1.
Development Of Standard Protocols For Preparation And Evaluation Of Liver Homogenate Vaccines Against
by Sahidullah | prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Twelve vaccines were prepared from HPS infected liver homogenate by using two different virus concentrations (1x102 &1x103 LD50) and two virus inactivants (1%formalin and 0.001%Binary ethyleneimine) with and with out different adjuvants. These vaccines were evaluated in 13 groups of day old broilers (105 chicks) for their comparative immunogenicity and protection. At day 14 of age, groups A1, B1, C1 & D1 were vaccinated with 4 oil base vaccines (OB-HPSV) with different virus concentration and different inactivants. Similarly groups A2, B2, C2 & D2 were vaccinated with aluminized vaccines (AH-HPSV) and groups A3, B3, C3 & D3 with non adjuvant vaccines (NA-HPSV). Groups E was kept as unvaccinated control group. All the vaccinated birds were found sero-positive 7 days post vaccination (PV). IHA GMT results indicated no difference for different virus concentrations and different virus inactivants but same adjuvant. The IHA GMT recorded weekly during 0-28 days post vaccination was the highest and more consistent (52-181) for OB-HPSV followed by AH-HPSV (52-147) and then NA-HPSV (73.3-104). All the birds vaccinated with OB-HPSV resisted the virus challenge 21 days PV (100% protection). While protection percentage recorded for AH-HPSV and NA-HPSV was 87.5 % & 62.5% respectively. It was concluded that 1x102 LD50 oil base vaccines inactivated with either formalin or binary amine may be recommended for commercial use being the best in experimental trails.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0878,T] (1).
2.
Studies On In Vitro Culture Characteristics Of Adherent Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (Bhk-21) Cell Line
by Saddeq-ru-Rahman | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Baby Hamster Kidney-2 1 (BHK-2 1) cell line growth pattern, growth requirements, growth effectors, cryopreservation and its susceptibility to different animal viruses were studied to optimize the in vitro culture requirements and conditions for maintenance and long time cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen of this cell line. It was observed that BHK-2l cells multiplied fast during first 48 hours and made a complete monolayer after getting confluency with in 72 hours post incubation which was followed by a decline phase. Fetal calf serum has growth stimulating effect and 5 - 10% serum level was satisfactory for the maintenance of cell line. While harvesting the cells from a flask, Trypsin (0.25%) with neutralization by fetal calf serum (5-10%) was found better. For cell storage 10% Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) through gradual cooling maintained maximum recovery of viable cells during cryopreservation.
Footh and mouth disease virus (FMDV; serotype "0" and "A") were adapted to cell this cell line, while canine parvo virus (CPV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV LaSota strain), canine distemper virus (CDV), and hydropericardium syndrome virus (HPSV) could not adapted to this cell line through five blind passages in this study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0916,T] (1).
3.
Seroprevalence Of Bovine Brucellosis In District Quetta, Balochistan
by Muhammad Shafee | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: The sero-epidemiological study of bovine brucellosis was carried out to observe the incidence of brucellosis in slaughterhouse and Government and private dairy farm, (GDF, PDF) Quetta, Balochistan. The prevalence of this disease out of 780 serum samples of cattle and buffalo in slaughterhouse was recorded 3% by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and 3.20% by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA), respectively. The zoonotic natures of this disease was also checked by screening 20 serum samples of slaughterhouse workers butchers and veterinarians and were found (5%) 01 positive out of 20 by RBPT but no positive case was found by i-ELISA. Similarly the disease was also checked in 200 milk samples of Government and Privatly owned Dairy Farm, Quetta.
The overall prevalence observed in the area by screening 1000 serum and milk samples of the target human, cattle and buffalo, was 4.2 % through i-ELISA.
The prevalence observed in Government Dairy Farm (GDF), Quetta was 14.8% (11 positive out of 74) while the Private Dairy Farm (PDF), exhibited 4.76% (6 positive out of 126 milk samples) by screening through i-ELISA. At GDF, Quetta, out of total of 74 cattle, no case were found positive by MRT, although 03 cases were found doubtful while i-ELISA show 11 positive cases in cattle (14.8%) while in private dairy farm 4 out of 15 cattle (26%) were found positive and 01 was considered doubtful by MRT and ELISA detected 06 cases of cattle out of 15(40%). Similarly 2 out of Ill (1.8%) buffalo were positive and 02 were doubtful by MRT but ELJSA did not detect any positive case and the prevalence of bovine brucellosis was higher in animals with reproductive disorders especially in cases of abortion.
