1.
Effect Of Methionine Supplementation On Milk Production And Composition Of Nili Ravi Buffaloes
by Alla-ud-Din | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Mr.Jalees Ahmad Bhatti | Prof.Dr.Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Feeding management experiment was conducted at Buffalo Research Institute (BRI) Pattokki, to determine the effect of two sources of methionine (metasmart and sartamine) supplementation on milk production and milk composition in Nih - Ravi buffaloes. The trial was conducted on 39 lactating buffaloes having same age, weight, and lactation and milk production for 28 days (4 weeks) including two (2) weeks of adjustment period. The buffaloes were divided in to three treatments, 13 animals in each group. Two methionine sources metasmart and smartamine were added daily in the concentrate ration at the time of feeding @ 15 gm and 10 gm / animal, respectively. The data on daily feed intake and concentrate intake, daily milk production, and fortnightly weight changes. Feed, milk and blood were collected for analysis on weekly basis.
The animals were assigned to three treatments A (control), B (metasmart) and C (smartamine) with 13 animals in each group. The animals were kept under tie stall intensive feeding management. Group A was treated as control and fed only green fodder and concentrate according to milk production. Group B was treated as metasmart and fed green fodder according to body weight plus concentrate ration according to milk production along with addition of metasmart 15g/anirnal/day. While group C was treated as smartamine and fed green fodder according to body weight plus concentrate ration according to milk production with addition of smartamanie 10g/animal/day.
The buffaloes of group A (control) consumed daily 53.46 + 0.32 kg of green fodder and daily 3.82 ± 0.04 concentrate rations. Group B (metasmart) consumed daily 53.90 ± 0.32, kg of fresh matter and 3.92 ± 0.04 kg concentrate ration along with metasmart supplementation while group C (smartarnine) consumed daily 53.63 ± 0.32 kg of green fodder and 3.90 ± 0.04 kg concentrate ration. Statistical analysis of the fodder and feed intake was significant among weeks but non significant between the groups.
The milk production of the groups was recorded twice daily for each buffalo. The highest milk production was observed in group B (metasmart) 10.84±0.15 liters followed by group C (smartamine) 10.51±0.15 liters and lowest milk production in group A (control) 10.06±0.15 liters. Statistical analysis showed that data is highly significant between the groups as well as among the weeks.
The milk samples were collected on weekly basis for analysis of milk and its contents. The milk is analysed for milk fat percentage, solid hot fat (SNF), total solids (TS), milk protein and milk lactose.
The highest SNF %age was observed in group B (metasmart) 9.59±0.02 % then in group C (smartamine) 9.57±0.02 % and lowest in group A (control) 9.56± 0.02%.Buffaloes showed highest (15.84±0.12) levels of total solids contents on metasmart followed by smartamine (15.74±0.12) and lowest was showed by control group (15.68±0.12). Milk was also analyzed for the milk protein contents. Buffaloes showed highest (3.46±0.009) levels of protein contents on metasmarl and (3.37±0.009) in smartamine group followed by control (3.23±0.009). Milk lactose was high (4.22±0.01) levels of lactose contents on metasmart followed by control (4.2 1±0.01) and smartarnine (4.19±0.01) respectively. The fat level in milk of buffalo kept under treatments control, metasmart and smartamaine were 6,25±0.07, 6.25±0.07, and 6.14±0.07 respectively Milk fat % was highest (6.25±0.07) in buffaloes on metasmart supplementation.
Body weight of the animals was recorded early in the morning on fortnightly basis. The fortnightly body weight gain of the groups were 0.70±0007. O.71+0.OO7and 0.7 1±0.007 in control, metasmart and smartamine respectively.
Blood was also collected for different analysis. For this purpose blood was collected from 6 animals in each group. The blood was analyzed for serum total protein, serum triglycerides, serum urea, and serum cholesterol and serum glucose in WTO laboratory of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The blood total protein contents were 7.65±0.32, 9.22±0.32, and 8.40±0.32 g/dl in buffaloes in groups A, B, and C. The blood triglyceride contents were 1.67±0.26, 1.73±0.26. and 2.78±0.26 in buffaloes in groups A, B, and C. The blood urea contents were 1.15U.28, 2.46±0.28, and 2.64±0.28 in buffaloes in groups A. B, and C respectively. The blood glucose contents were 17.65±1.52, 19.79±1.52, and 17.42±1.52 in buffaloes in groups A, B, and C respectively. The blood Cholesterol contents were 96.98±6.85, 103.06+6.85, and 102.81±6.85 in buffaloes in groups A, B. and C respectively.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that experiment diets (green fodder and concentrate) were not fulfilling the methionine requirement of Nili-Ravi buffaloes at early stage of lactation. Supplementation with methionine (metasmart 15gm/d & smartamine @ lOgm/d) enhanced milk production and positively changed protein % in milk and yield. Hence it can be recommended that methionine may necessary be supplemented at early stage of lactation in Nili-Ravi buffaloes at rate of 15 gmlanimal/day. Methionine supplementation in experimental ration responded positively in enhancing milk production, composition and weight gain in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1015,T] (1).
2.
