lipids And Insulin Receptor Genes In Diabetic Rats
by Mahrukh Naseem (2011-VA-531) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Diabetes is a major public health issue. As conventional pharmaceutical agents have greater incidences of adverse effects so the interest in the natural remedies has increased greatly in the last few decades. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) and Panax ginseng root extract (PGE) are ancient Chinese herbal drugs that have prominent position in the list of the best-selling natural remedies and are increasingly being used for the treatment of diabetes. The anti-diabetic effect of GBE is attributed to flavonoides while that of PGE is attributed to ginsenosides. In this study, GBE and PGE in combination showed significantly higher anti-diabetic effects than individual extracts in diabetic rats.
Adult Wistar rats were allowed to feed on a high fat diet (HFD: 12.7% maize starch, 6.5% dextrose, 3.9% sunflower oil, 31.3% beef tallow and 28.6% casein by weight) for two weeks. The rats were divided into seven groups (08 rats in each group): Non-diabetic control group, Diabetic group, Diabetic + 100 mg/kg G. biloba leaf extract treated group (GBE), Diabetic + 300 mg/kg, P. ginseng root extract treated group (PGE), mixed 1 group : Diabetic + combination of both GBE and PGE at dose of 200 mg/kg/day (50mg/kg/day of GBE and 150mg/kg/day of PGE), mixed 2 group : Diabetic + combination of both GBE and PGE at dose of 400mg/kg/day (100mg/kg/day of GBE and 300mg/kg/day of PGE), mixed 3 group : Diabetic + combination of both GBE and PGE at dose of 600mg/kg/day (150mg/kg/day of GBE and 450mg/kg/day of PGE). At the end of the 14th day, the rats were kept in fasting condition overnight and then a single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (Sigma, USA) dissolved in 0.5 ml of saline solution at a dose of 120-130 mg/Kg body weight was injected in all rats except for the non-diabetic group which were injected with an equal volume of normal
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saline. Body weight (BW) and blood glucose were measured at week 1 and week 14. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples in fasting/ basal state were collected from heart puncture for the biochemical parameters. Liver, muscles and adipose tissue were also collected for mRNA expression of genes involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
Results were expressed as Means ± S.E.M. Statistical analyses was performed using Statview software (SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, USA). Two-ways repeated measure ANOVA followed by PLSD Fisher's test was performed for BW and blood glucose to assess the effects of time and herbal drugs. For the rest of the parameters, one-way ANOVA followed by PLSD Fisher's test was performed to assess the effect of herbal drugs. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
A significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in the BW of the diabetic group was recorded compared to non-diabetic rats and a significant reduction in BW was observed after treatment in all the five treated groups compared to diabetic group. Glycemia was significantly higher in the diabetic rats (P < 0.0001) compared to non-diabetic rats and a significant reduction in the blood glucose level was recorded in all the five treated groups (P < 0.0001) group in comparison to the diabetic group. A significant reduction for fasting serum glucose (FSG) (P < 0.0001) was recorded for all the five treated groups compared to the non-treated diabetic rats. We linked the reduction in hyperglycemia to the mRNA expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. In particular, we studied the gene expressions of GLUT-4, insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphoenolpyrovate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in liver, muscle and adipose tissue. A significant up-regulation for the mRNA expression of GLUT-4 was observed only in muscle in all the five treated groups, i.e. GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.001), mixed 1 (P < 0.0001), mixed 2 (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001). We found a significant down-
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regulation in the mRNA expression of IR in muscle (P < 0.0001) and adipose tissue (P < 0.05) in the diabetic group compared to non-diabetic rats, however, a significant up-regulation was found in mixed 3 group in muscle (P < 0.001) and adipose tissue (P < 0.05). We found a significant down-regulation (P < 0.001) for IRS-1 in liver in diabetic state and a significant up-regulation was recorded in GBE (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) groups only. We found a significant down-regulation of IRS-1 in muscle (P < 0.0001) and adipose tissues (P < 0.0001) in the diabetic group. None of the treated group showed significant results in muscles however, a significant up-regulation was found only in PGE (P < 0.001) and in the mixed 3 group (P < 0.0001) in adipose tissue. A significant up-regulation was recorded for PEPCK in GBE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) groups in liver.