The present study also revealed that the disease is more prevalent in cattle than buffalo both in slaughterhouse and organized dairy farm (Govt and private). In slaughterhouse 12 out of 23 cases were found positive by RBPT and 22 out of 23 were found positive by i-ELISA while in organized dairy farm all of the 17 milk samples were found positive from cattle population.
The efficacy of the i-ELISA both for milk and serum samples was found higher than other two conventional tests (MRT and RBPT), as it detected higher percentage of brucellosis cases both in serum and milk samples in comparison to other two tests.
The results of this study have revealed an alarming situation of bovine brucellosis in our dairy animals, which needs an emergent response from policy makers, as the disease is a potential threat to the human and animal health.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0964,T] (1).
4.
Effects Of Different Disinfectatnts On Pathogens In Poultry
by Asif Abbas Malik | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: Poultry sector is the second largest industry after textile in Pakistan. It is threatened by various diseases i.e; Newcastle disease (ND), Avian Influenza (Al), Colibacillosis, Hydro-pericardium syndrome (HPS) and Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro). The efficacy of various available disinfectants (Hygen 275 — 2000 H, Virkon S and Aldekol) was tested at 2x, lx and Y2 x dilution against Staphylococcus aureus, Escheria Coil, Newcastle Disease virus and Avian Influenza virus. Each dilution of all the disinfectant was divided into 4 aliquots i.e; a, b, c and d (each of the
aliquot, for each pathogen). Each aliquot were mixed with equal volume of either of the pathogen. The mixture of the disinfectant and the pathogen was incubated at 37°C for a period of 15, 30 and 45 minutes of interaction. The contents were collected aseptically and processed to evaluate the effectiveness of the disinfectants. Disinfectant A (Hygen 275-2000H) showed good bactericidal as well as virucidal activity at 1% dilution. Disinfectant B (Virkon S) was able to kill all the bacteria and viruses even at 0.25 % dilution. While, disinfectant C (Aldekol) effectively killed the bacteria and viruses at 0.5 % and I % dilutions. Results of the study will help the farmers to adopt effective biosecurity measures to minimize the challenges at farm level.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0966,T] (1).
5.
Sero-Prevalence Of Brucellosis In Buffaloes And Cattle Of Swat Valley And Government Livestock Farms,Nwfp
by Azhar Khan | Prof.Dr.Masood Rabbani | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Prof.Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease that is associated with chronic debilitating infections in humans and reproductive failure in domestic animals (Corbell, 1997). The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes and cattle were undertaken by collecting samples from animals brought to various slaughterhouses and Private and Govt. farms in Swat valley and Peshawar division by screening through i-LLISA, MRT and RBPT. Out of 850 samples, 600 sera, 200 milk samples were collected along with 50 samples of slaughterhouse worker, butcher and veterinarian for this study.
All the serum samples tested through RBPT and I-ELISA showed the overall prevalence 3.67% and 4.33% in the cattle and buffaloes population respectively while the combined prevalence in the cattle, buffaloes and human population through RBPT was 3.38 % and through i-ELISA was 4%.
The high rate of brucellosis was recorded through RBPT and i-ELISA in buffaloes
( 4.75%,5.5%) while 0.0% prevalence in male buffaloes through RBPT and iELISA, where as in female buffaloes it was 4.85% through RBPT and through i-ELISA was 5.626%.
The comparatively low rate (1.5%) of brucellosis was noted in cattle through the RBPT and 2% through i-ELISA while in female cattle it was 1.587% through the RBPT and through i-ELISA 2.12% with 0.0% in males.
Among the serum samples (30) of buffalo and cattle having reproductive disorder were tested through the same tests which showed overall prevalence 16.6%. The prevalence at Cattle Breeding and Dairy farm 1-larichand and Livestock Research and Development Farm (Surrezai was 0.0% through Milk Ring Test and i-ELISA.
Also cattle milk samples (110) from private farms in swat valley showed prevalence through Milk Ring Test 0.9% and through i-ELISA prevalence was noted to be 1 .82%. As 50 human serum samples were tested through RBPT and i-ELISA but none of these samples were positive showed that the prevalence of brucellosis in human being is very low, The comparison of RBPT, MRT and i-ELISA (milk and serum) was also analyzed statistically by z-test, the data revealed insignificant results.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1012,T] (1).