Horses Parentage Analysis And Breed Characterization By Microsafellipe Markers
by Javed Iqbal | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr.Ahmad Ali | Mrs.Saeeda Kalsoom.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Horses (Equus caballus) have been considered one of the most significant domesticated animals in human use, including sports, urban and rural transportation and military logistics. Paternity confirmation and breed identification is the basic pre-requisite for rearing specific breeds and maintaining the pedigree records of horses. DNA finger printing has been successfully used for paternity and breed confirmation. Mainly DNA finger printing is done through microsettalite markers for paternity analysis and breed characterization. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a panel of microsettalite markers for paternity analysis and selected horse breeds characterization. Three horse breeds Percheron, Pak Arab and Thoroughbred were selected for this purpose. Sampling of 20 families (Foals, Mare and Stallion) of three selected horse breeds was conducted from Remount Depot Mona. The blood samples was collected in sterilized Falcon tubes each containing lOOjiL EDTA (0.2 mM). DNA was extracted from all blood samples by using inorganic method. The microsatellite markers were selected from ISAG (International Society of Animal Genetics), Indian and TKY recommended panels. The primers were designed for these microsatellite markers using primer3 free ware. All Microsatellite markers used were direpeats. Conditions for successful amplification by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) were optimized and microsatellite markers were grouped into 6 multiplexes (tn and diplex). PCR products of optimized multiplexes were visualized on U V illuminator after gel electrophoresis. DNA amplification was done through PCR by using optimized multiplexes of microsatellite markers for all the samples. Polyacrylarnide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) was used for genotyping of amplified DNA samples. Allele sizes of all amplicons were calculated by relative flow method. Alleles for all microsatcilite markers were analyzed statistically by "POPGEN 32 and POWER STAT" software. The investigation revealed average PlC value 0.97, average observed heterozygosity 0.923 1, average observed homozygosity 0.0769, combined power of exclusion (P.E) 0.9999 and combined polymorphic loci percentage for 13 microsettalite markers was 100%. Perchron breed showed genetic identity with Pak Arab and Thoroughbred up to 0.3470 and 0.6157 respectively. Pak Arab exhibited genetic identity with Thoroughbred horse up to 0.6616 where as Perchron breed showed genetic distance with Pak Arab and Thoroughbred up to 1.0585 and 0.4850 respectively. Pak Arab exhibited genetic distances with Thoroughbred up to 0.413 1. Results of analysis were used to describe the new microsettalite markers assay for parentage confirmation and breed characterization of selected breeds (Perchron, Pak Arab and Thoroughbred) horses. 'Ihis panel of microsetallite marker was useful and reliable tool for individual identification and parentage analysis in horses. This microsettalite marker panel can be used on commercial basis in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1092,T] (1).
3.
Genetic Characterization Of Pakistani Buffalo Breeds By Mitochondrial D-Loop And Microsatellite Analyses
by Tanveer Hussain | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Khalid Javed | Prof. Dr. Irshad Hussain.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Pakistan has various dairy breeds of buffalo and cattle, but the genetic data of different buffalo breeds like Nih, Ravi, Nihi-Ravi, Kundi and Azakheli is lacking which need to be established for their genetic characterization. Blood samples of unrelated true representatives of all breeds were collected from their respective home tracts i.e Nih Ravi (LPRI Bahadarnagar, Okara, BRI Pattoki, Rakh Dera Chahi, Lahore); Nih (Pakpatan,
Minchnabad, Arifwala, Hasilpur); Ravi (Kamahia, Tandlianwala); Kundi (Tandojam, Tando Muhammad Khan, Dadu) and Azakheli (Directorate of Livestock Research & Development Station Surezai, Peshawar and Matta, Swat). DNA was extracted with the use of standard protocol and amplification of the mitochondrial D-loop region was done with specific primers in Molecular Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory in the department of Livestock Production. Sequencing of amplified portion of mt DNA D-loop was done. Sequences were analyzed with the help of software blast2sequence. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and comparison of 52 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of all buffalo breeds was done. Genetic distance and identity between five buffalo breeds were calculated and phylogenetic tree was constructed using BioEdit and MEGA 4.1 softwares showing the relationships between different haplotypes. Domestication events were also observed through network analysis. For further confirmation of the genetic structure of buffalo breeds 8 dye labeled microsatehhite markers (recommended by ISAG) were used and genotyping was done. Results were analyzed with the help of different softwares. Genetic diversity, Allele frequencies, observed and expected homozygosity and heterozygosity, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, F-Statistics and Gene Flow for all Loci, population's dendogram, Neis genetic identity and genetic distance/ diversity was calculated. This work provided the genetic data which is very helpful for determining the genetic diversity of buffalo population, breed identification, animal forensic and paternity cases and making effective breeding policies and conservational activities in future.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1114,T] (1).
4.
Genetic Study Of Myp6, Mpy7, And Myp8, Loci Of Myopia In Punjabi Families
by Maria Arshad | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Abu Saeed | Dr. Ali Raza Awan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia is a refractive abnormality of the eye in which the parallel light rays from an object at optical infinity are focused by the eye in front of the retina rather than on it. It may be syndromic or non-syndromic. An extreme genetic heterogeneity is associated with this disorder. This is the first experimental study on Myopia in Pakistan. So, investigating the loci of myopia here is very important because this disease is spreading day by day with prevalence rate of 36.5%.
Microsatellite markers have been proved as an efficient and powerful tool for discovering any diseased locus. So a panel of these markers was used in this study. Blood samples of various myopic families were collected from various areas of Punjab and their DNA was extracted with the standard protocol. The amplification of DNA was done with primers of microsatellite markers belonging to the loci MYP6, MYP7 and MYP8. Genotyping was done for linkage analysis through PAGE. Haplotypes were made manually by observing the alleles of all the individuals on the gel. The results showed potential linkage against MYP7 locus for the family Myo-3 with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. This family belongs to the caste "Khawaja" and was enrolled from PCSIR Phase II, Lahore, Punjab. All the affected individuals carried the same allele that was not present in the normal subject. Later the LOD Score for this family was calculated and maximum LOD score came out to be 0.0803 at the marker D11S904 that showed very low percentage of linkage. This can be confirmed by extending the family by further sampling.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1157,T] (1).
5.