A significant increase of blood cholesterol was found in rats in the diabetic state (P < 0.0001) and a significant reduction was found only in the mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treated group. A significant decrease was found for VLDL-C in mixed 1 (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups. A significant decreased was observed for LDL-C in mixed 1, mixed 2 and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups which previously found to be enhanced in diabetic condition. In case of HDL-c a significant decreased was found for GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) which was previously found to be increased in the diabetic group (P < 0.0001). Conversely, a significant increase was seen for TG (P < 0.0001) in the diabetic state and a significant reduction was found in all the five treated groups (P < 0.0001). We further studied genes involved in lipid metabolism. A significant up-regulation was found for SREBP-1c in diabetic group (P < 0.0001) and a significant down-regulation was found to occur in mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treated groups compared to untreated diabetic rats. In the liver, a significant up-regulation
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in the mRNA expression of FAS was found only in mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) treated groups which found to be down regulated in the untreated diabetic group (P < 0.001). A significant down-regulation in the mRNA expression of PPAR-α was found in diabetic rats skeletal muscle (P < 0.05), however, a significant up-regulation was found in GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.05) mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treatment groups in comparison to diabetic rats. We studied PPAR-γ in adipose tissue and found a significant up-regulation in PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups which had previously been found to be down regulated (P < 0.001) in diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic rats.
We found that the body of the diabetic rats suffer with oxidative stress and measured a significant decrease for CAT (P < 0.0001) in diabetic group and significant increase was found in GBE (P < 0.05), PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.05), mixed 3(P < 0.05) groups compared to diabetic rats. Whereas, a significant decreased was recorded for MDA in GBE (P < 0.05), PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups, which previously showed a significant increased (P < 0.001) in diabetic group compared to non-diabetic. We linked oxidative stress with TNF- α and found a significant up-regulation (P < 0.0001) for all the three studied organs in diabetic groups compared to the non-diabetic group. In case of liver a significant down-regulation was found for GBE (P < 0.0001), PGE (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups compared to untreated diabetic rats. A significant down-regulation in the expression of TNF- α in muscle was recorded only in the mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups compared to diabetic rats. However, a significant down-regulation in the expression of TNF- α in adipose tissue was observed for all the treated groups (P < 0.0001 for all groups) in comparason to the diabetic group.
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For serum creatinine a significant enhancement was observed for PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) groups which were previously found to be reduced in diabetic rats. A significant increase for AST was found in diabetes (P < 0.0001) compared to non-diabetic rats, while a significant reduction was found to occur only for PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treated groups in comparison to the untreated diabetic group. Like AST a significant reduction was recorded for ALT in the diabetic group (P < 0.001) and only GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) showed a significant decreased in ALT level compared to untreated diabetic rats.
In conclusion, we found that both GBE and PGE have strong individual anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyper-triglyceridemic and anti-oxidative effects in an alloxan monohydrate induced rat model of diabetes. Both also showed strong influence on the activation on the expression of genes involved in the metabolic pathways of glucose and lipid which previously became dysfunctional in diabetic rats. When both these natural remedies were given in combination, synergistic effects were recorded in a dose dependent manner. Further work is needed to evaluate the way by which human beings suffering from diabetes are safely treated with these herbal remedies. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2260-T] (1).
12.
Effects Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Supplementation On Serum Biochemical Profile In Broilers
by Natasha Laraib (2013-VA-568) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Zinc is a component of about three hundred enzymes of all six enzyme classes. Zinc oxide nano particles (ZNOPs) improve the antioxidant status of broilers. By using ZNOPs, the bioavailability increases due to its smallest size and large surface area. Up to the best of our knowledge, no research work has been conducted on supplementation of ZNOPs in poultry in Pakistan and very little has been documented worldwide.
ZNOPs improve the anti-oxidant health status of broilers at low concentrations compared with bulk zinc oxide.
The study was consist of 100 day-old broiler chicks and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consists of five replicates (n= 5 in each replicate). Group A was control fed with basal diet (BD) only, Group B was supplemented with 80 mg ZnO/kg BD, Group C and D was supplemented with 40 and 80 mg ZNOPs/kg BD respectively for 35 days. The parameters were delayed type hyper sensitivity, malondialdehyde, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, triiodothyronine, thyroxin, creatinine, bilirubin, urea and uric acid.
Statistical analysis was conducted with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20 USA). The data was analyzed using one way ANOVA.
The results of serum glucose concentration was found significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Group B and Group C compared to the Group A but was found similar to Group D Delayed type hyper sensitivity, Serum Anti-oxidant status, Serum Proteins, Serum
thyroid hormone level, Kidney Function Tests, Serum Bilirubin Concentration were found non-significant (P < 0.05) in all the groups compared to the control group.
ZNOPs do not cause nephrotoxicity hence they are safe for kidney .These particles does not disturb the thyroid hormones. However their antioxidant and protein effects were not observed in our study. That could be due to low dose of ZNOPs. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2412-T] (1).