6.
Study On Molecular Diagnosis Of Canine Distemper Virus
by Muhammad Zubair Shabbir | Prof.Dr.Masood Rabbani | Prof.Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Prof.dr.Zafar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Samples from fourty five dogs were submitted to the University diagnostic Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore from January, 2007 to January 2008 for diagnosis of CDV infection. These dogs presented to referring veterinarians with clinical signs suspicious of CDV infection. Hematological examination (lymphocyte count) was carried out using K-EDTA anti-coagulant added whole blood and RT-PCR tests were performed using biological fluid samples that include plasma, nasal and conjunctival swabs. Only distemper positive dogs by RT-PCR were followed up for subsequent lymphocyte count and prognosis of distemper infection.
All the distemper positive dogs were lymphopenic but the degree of severity was variable as the samples were collected from dogs of different ages and phase of the disease. The study revealed that lymphopenia can be used to support presumptive clinical diagnosis but required laboratory procedure for confirmation and animal regain its normal value with the passage of time subjected to recovery. During followed up, two dogs were found to be dead because of CDV infection mixed with secondary bacterial infection in which one exhibited the nervous sign like teeth grinding, ataxia, convulsions and in coordination in body movements.
Only ten (22.22%) samples were found positive by RT-PCR using plasma, nasal and conjunctival swabs. CDV RNA was detected in 60% of plasma samples, 70% of nasal and 100% of conjunctival swab sample from lymphopenic dogs whereas the percentage was 13.33, 15,55, and 22.22 from a total of 45 samples. No amplicon of expected length was obtained from normal healthy dogs. On comparison of different fluid samples, the sensitivity of conjunctival swab was found to be highly significant followed by nasal swab and plasma.
In conclusion, Lymphopenia is the suggestive of clinical infection of dogs with canine distemper virus ad can help in presumptive diagnosis. It is not necessary that all lymphopenic dogs are distemper posit it requires further laboratory confirmtion. In this context, RT-PCR is test of choice with samples including conjunctival swabs and plasma.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1034,T] (1).
7.
Comparative Efficacy Of Rocombinant Avian Influenza H9N2 Vectored Vaccine In Poultry
by Nadia Mukhtar | Prof.Dr.Masood Rabbani | Dr.Tahir Yaqub | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Younas.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: A correlative study testing the impact of different urban congestions in Lahore upon the bird abundance and diversity was conducted in the monsoon and winter season. A platform of 6 feet diameter and 4 feet height, with a variety of seeds, was offered to attract the grainivorous birds. The number and variety of birds visiting the feeding station was noted, from Dawn to dusk after a period of 6 day installation, which depicted the bird's urbanization in the area. A significant increase in the abundance of birds was observed in the winter season. Areas with large sized pockets of vegetation supported the largest diversity of birds. Grain preference of the birds recorded in the different areas studied showed a relationship between the age long practices of feeding birds with the habituation of the birds.
In order of Preference Birds of most areas preferred Pearl Millet (Bajra) seeds, and Rice Seeds, over others. The next choice of food was shown to be Italian Millet and Red Italian Millet, when the amount of these decreased birds started feeding on, Sunflower, then Safflower, and Wheat. Mustard, corn and Chick peas remained feed of least preference. A weak correlation was found between urban population congestion and the number of pigeons, doves, babblers, house sparrows and silver bills. These birds are considered to be urbanized.
As shown in the Tables the results suggest that more grainivorous species and invasive species such as House Sparrows are present in the central parts of the city. The outskirts of Lahore, the sub urban areas enjoy a large diversity of avifauna. This finding is supported by Mathew and Naik (1993). Areas where a considerable amount of vegetation is present, such as parks, gardens or big lawns with a lot of vegetation provide a good habitat can be considered as "Pockets of Wilderness" These areas, provide food and habitat for a variety of bird species. Although an exponential increase in urban congestion of cities and a need for further development does not allow room for large areas supporting natural vegetation. However, a plan has to be developed which would ensure a set amount of area for vegetation, to support a healthy diversity of bird species.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1265,T] (1).
8.