Clinical And Genetic Study Of Myopia In Myopic Families From Lahore.
by Nabeeha Moeen | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ali raza awan | Dr.Aftab ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia is described as the common cause of impaired vision and visual disability. In this disease the image is not focused sharply on the retina causing a blur vision to be formed and this condition of eye is referred as myopia. It is highly prevalent eye disease with its prevalence estimated to be I trillion throughout the world and approximately four billion in Pakistan. It is multi factorial disease with 19 loci identified up to date. Five myopic families were identified and selected for this study from different areas of Lahore. Linkage analysis of these families was done by MYP3, MYP4 and MYP5 loci (each consisting of a set of 3 microsatellite markers) of myopia that were selected from the panel of 19 loci. A total number of 9 microsatellite markers were used to analyze 24 samples from five families. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, linkage analysis was carried out by genotyping through PAGE and haplotypes were constructed for the families.
Through the haplotype analysis of pedigree it was found that none of the families was found linked on any of the loci. The comparison of linkage analysis past studies with this study yielded no evidence for the presence of linkage in any of the family genotypes on the three loci. Also the LOD score calculation suggested that as all the pedigrees were found to be unlinked, the LOD score values calculated was less than 1 which suggests that markers also do not support the linkage. This may be due to the less availability of normal samples and total number of affected samples.
Moreover according to clinical factors, the individuals selected had low cylindrical component which suggest that these individuals are having simple to moderate myopia. Whereas, increase in spherical component with age shifts the lens more towards positive value (hyperopia) was also observed.
It is concluded from this study that no linkage was identified in any of the family. Both clinical and genetic factors are involved in development of myopia. Further detail study on the loci of myopia is required especially focusing the families with consanguineous marriages. Because in such families the probability of presence of linkage is more as the chances of transmission of disease allele are more in cousin marriages. From the presence of unlinked pedigrees it can also be proposed that any novel locus is present and through the identification of this novel locus, a novel gene can also be identified. Moreover, there is a probability that through genome wide screening, any other loci on any other families of Lahore may show an inherited pattern.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1158,T] (1).
6.
Identification Of Novel Snps Of Mitochondrial D- Loop And Cytochrome B In Pakistani Goat And Sheep Breeds
by Haleema Sadia | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ahmad ali | Dr. Ali awan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Pakistan has approximately 53.79 million goats and 26.49 million of Sheep. Goats AND Sheep are kept for milk meat and wool production and contribute significantly to the income of the farmers. Thirty recognized breeds of goats and twenty eight breeds of sheep found in Pakistan. Improvement of livestock productivity per unit animal remains the primary concern of research and development efforts. The purpose of this research work was the genetic improvement of Sheep and Goat breeds. In this present study of Goat and Sheep, Ten different breeds of Goat: Barbari, Beetal, Pahari hairy, Kamori, Damani, Khurasani, L.Hairy, Teddy, Lehri goat, Nachi and ten different breeds of Sheep: Bulkhi, Dumari, Kachi, Kaghani, Salt range, Awassi, Thalli, Lohi, Krakul, Shenwari were selected but the genetic data of different goat and sheep breeds is lacking which need to be established for their genetic characterization. Blood samples of unrelated true representatives of all breeds were collected from their respective home tract. DNA was extracted with the use of standard protocol and amplification of the mitochondrial. D-loop and Cytochrome b region was done with specific primers in Molecular Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory in the deptt of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Sequencing of amplified portion of mt.DNA D-loop and Cytochrome b was done. Sequences were analyzed with the help of software blast 2 sequence. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and comparison of 50, 50 samples of Goats and Sheep of Cytochrome b gene and mitochondrial D-loop region were compared with their respective reference sequences. Genetic identity between ten goat breeds were calculated by BioEdit. 50 goat haplotypes and 49 sheep hapoltypes were identified. All haplotypes were rich in AT contents. 22 conserved region were identified which were common in Goats and Sheep (BioEdit, 7.0). Goals and Sheep sequence comparison was made by using sheep Ovis aries as a referenece. 405 varibale sites were already present in Goat and Sheep. Capra hircus (AF533441) had 41 insertions and 9 deletions with respect to Ovis aries (AFO 10406.1). Phylogenetic tree was constrncted using Mega 4.1 software showing the relationships between different haplotypes. Haplotpes of this research work were compared with some world wide haplotypes of Goat and Sheep separately. Goat showed very close relationship with haplotypes of Africa, Asia and Europe, while Sheep showed close relation with Europeaon and Asian haplotypes. Both Goat and Sheep seemed to have domestication from Asia. From analysis of Goat and Sheep with their wild reported haplotypes, it was confirmed that Goats and Sheep used in this research work were domestic and had close relation with Capra aegagrus and Capra sibrica was present at the bottom of phylogenetic tree. While Sheep (Ovis aries) showed a close relation with wild Mouflon (Ovis musimon).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1159,T] (1).
7.
Study Of Autosomal Recessive Non Syndromic Mental Retardation Locus By Linkage Analysis
by Sajjad Ali Shah | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Aftab | Mr. Tanveer Hussain.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Mental retardation (MR) is the retarded conditions of mind in which the intelligence quotient (IQ) is lower than 70, associated with a deficiency in adaptive behavior such as communication and daily living skills. Mental retardation is either the only consistent handicap (non-syndromic) or is combined with other physical and br behavioral abnormalities (syndromic). It is one of the most common disorders and it affects about 1-3% of the human population, with a proportion higher in males than females. In the present study 10 families with two or more affected individuals were selected from different areas of Malakand Division and district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Family history was taken and pedigrees were made personally by visiting the families and using specially designed proformas after their consent. The blood was collected from the selected families aseptically. Then DNA was extracted by standard inorganic protocol. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers (D3S3630,
D3S3050, D3S1620) in vicinity of MR locus (MRT2CRBN gene) were selected, optimized and amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The affected families were screened for linkage to MRT2A locus using Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). The haplotypes were then constructed to determine the linkage of families to MRT2A locus. Out often selected families two families (MR-02 and MR-07) showed linkage to autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation locus MRT2A. This is the first report of MRT2A phenotype linkage in families from Malakand Division where consanguineous marriages are very common. Further study is needed to explore the other linkages in mentally retarded families in local population. The present study will help us to determine the genetics basis of mental retardation in affected families of Pakistan. It will also help us to screen out carrier individuals in our population that would help to develop genetic counseling strategies to prevent the progression of mental retardation in the country.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1162,T] (1).