Dynamics Of Recombinant Avian Influenza Virus H9-Ha Gene Herpesvirus Of Turkey Vector Vaccine In Chicken
by Shumaila Rani | Prof.Dr.Masood Rabbani | Dr.Tahir Yaqub | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Avian influenza (AI) is known to exist for centuries. It's primarily a disease of birds. For prevention and control of H9N2 avian influenza disease, HA gene from Pakistani H9N2 field virus isolate (PK-UDL/01/08 H9N2) cloned into a herpesvirus of turkey (rHVT/AI-H9 having full HA) at Institute for Animal Health, Compton, UK, expressing HA proteins, was given subcutaneously (in the neck). Commercial avian influenza vaccine was given to chicken through intramuscular route.
On termination of the experiment, the chicks from all groups were sacrificed and their visceral organs were collected on chick-wise basis. Besides this, blood was collected for complete blood counts (CBC) and blood chemistry. Results of groups were then compared for any significant difference. The data analyses showed that in complete blood counts, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) of total leukocyte counts of different groups of chickens but heterophil percentages showed variation among different groups.
Analyses of Serum chemistry results showed that glucose and protein concentration in serum varies significantly (p>0.05) among the different groups of birds. However, there was no significant difference of cholesterol levels among the groups of chickens.
For determining the persistence of rHVT/AI-H9 having full HA virus in different visceral organ and in blood samples of Group A, results of the PCR showed the persistence of herpes turkey virus in leukocytes, spleen, liver, lung, kidney and heart. This project helped in evaluating dynamics of recombinant HVT containing avian influenza HA gene from avian influenza H9N2 Pakistani isolate.
In future the study may be continued for further biological characterization by isolating the HVT from different visceral organ in different interval of time and fractionating the serum protein and analyzing the gamma globulin fraction in serum to measuring the humoral immune response against the recombinant vaccine.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1276,T] (1).
9.
Uterine Microbial Flora Of Sahiwal Cattle During Oestrus And Its Relayionship With Pregnancy Rate
by Habib- Ur- Rehman | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Ali Ahmad Sheikh | Prof. Dr. Nasim.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: In the present study uterine microbial flora of Sahiwal cattle during oestrus and its relationship with pregnancy rate was determined. According to the results a total of 11 bacterial species were isolated from 50 uterine samples of estrus Sahiwal cattle, maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRI), Bahardur Nagar, district Okara, Punjab province, Pakistan. The isolates include E. coli, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Citrobacter diversus, Salmonella spp., Proteus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. Tabulation of results showed that prevalence of these isolates was different among pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Moreover, E .coli, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter diversus are found to be thriving in uterus as normal microbial flora, whereas, Streptococcus spp. isolate as abnormal microbial flora appearing to be having some role in decreasing pregnancy rate. While, Pseudomonas spp., Corynebacterium spp. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella spp., and Proteus spp. Isolates could not be differentiable as normal and abnormal uterine microbial flora due to insignificant available data. Furthermore, complete blood counts of 50 blood samples of these same animals indicated that those animals harboring isolates like Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Corynebacterium spp. in their uterus, had more likelihood of abnormally increased value of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) than to presence of any other bacteria. But due to lower data of Pseudomonas spp., and Corynebacterium spp isolated from total samples, only Streptococcus spp. seemed to be ranked as abnormal in Pakistani Sahiwal cattle cows. Interestingly all those animals from where Corynebacterium spp. was isolated, were showing increased values both of MCV and HCT (Hematocrit) which is indicative of their pathogenic role in causing uterine infections.
On the basis of this study it can be modestly concluded that uterine microbial flora identification may serve as a better tool in assessing and foretelling the reproductive health status of the breeding animals. After necessary assessment, presence of any harmful microbial flora or pathogen can be effectively treated through either selecting an appropriate antibiotic by using culture sensitivity testing or by using any suitable bactericidal agent thereby help in boosting conception and pregnancy rates.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1293,T] (1).
10.
Uterine Microbial Frlora Of Nili Ravi Buffalo During Estrus And Its Relationship With Pregnancy Rate
by Sohail Raza | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Ali Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Iqbal.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The low conception rate has been reported as one of the major cause of poor productivity of livestock. Beside other reasons, presence of different types of microflora inside the uterus of breeding animals, play a key role in the failure of pregnancy. All these microbes results in the infection of uterus ultimately affecting drastically the animal's conception rate. To study the impact of microbial flora on conception rate, 50 Nili Ravi buffalos were selected from Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki. The breeding animals in heat just before artificial insemination were used to collect bacterial samples with the help of especially prepared and sterilized AI rod with some accessories. The samples were processed for the identification of bacterial microflora by doing number of conventional tests for final characterization. In this study seven different bacterial isolates were identified from all the samples. These include: Escherichia coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Citrobacter species, Proteus species, Lactbacillus species, and Micrococcus species. After elapse of proper period of time the pregnancy statuses of all these buffaloes were determined and correlated with the presence or absence of isolated microbes. The results indicated that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were the most prominent bacteria in all the samples collected from pregnant, non pregnant and aborted animals. These two isolates could be designated as normal uterine microbial flora of Nili-Ravi buffaloes because of their presence during all the physical and pathological conditions. Proteus species and Micrococcus species were mostly isolated in pregnant animals. Statistical analysis also confirmed the above statement. Previous reports corroborate the present study and confirm that these bacteria are ranked as normal uterine microbial flora of bovines. So the previous study and present results confirm that both are the normal uterine microbial flora of pregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes In the present study the prevalence of the Citrobacter spp. only in the aborted animals is supported by the previous studies which show that Citrobacter spp. Is only present in the diseased animals and it also cause the sporadic abortion. Statistical analysis of the data also proved the significance of Citrobacter spp. in aborted animals. So this concludes that Citrobacter spp. are the abnormal uterine microbial flora of Nili-Ravi buffaloes in Pakistan which leads to abortion. The present study has been able us to find the normal and the abnormal uterine microbial flora of Nili-Ravi buffaloes. This information will help to understand the infection process in breeding buffaloes and through corrective actions may decrease the infection rate / abortion rate in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1306,T] (1).
11.
Passive Immunization Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infected Birds Using Chemically Purified Immune Yolk
by Ammara Akram | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a major killer disease of poultry. It is also known as
Gumboro disease where the disease was reported first time. It is double stranded RNA
virus belongs to the family birna viridae. This disease is quite endemic in Pakistan
which has huge impact on poultry industry. Besides vaccination if immune yolk is
properly harvested and purified it can be used for treating of IBDV infected birds.
Therefore this work has been outlined to study the effectiveness of immune yolk in
experimentally produced IBDV infected birds. Refinement of yolk IgY from egg yolk
of immunized hens. Suitability in using hyperimmune egg yolk in IBD infected bird
in field conditions. In order to get hyper immunized egg yolk 20 commercial layers
were raised in poultry shed of the university. They were supplied with fresh water and
feed ad libitum with proper hygienic condition. The birds were vaccinated with oil
based killed Gumboro vaccine twice at 15 days interval at the age of 26 weeks to get
immune yolk. Eggs were collected at two weeks interval till two and half months after
boosting. Immune yolk was purified by chemical means. Antibody against IBD in egg
yolk and semi purified egg yolk IgY was measured by indirect ELISA kit method.
The eggs which were collected 15 days interval after boosting had the highest
antibody titre which decline with the passage oftime and lowest was recorded 75 days
after boosting. Similar pattern of results were also observed in semi purified egg yolk.
However significant antibody titre was lost during purification process. 50
commercial chicks of 15 days old were purchased and they were reared in poultry
shed in the university up to 36 days. They were splitted in eight groups and two
experiments were carried out side by side. In experimental chicks the birds were
challenged with the Gumboro infected bursal homogenates which were confirmed by agar gel diffusion tests. In first experiment the birds were challenged at the day of 30 days and they were provided with passive therapy of immune yolk and semi purified
IgY after 3 days of challenge. In the second experiment the birds were challenged and
passive immuno therapy was provided 24 hours interval of challenge and concurrently. The birds which received semi purified immune yolk and antibody titre having more or less 4000 they showed 20% mortality in the each group.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1355,T] (1).
12.
A Metagenomic Analysis Of The Respiratory Microbiota Of Birds
by Muhammad Zubair Shabbir | Prof.Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: The respiratory systems of birds are susceptible to and are a reservoir for numerous bacterial species, including those of significance to public health. A number of bacteria, either as primary or secondary infectious agents, have been associated with respiratory outbreaks in poultry and subsequent losses worldwide. A key component of a poultry development policy is the proper diagnosis and control of infectious diseases, which requires substantial knowledge of the microbiome in diseased and healthy birds. Because only a small proportion (< 1%) of organisms are culturable, limited as well as highly variable and time-consuming conventional microbiological procedures have typically excluded the normal flora present in the respiratory tract or have restricted the analysis to potential pulmonary pathogens. This limitation provides only a partial representation of the airway microbiota of birds and has little potential for determining or discovering novel organisms/pathogens and their association with clinical outcomes. Using the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, culture-independent techniques such as 454-pyrosequencing, can provide species-specific sequences of any bacteria in a given clinical sample. This approach has identified a number of novel bacterial species in recent years.