8.
Molecular Investigation Of Mental Retardation Locus (Mrti)/Gene Prss12 By Linkage Analysis
by Zafar Ali | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Aftab | Mr. Muhammad Asif.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Mental retardation (MR) is a condition in which a person having an intelligence quotient (IQ) lowers than 70. It is also associated with a deficit in adaptive behavior such as communication and daily living skills. Mental retardation is either non-syndromic or syndromic. It is one of the most common genetic disorders and it affects about 1-3% of the human population, with a ratio of males higher than females. The present study was can-ied out to determine the prevalence of families having mental retardation in Pakistani population. In the present study, 7 MR families with three or more affected individuals with MR were enrolled. Family history was taken and pedigree was made personally by visiting the families. The blood samples were collected from the enrolled families. Then DNA was extracted from the blood samples collected from these families by standard inorganic protocol. After isolation of DNA from blood samples, 3 STR markers (D4S191, D4S2392 and D4S3024) in vicinity of mental retardation (MR) locus (MRT1)/gene PRSS12 were amplified on each sample of each family by PCR. The amplified PCR product was first checked on agarose gel and then genotyping analysis (linkage analysis) was performed on non denaturing polyacrylamide gel (PAGE). After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, picture of the gel was taken and alleles were read manually with larger allele donated by 2 and smaller by 1. After that haplotype was constructed to determined the pattern of inheritance among the affected and normal individuals of each family under study and also to determined that a family was linked or unlinked to mental retardation locus (MRTI)/gene PRSS12. None of the family was linked to mental retardation locus/gene PRSS12. The families which remain unlinked to the reported loci during screening signifies extreme genetic heterogeneity of MR which is not surprising because about 50% of human protein coding genes are expressed in the brain and it provides an excellent resource material for mapping of the new genes which will shed light on the complex pathways involved in the development of learning and memory in those population. The pedigree of each family in the present study showed that most of the marriages are cousin marriages; therefore this study may play a role in creating awareness about the effect of cousin marriages that is the first step towards decreasing socio-economic burden of the country by genetic counseling and also to prevent mental retardation in Pakistan due to inbreeding. Mental retardation locus (MRT1)/gene PRSS12 was studied for linkage analysis in seven families from different areas of District Swat and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. None Out of seven families was linked to mental retardation locus (MRT1 )/gene PRSS 12. All the seven families remain unlinked to this locus. It is concluded that Mental retardation is a complex genetic disorder and needs further studies to identify the already known locus or to explore novel loci through genome wide scan responsible for mental retardation in these population. This will provide opportunities of genetic counseling to these populations and will ultimately result in prevention of mental retardation in Pakistani population.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1171,T] (1).
9.
Identidiation Of Genetic Susceptiblity Of Myopic Loci In Families From Punjab
by Maria Fareed Siddique | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Sehrish Firyal | Prof. Dr. Abu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a condition in which the eye cannot focus on distant objects and sometimes closer ones too. In past different authors reported different loci responsible for myopia. They used specifically synthesized markers for different loci and after conducting linkage analysis through genotyping the myopic families were found to be linked for those loci, whereas, in some studies the cause of myopia was environmental. Till now, linkage studies have identified at least 18 possible loci in 15 different chromosomes associated with myopia, although some of these remain to be confirmed. In past, no study was done in Pakistan on myopic families for finding responsible myopic locus in this regard. So, more conclusive and well-designed studies on family pedigrees of individuals with high myopia were needed to be conducted in Pakistan by using genetic markers associated with myopia.
In this study, a panel of microsatellite markers was developed. Blood samples were taken from six myopic families. DNA was extracted. PCR was performed for amplification of these I microsatellite markers on 34 samples belonging to 6 families. Genotyping analysis was performed for the PCR products of microsatellite markers. These results were studied by constructing and analyzing haplotypes on the basis of PAGE gel bands. Heterozygosity, homozygosity, polymorphism with all microsatellites markers, specific for two loci were checked.
One family MYO-4 was found to be potentially linked with markers for the locus MYP-18. Another family MYO-5 showed potential linkage for the locus 2q37.2. Remaining four families (MYO-l, MYO-2, MYO-3 and MYO-6) were totally unlinked with all the markers (D14S984, D14S63, D14S999, D2S2202, D2S2968 and D2S338 for both loci demonstrating genetic insusceptibility of myopic loci in developing myopia and thus suggesting the complex genetic variability of myopia.
This study will serve as the pioneering database for further research on identifying the genetic heterogenic complexity of myopia. Results of this study lead to development of a panel of microsatellite markers which can be used for linkage studies of more myopic families in Pakistan. This study opens the door for new geneticists as the results can also be helpful in carrying out genetic counseling for the myopic persons who are going to be married and specifically for those who have dominant inheritance. This was a preliminary study on myopic patients in Pakistan and data produced during this study will be helpful for drawing and determining genetic inheritance of expected babies with affected parents and siblings. Moreover this study can become the basis for further research investigations on myopics in Pakistan.
CONCLUSION
This was a pioneering study to develop panel of microsatellite markers for conducting linkage analysis and genetic characterization of myopic patients in Pakistan. As a result of this successful study a reliable, efficient and very informative panel of microsatellite markers was successfully developed which was capable to interpret individual diseased allelic identity, to be used for conducting linkage analysis through genotyping of myopics in Pakistan. This study will serve as the database for further research on identifying the genetic heterogenic complexity of myopia and also these successful results can be further analyzed in future on more myopics from different areas of Pakistan. This work provokes the need for further research purposes in identifying the genes influencing myopia that could help develop targeted treatments for children who are genetically predisposed to developing myopia.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1177,T] (1).
10.
Dna Fingerprinting Of Pakistani Buffalo Breeds (Nili-Ravi, Kundi) Using Microsatellite And Cytochrome B Gene
by Rashid Saif | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Mr. Asif | Prof. Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Customarily, classification of breed was based on phenotypic traits. In some cases, recent genetic studies have found differences in the structure proposed. In buffalo ,one has to bear in mind that morphological changes were not the result of adaptation to the environment, but have a social significance thus may not be indicative of the genetic relationship. In recent years microsatellites have proved to be very useful for the determination of genetic relationship among population. Comparative studies beiween microsatellite and protein markers have highlighted the advantages of the former.
The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) holds tremendous potential in livestock sector in many Asian countries, particularly in Pakistan but the genetic data of different buffalo breeds like Nili-Ravi and Kundi is lacking, which need to be established for their genetic identification. Blood samples of unrelated true representative of both breeds (Nili-Ravi and Kundi) were collected from different government livestock farms in Punjab and Sindh respectively. DNA was extracted by inorganic method and amplification of the mitochondrial Cytb gene and microsatellite was done with especially designed primers in Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory at Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Cytochrome b gene markers have been proved as an efficient and powerful tool for breed characterization and species identification of buffaloes. Several panels of microsatellite markers have also been reported for this purpose. In this study, a panel of nine microsatellite markers has highly Polymorphism Information Content (PlC) were selected, Specific primers were designed for these microsatellite and Cytb gene partial amplification using primer3 software. Then primers were optimized for successful amplification with minimum reagent concentration. PCRs were performed for amplification of these microsatellite and Cytb markers on each sample, Genotyping and sequencing was conducted on all amplicons to find out the different SNP to design haplotypes with the help of bioinformatics software e.g. Blast 2sequence and Chrornas Lite, Further statistical analysis was done by the help of some other software e.g. Popgene version 1.31, Power Stat., Genetic diversity, Allele frequencies, observed and expected homozygosity and heterozygosity, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, F-Statistics and Gene Flow for all Loci, population's dendogram, Nei's genetic identity and genetic distance! diversity was calculated. The results obtained from this study can contribute to the establishment of routine DNA typing services, beneficial for the buffalo industry as well as in animal forensics for litigation and expedite the police investigation services in Pakistan, which will also be useful for breed characterization and phylogenetic study of aforementioned breeds of buffalo.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1183,T] (1).
11.
The Study Of Gene Gjb2/Dfnb1 Causing Deafness In Humans By Linkage Analysis From District Peshawar
by Noor Badshah | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Aftab | Mr. Muhammad Asif.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Hearing impairment is the partial or complete inability to hear that leads to compromise the development of normal language skills. Among all the sensory impairments in humans, hearing impairment is the most common.
It is estimated that at least 50% of the cases are due to genetic factors. Hereditary hearing loss may be syndromic or non-syndromic; about 30% of deafness cases are syndromic, while 70% is non-syndromic. It is estimated that the prevalence of profound bilateral hearing loss is 1.6 per 1000 in Pakistan and 70% of hearing loss arises in consanguineous families. The main pattern of inheritance of deafness in Pakistani population is autosomal recessive and to date more than 145 loci and 26 genes have been identified for non-syndromic recessive deafness.
More than 400 disorders associated with hearing loss shows extreme genetic heterogeneity and complexity of the mammalian inner ear. As more genes are identified, the elucidation of the function of the proteins that these genes encode contributes greatly to the understanding of cochlear mechanisms and their role in disease causation.
The gene involved, GJB2, encodes the connexin26 molecule. Connexin26 is a component of gap junctions, the links that allow small molecules to pass from one cell to the next, and this protein is found in several places in the body, including the epithelial supporting cells surrounding the sensory ear cells of the cochlea.The sensory ear cells of the cochlea allow potassium ions to pass through their upper surface during normal reception of sound, and these potassium ions must be recycled through the base of the ear cells and the supporting cells and fibrocytes back into the high-potassium endolymph that bathes the tops of the ear cells.
The aim of this study was Linkage analysis for DFNB1 locus involved in causing hereditary deafness in families from Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. A total of 10 families were enrolled from different areas of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa province. I have studied 8 families of these 10 (i.e.) family no. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10. The families have at least three affected individuals. All the families showed recessive mode of inheritance. For linkage analysis studies for DFNB1 locus, three STR markers D13S175, D13S292, and D13S787 were genotyped using Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and haplotypes were constructed to determined, linkage with DFNB1 locus. From a total of 8 families, a single family was linked to DFNB1 locus. The DFNB1 locus is the first non-syndromic deafness locus mapped to chromosome 13q12.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1191,T] (1).
12.