Based on the quality and quantity of the double-stranded gDNA, a total of 30 T-BAL samples including houbara bustard and ostrich, were collected from equal numbers of clinically diseased and healthy birds originating from flocks within different management systems, including free range, open house, and controlled house. Using 454 bar-coded pyrosequencing, the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene corresponding to V1 - V5 (~ 1,000 bp) were sequenced. Of the high-quality reads obtained (296,811) using the MOTHUR platform, the sequences were processed for sequence alignment with the 16S RDP database via BLASTn, and subsequent taxonomic analysis through MEGAN programs using a homology-based method to bin sequence reads.
Almost all of the read were classified to the bacterial domain and its subsequent descendants. The birds were shown to be susceptible to a diverse microbial community belonging to a variety of phyla, families, genera, and well-characterized bacterial species. The bacterial communities were relatively conserved at the phylum level; however, at lower taxonomic levels, differences were observed in the phylotypes and abundance between the clinically diseased and healthy birds as well as between different management systems. The biodiversity and richness in the taxonomic content was higher in the clinically healthy birds compared with the diseased birds, as indicated by the rarefaction plot and the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson-Reciprocal diversity indices. Regardless of the management type, bird species, and health status, a number of new bacterial species were identified. Although the clinical importance of these bacteria as part of the respiratory microbiome of birds has not been established, a number of these bacterial species have been found to be associated with infectious diseases in humans and other species.
The interactions of bacterial species with one another and, potentially, with the birds themselves provide a fascinating avenue for continued research. Further clinico-pathological studies will be needed to establish the links between causes versus effects. This information may help us gain insight into the ecological roles of these bacterial species and their potential co-evolution with birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1560,T] (1).
13.
Molecular Identification Of Soil Borne Bacillus Anthracis From Districts Lahore And Sheikhupura
by Tariq Jamil | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Zubair Shabbir | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Background:
Anthrax is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. Accurate assays for etiological identification are necessary to ensure proper veterinary and medical health facilities against such diseases. Real-time PCR is a powerful technique to identify this organism based on the presence of two unique plasmids (pXO1 and pXO2) and is highly preferable technique over conventional detection assays in clinical and environmental samples both.
Methodology:
Real Time-PCR technique was used to identify Bacillus anthracis bacteria in the soils of districts Lahore and Sheikhupura. Soil samples were collected from each village of both districts and processed for genome extraction using commercial soil DNA extraction kit. Following genome extraction, the samples were run further for real-time PCR analysis. Positive controls, primers and probes were provided by the Penn state University. SPSS software and pearson's chi square distribution test were used for statistical analysis.
Findings and Suggestions:
Real-time PCR was found as a powerful tool to detect Bacillus anthracis in environmental samples. The bacterium detected was of non-virulent type and showed associations with soil humidity and land use. Further studies may include study of the bacterium with respect to soil-chemistry and sero-prevalence among positive areas of the two districts. Strain characterization is also recommended. The present results may also help in ecological niche modelling by using spatial mapping techniques. Such studies will help in a better understanding of soil as a reservoir for zoonotic organisms and surveillance of the diseases.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1817,T] (1).
14.
Comparative Analysis Of Respiratiory Microbiota From Clinically Healthy And Deseased Broiler Breeders
by Husnain Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: The pulmonary system of birds is a considered a reservoir of innumerable bacterial pathogens including those which are subject to public health significance. This scenario makes respiratory tract of birds prone to many bacterial infections as well. There are many respiratory outbreaks in poultry that causes huge economic losses and a number of bacterial pathogens either acting as primary or secondary pathogen can be held responsible for these losses. A very small fraction of (<1%) of bacterial species are culturable, limited as well as highly variable and time consuming conventional microbiological procedures have typically excluded the normal flora present in the respiratory tract or have restricted the analysis to potential pulmonary pathogens. Due to unculturable nature of many bacterial species there is a very little room left for discovering or determining novel organisms or pathogens and their association with clinical outcomes through conventional microbiological procedures. With the advancement of technology metagenomic analysis of a given sample has emerged as a major culture independent technique for identification of many pathogens, by reading the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, culture-independent technique such as 454-pyrosequencing, can provide species specific sequence of any bacteria in a given sample.