Molecular Diversity Analysis Of Sheep And Goat Breeds Of Pakistan Using Microsatellites.
by Misbah Shaheen | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Mr. Tanveer Hussain | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Pakistan is rich in Animal Genetics Resource (AnGR) and has various breeds of sheep and goat but the genetic data in these different breeds is lacking which needs to be established for their genetic identification. The advent of molecular techniques has led to an increase in the studies that focus on the genetic characterization of domestic breeds using genetic markers. Due to their reliability and availability, the microsatellites have become preferred method for the genome mapping. Microsatellites or STRs are the 1-6 nucleotide tandem repeats present in both coding and non coding regions of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Microsatellites are powerful tools in genome mapping, forensic DNA studies, paternity testing, population genetics and conservation! management of biological resources. The present study was conducted on the molecular diversity analysis of sheep and goat breeds of Pakistan using FAQ recommended unlabelled microsatellites. Blood samples of unrelated true representative animals of two sheep and goat breeds were selected from their breeding tracts and different Government Livestock Farms throughout the country. DNA was extracted with the standard protocol and amplification of DNA was done with a set of 16 microsatellite markers in Molecular Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory in the Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. The products of touch-down PCR were examined on non denaturing Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). Genotyping results were analyzed through the sofiware POPGENE version 3.3 for calculating the number of alleles, expected and observed heterozygosity, homozygosity, Polymorphic Information Content (PlC).
Average observed heterozygosity, average observed homozygosity, observed and effective number of alleles for all loci and populations were 0.8394, 0.1606, 3.6875 and 2.8693 respectively. Almost all of the microsatellite markers showed significant variations in both breeds of sheep and goat. Genotyping results of microsatellite markers were clearly different for four different breeds showing a distinct genetic distance between sheep and goat breed's.
This work provided the genetic data which will be helpful in breed identification and making effective breeding policies and conservational activities in future according to FAO global Farm Anithal Genetic resource data. Moreover this study can become the basis for further research investigations in sheep and goat in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1200,T] (1).
13.
Linkage Analysis Of Myp12 And Myp14 In Families From Lahore
by Maryam Zahra | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ali Raza Awan | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia is one of the most common refractive errors of the eye worldwide that can effect clarity of vision, limit occupational choices and contribute to increased risk to vision threatening conditions. Six families of different casts were enrolled from Lahore (Punjab). Total of six autosomal dominant families were screened for linkage to the known nonsyndromic autosomal dominant and QTL myopia locus, MYP12 and MYP14 respectively. 5mL blood sample were collected aseptically in a 5Oml falcon tubes containing EDTA. DNA extraction was done by inorganic method. Three markers for each locus were selected from literature and redesigned by using 'primer 3' software. These markers were optimized for their annealing temperature and specific concentration of PCR ingredients by gradient PCR. After that all of the markers were amplified separately on genomic DNA samples of each family. PCR products of each of the marker were run on 1.2 % agarose gel along with 50 base pair ladder to visualize the bands of amplified products at 110 volts for 30 minutes. Linkage analyses were carried out by genotyping through PAGE unit of Major Science, model no. MV-2ODSYS. PCR products were run on Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) to examine amplified bands of microsatellites. A standard 5Obp DNA ladder was run along with the sample PCR products as a reference. By reading the alleles appeared on gel haplotypes were constructed for each member of these families. The overall results of this study did not show evidence for linkage of myopia in thee families to the selected loci MYP12 and MYP14 on chromosomes 2 and 1 respectively. It might be possible any other identified locus or any new locus involved in this population of Pakistan. The findings represented here do not represent the conclusion of this study but do provide ongoing data for further investigation into the exact gentic causes of mypia in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1216,T] (1).
14.
Age And Gender Related Response To Antiviral Therapy Against Hcv Genotype 3A
by Saba Manzoor | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Ms Aseeda | Prof.Dr Muneer Saleemi.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1271,T] (1).
15.
Characterization Of Dgati Gene For K232A Polymorphism In Pakistani Cattle Breeds
by Rashid Hussain | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr.Aftab Anjum | Mrs.Saeeda Kalsoom.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Milk is a balanced diet because it contains all the essential nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and enzymes required for health. In these milk nutrients fat is second most important component of milk. Primary component of milk fat is triglycerides (triacylglycerols or TAG), a typical storage form of lipids. DGAT1 gene has important role in milk fat percentage. This gene is located on the centromeric end of the bovine chromosome 14. It was recently studied that nonconservative dinucleotide (AA?GC) substitution in exon 8 of DGAT1 gene, change lysine to alanine at position 232 (K232A mutation) of the encoding protein. Animals that have K (Lysine) at position 232 in amino acid sequence of DGAT 1 will have high fat percentage and low milk yield as compared to animals that have A (Alanine) at this position. The objectives of this study were to identify K232A (Lysine232?Alanine) polymorphism in DGAT1 gene in Pakistani cattle breeds. To find relationship between milk production and K232A polymorphism. Blood samples were collected from different Govt. livestock farms/experimental stations. DNA was extracted by organic method. Specific primers were used for the amplification of exon8 of DGAT1 gene. After DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction, restriction digestion was done by using CfrI enzyme. Fourty animals belonging to Sahiwal and Dhanni breeds were genotyped for K232A polymorphism by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Sequencing was carried out to confirm the results of restriction digestion. From the data analyzed it was observed that all the animals of Sahiwal and Dhanni breeds had K allele and no A allele was identified. It has been shown that a missense mutation (Lys232 ? Ala) in the bovine DGAT1 gene in Pakistan cattle breeds is not common.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1283,T] (1).
16.
Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Sahiwal And Dhanni Cattle Breeds By Cytochrome B Gene And Microsatellite Markers
by Zahoor Ahmed | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Mr. Tanveer Hussain | Prof.Dr.Muham.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Pakistan has various dairy breeds of cattle but the genetic data of different cattle breeds including Sahiwal and Dhanni is lacking which need to be established for their genetic identification. Blood samples of unrelated true representative of breeds (Sahiwal and Dhanni) were collected from their respective home tracts and different Government livestock farms. DNA extracted with the standard protocol (Inorganic Method) in Molecular Biology and Genomic Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (IBBT), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Nine fluorescent dye labeled microsatellite markers having high polymorphism information content (PIC) values were used and genotyping was done. These results were analyzed statistically by softwares "POPGENE 1.31 and POWER STAT" 2.1. Allele frequency, heterozygosity, homozygosity, polymorphism information content (PIC), power of discrimination, power of exclusion, F-Statistics and Gene Flow for all Loci, population's dendogram, Nei's genetic identity and genetic distance/ diversity were calculated. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.5845 and 0.5911 in Dhanni and Sahiwal respectively. The mean observed homozygosity was 0.4155 and 0.4089 in Dhanni and Sahiwal respectively. The average PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) values of nine loci showed by Dhanni and Sahiwal cattle are 0.61 and 0.77 respectively. Genotyping results of microsatellite markers were clearly different for two different breeds showing a distinct genetic distance between Dhanni and Sahiwal cattle breeds. For further confirmation of the breeds amplification
of the mitochondrial Cyt b gene was done with especially designed primers which were designed by using Primer3 software. Sequencing of PCR fragments was done. Analysis of the sequences was performed by multiple sequence alignment with the help of Blast 2sequence and BioEdit soft wares. Identified SNPs were analyzed and haplotypes were formed. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 4.1.
The use of genetic markers provided the information on population genetic structures of the indigenous cattle breeds even if they lack detailed pedigree recording data. The study on the genetic diversity showed the differentiation of breeds and individual breeds have unique combinations of genes as a result of phylogenetic tree. This work will provide the genetic data which will be helpful in breed identification and making effective breeding policies and conservational activities in Pakistan in future according to FAO global Farm Animal Genetic resource data.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1289,T] (1).
17.
Genome-Wide Association Mapping To Approach The Candidate Gene Having Potential Role In Dairy Bull Fertility
by Asif Nadeem | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr.Atif Hanif | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Abdullah.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Reproductive efficiency is a most important determinant of dairy profitability. Fertility in
the herd is absolutely critical for both male and female animals. Fertility studies in dairy
cattle were directed toward the female side and very little importance has been placed on
the influence of the service bull. In this study association mapping was carried out Cor
fertility trait in Holstein dairy cattle bulls using high-throughput and a high-density SNi>
genotyping array. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with dair,
cattle bull fertility. Associated SNPs were queried in the bovine genome. Seven SNPs
were found within the genes and fourteen were within 10 kh o! a gene. Seven gl'nes.
namely LEPRELl, MOBKL3, CD247, LRRC8J\, LRFN5, IT] I [J and [·.NTP[) J were
seleeted as candidate genes. Resequencing and fine mapping of selected candidate genes
were performed and identified SNPs were associated with dairy cattle hull fertility. This
is the first GWA study for dairy bull fertility using the Illumina Bovine S~ P50 Bcadchip
containing 54001 S Ps powered by I1lumina lnfinium-Il assay.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1354,T] (1).
18.
Evaluation Of Pouifi As Candidate Gene To Have Influence On Milk Production In Red Sindhi And Dhani Cattle Through SNP Detection
by Waqas Tahir | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Atif Hanif | Mr. Zahid Mushtaq.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: There are more than 200 million cattle in Pakistan which are a source of milk, meat, hide
and drought purpose. Due to this large population of cattle, Pakistan is the fourth largest milk
producer in the world. In spite of large number of cattle population in Pakistan, per animal milk
production is yet quite low. That's why it is not wrong to say that there is still a great potential in
the dairy sector of Pakistan to improve the overall milk production by improving the per animal
Jilk production. This can be only achieved by improving the genetics of the dairy animals in
Pakistan besides the other factors as well. Milk production is a polygenic trait. It is well
established that growth hormone (GH) released from pituitary gland also plays an essential role'
in growth, mammary gland development and lactation process. POUIFI factor is a member of
the POU family of transcription factors that regulate animal growth and development and is also
involved in the development of pituitary and regulation of hormonal expressions in animals.
Therefore, genetic variation in the POU1Fl gene and its associations with growth traits in
livestock animals could provide useful genetic markers for animal selection and breeding
through marker-assisted selection (MAS). This study was conducted to genetically characterize
!he POUIFI gene to identify the SNPs as genetic markers for future breeding and selection
~Ians. Keeping in view the importance of this gene all introns and axons were sequenced in
smples of Red sindhi and Dhanni cattle to identify the SNP and validate the potential markers
There are more than 200 million cattle in Pakistan which are a source of milk, meat, hide
and drought purpose. Due to this large population of cattle, Pakistan is the fourth largest milk
producer in the world. In spite of large number of cattle population in Pakistan, per animal milk
production is yet quite low. That's why it is not wrong to say that there is still a great potential in
the dairy sector of Pakistan to improve the overall milk production by improving the per animal
Jilk production. This can be only achieved by improving the genetics of the dairy animals in
Pakistan besides the other factors as well. Milk production is a polygenic trait. It is well
established that growth hormone (GH) released from pituitary gland also plays an essential role'
in growth, mammary gland development and lactation process. POUIFI factor is a member of
the POU family of transcription factors that regulate animal growth and development and is also
involved in the development of pituitary and regulation of hormonal expressions in animals.
Therefore, genetic variation in the POU1Fl gene and its associations with growth traits in
livestock animals could provide useful genetic markers for animal selection and breeding
through marker-assisted selection (MAS). This study was conducted to genetically characterize
!he POUIFI gene to identify the SNPs as genetic markers for future breeding and selection
~Ians. Keeping in view the importance of this gene all introns and axons were sequenced in
smples of Red sindhi and Dhanni cattle to identify the SNP and validate the potential markers
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1395,T] (1).
19.