A total of 12 T-BAL samples from breeder birds were selected based upon the quality and quantity of the double-stranded gDNA. Using 454 bar-coded pyrosequencing, the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene corresponding to V1 – V5 (~ 1,000 bp) were sequenced. Of the high-quality reads obtained (296,811) using the MOTHUR platform, the sequences were processed for sequence alignment with the 16S RDP database via BLASTn, and subsequent taxonomic analysis through MEGAN programs using a homology-based method to bin sequence reads. The results of study indicate that birds harbor a diverse microbial community including number of phyla, families, genera and characterized bacterial species. The bacterial communities were relatively conserved at the phylum level; however, at lower taxonomic levels, differences were observed in the phylotypes and abundance between the clinically diseased and healthy birds. As indicated by the rarefaction plot and the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson-Reciprocal diversity indices, the biodiversity and richness in the taxonomic content was higher in the clinically healthy birds compared with the diseased birds. Regardless of the bird health status a number of new species were identified. A number of these bacterial species have been found to be associated with infectious diseases in humans and other species, although the clinical importance of these bacteria as part of the respiratory microbiome of birds has not been established.
As the nature of bacterial species is to constantly act with one another and, potentially, with the birds themselves provides an interesting avenue for continued research. There is a need to conduct further clinico-pathological studies to establish the link between causes versus effects.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1826,T] (1).
15.
Study On Micobiological Quality Of Water Supplied To Poultry Birds From Tube Wells Water Pumps Drilled Up To Varying Bore
by Sidra Moqddes | Prof. Dr. Masood rabbani | Dr. Jawad Nazir | DR.Yasin tipu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1922,T] (1).
16.
Correlation Of Deifferent Managment Systems And Facilities Of Retail Milk Shops With That Of Microbial Load In Raw And Pasteurized Milk
by Faria kanwal | Prof. Dr. Masood rabbani | Dr. Ali ahmad sheikh | Dr.Wasim.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1953,T] (1).
17.
Comparative Study On Prevalence And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Extendedspectrum B- Lactamase
by Karam rasool | Prof. Dr. Masood rabbani | Dr. Ali ahmad sheikh | Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1992,T] (1).
18.
Impact Analysis Of Quality Control Practices In Selected Microbiology Based Veterinary Diagnostic Labs Operational In District Lahore
by Faiza Marrium (2009-VA-239) | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Ali Ahmed Sheikh | Dr. Yasin Tipu.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Veterinary diagnostic labs are the powerful ally for the diagnosis, prevention and monitoring of animal diseases in any country. Labs are ordered for test for many reasons. Errors could be present in these tests. So to avoid detrimental effects of these errors a quality control system is required. This system is maintained by following the standards given by recognized international organizations like ISO, OIE, WHO, FAO and CDC etc. These authorities make the standards which should be followed by the VDLs to improve their quality of tests and management to give precise and accurate results which will help them in being well reputed lab which give internationally accepted quality of results.
In this study 4 private and 4 public sectors Veterinary diagnostic Labs was selected and it was assured to labs that their information will remain confidential as data was used only for the research purposes. Labs were identified by the codes given to them for study purpose. Information required for this study was gained through a questionnaire. Information regarding identity of lab, contact numbers, location and type of testing/diagnosis was gathered. Information about the parameters of quality control like building design, power backup, sections of lab, operating equipments, development of log books, availability of certificate of analysis for chemicals, availability of material safety data sheet was gathered. Quality assurance issues were also addressed by gathering information about internal quality assurance program, proficiency testing etc. Then this data was analyzed by using SPSS to interpret the results.
The data was analyzed statistically through frequency distribution by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0 for development of Graphs and Tables.
Summary
53
requirements about personnel and equipments were 80% and 87.5% while minimum values were 40% and 25% respectively. Maximum value about quality control measures and waste management were 89.47% and 70% and minimum percentages were 36.40% and 40% respectively. Results have shown that 100% requirements of environmental monitoring and customer care were fulfilled by some labs while some labs only fulfill 20% of these parameters.
Conclusion
This study shows that in Lahore district veterinary diagnostic labs are not giving proper attention to quality of their system and there is no significant difference between setups of private and public sector laboratories. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2277-T] (1).