Identification Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Olri Gene And Its Association With Milk Composition In Cattle Breeds in Pakistan
by Nusrat Majeed | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ali Raza Awan | Prof. Dr. Abu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Pakistan being agriculture based country has a great potential in livestock sector. it plays
an important role in the economy of the country. Milk is a balanced diet because it
contains all the essential nutrients like carbohydrates; fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals
and enzymes required for health. In these milk nutrients fat is second most important
component of milk. Primary component of milk fat is triglycerides (triacylglycerols or
TAG) a typical storage form of lipids. OLRI is the major protein that binds, internalizes
and degrades oxidized low density lipoprotein. Ol.Rl as a protein important for oLDL
metabol ism may contribute to these effects. Oxidized fat inhibits the expression of
lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid transporter genes that causes a reduced uptake of fatty
acids into mammary glands. As a result the concentration of triacylglycerols in milk is
reduced. OLRl as a protein important for oLOL metabolism may contribute to these
effects. OLR J identified as a functional and positional candidate gene product for milk fat
percentage and milk fat yield. Polymorphism in Ol.Rl gene increases the milk fat
percentage. If polymorphism in Ol.Rl gene is found in Pakistani Sahiwal and Ohanni
cattle breeds these were help to screen the animals at younger age and also be used to
characterize the different cattle breeds as a milk fat production marker. Unrelated animals
were selected for this study. Blood samples were collected from different Go\'1. livestock
farms/experimental stations. DNA was extracted by organic method. Primers were
designed by using Primer3 software. After DNA amplification by polymerase chain
reaction. peR product was sequenced. Sequencing results of the full length OLR I gene
were analyzed by alignment of sequences with the help of Blast2sequence software.
Novel S Ps were identified. Total of twenty one SNPs were identified in the samples of
all breeds that were confirmed at population level by sequencing of each sample. Then
total twenty one SNPs were found in all breeds. Most of SNPs were found in intronic
regions. In Sahiwal only 5 SNPs are exonic and one of them is common in both Sahiwal
and Red Sindhi breeds. Out of total five exonic SNPs, only two were found synonymous
and rest of the three exonic SNPs were found to be non synonymous. while all other
SNPs are intronic in nature. An intronic SNP is also common between Sahiwal and
Dhanni breed. In Red Sindhi a SNP was observed at 3'UTR. Results were analyzed by.
using the statistical software POPgene32. The mean value of expected heterozygosity that
is 0.3595 is greater than the mean of observed heterozygosity that is 0.0300 that shows
low variabil ity in breeds. The mean value for Shannon's Information index (1*) is 0.5421.
The aim of research is to identify gene that underlie the genetic variation in bovine milk.
fat composition.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1396,T] (1).
20.
Identification Of Molecular Markers In Bmp15 Gene Of Different Pakistan Sheep And Goat Breeds
by Ahmad Nawaz | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. Khalid Javed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Genetics of prolificacy in sheep and goat emphasize the importance of main genes which have been made known to affect litter size and rate of ovulation through various mechanisms. Natural mutations in prolific sheep and goat breeds have shown that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?) super family ligands such as bone morphogenetic protein 15 is crucial for ovulation and as well as for increasing litter size. Keeping in view the importance of prolificacy in sheep and goat, a research project was planed to identify the polymorphism, its association with fecundity and uncovering the nucleotide picture of BMP15 fecundity gene in sheep and goat breeds of Pakistan. In the research finding, various polymorphism, insertion and deletion of nucleotides in goat and sheep breeds of Pakistan were identified and associated with fecundity and secondly, some novel polymorphism in Pakistani goat and sheep breeds were identified which are different from the goat and sheep breeds of the world. This is the first report of the whole nucleotide of BMP15 gene in the sheep. A lot of work has been reported on these genes but total nucleotide picture in the sheep is not reported. Sequences of Bmp15 gene from sheep and goat breeds of Pakistan has been submitted to the NCBI GenBank database libraries,USA under accession numbers JN655669, JN655670, JN655671 and JN655672. It will result in fast vertical expansion of small ruminants to increase the mutton production and uplift the socio economic condition of small ruminant's farmers in the country.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1421,T] (1).
21.
Paternal Lineage Analysis In Sahiwal, Cholistani And Dajal Breeds Of Cattle Through Sry And Zfy Genes Analysis.
by Anwar Saeed | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Livestock sector plays a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. Main contribution of milk comes from buffaloes and cattle. Cattle are the major elements of livestock in the country and possess great importance for economy in the form of milk and meat production. Cholistani, Sahiwal and Dajal are the major cattle breeds of Pakistan.
Conventional classification of breeds was based on phenotypic traits. In some cases, recent genetic studies have found differences in the structure proposed. In cattle ,one has to bear in mind that morphological changes were not the result of adaptation to the environment, but have a social significance thus may not be indicative of the genetic relationship. In recent years Y chromosomal genes have proved to be very useful for the determination of genetic relationship among population. Comparative studies have highlighted the advantages of the SRY and ZFY genes of Y chromosome. These genes have been considered as competent and powerful tool for the purpose of breed characterization and species identification of cattle.
Blood samples from true representative animals of each of the three cattle breeds (Cholistani, Sahiwal and Dajal) were collected from different Government livestock farms and their respective home tracts in Punjab. DNA was extracted by inorganic method and amplification of the SRY and ZFY (exon 5) genes of Y chromosome was done with especially designed primers using Primer3 software in Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory at Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Specific primers are designed for these genes amplification. Then primers were optimized for successful amplification with minimum reagent concentration. PCR was 58
performed for amplification of SRY and ZFY (exon 5) genes on each sample. Sequencing was conducted on amplicons to find out the different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to make haplotypes with the help of bioinformatics software like Blast 2sequence and Neighbor Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA version 5. The results obtained from this study now can contribute to the establishment of routine DNA typing service to the advantages of the cattle in livestock industry.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1459,T] (1).
22.
Association Study Of Polymorphism In Growth Hormone Gene With Milk And Growth Traits In Beetal (Caprahircus)
by Hira Waseem | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Miss Asma | Mohammad Asif.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1545,T] (1).
