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Clinical And Genetic Study Of Myopia In Myopic Families From Lahore.

by Nabeeha Moeen | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ali raza awan | Dr.Aftab ahmad.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia is described as the common cause of impaired vision and visual disability. In this disease the image is not focused sharply on the retina causing a blur vision to be formed and this condition of eye is referred as myopia. It is highly prevalent eye disease with its prevalence estimated to be I trillion throughout the world and approximately four billion in Pakistan. It is multi factorial disease with 19 loci identified up to date. Five myopic families were identified and selected for this study from different areas of Lahore. Linkage analysis of these families was done by MYP3, MYP4 and MYP5 loci (each consisting of a set of 3 microsatellite markers) of myopia that were selected from the panel of 19 loci. A total number of 9 microsatellite markers were used to analyze 24 samples from five families. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, linkage analysis was carried out by genotyping through PAGE and haplotypes were constructed for the families. Through the haplotype analysis of pedigree it was found that none of the families was found linked on any of the loci. The comparison of linkage analysis past studies with this study yielded no evidence for the presence of linkage in any of the family genotypes on the three loci. Also the LOD score calculation suggested that as all the pedigrees were found to be unlinked, the LOD score values calculated was less than 1 which suggests that markers also do not support the linkage. This may be due to the less availability of normal samples and total number of affected samples. Moreover according to clinical factors, the individuals selected had low cylindrical component which suggest that these individuals are having simple to moderate myopia. Whereas, increase in spherical component with age shifts the lens more towards positive value (hyperopia) was also observed. It is concluded from this study that no linkage was identified in any of the family. Both clinical and genetic factors are involved in development of myopia. Further detail study on the loci of myopia is required especially focusing the families with consanguineous marriages. Because in such families the probability of presence of linkage is more as the chances of transmission of disease allele are more in cousin marriages. From the presence of unlinked pedigrees it can also be proposed that any novel locus is present and through the identification of this novel locus, a novel gene can also be identified. Moreover, there is a probability that through genome wide screening, any other loci on any other families of Lahore may show an inherited pattern. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1158,T] (1).

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Detection Of Toxoplasma Gondii From Water And Matrices (Soil,Fruits &

by Adeela Ajmal | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Kamran ashraf | Dr.Aftab ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is a widely distributed protozoan disease capable of infecting a variety of animal species. Felids, both domestic and wild, are capable of serving as definitive hosts, shedding T.gondii oocysts in their faeces. People acquire toxoplasmosis posnatally by ingesting T.gondii oocysts from contaminated environments or by consuming T.gondii tissue cysts in inadequately meat products, raw meat containing tissue cysts or by ingestion of resistant oocysts from environmental matrices (soil, water, fruits and vegetables). However, the impact of oocysts in toxoplasmosis epidemiology needs to be specified because they are suspected to be associated with T.gondii seroprevalence in some emerging outbreaks of acute toxoplasmosis in humans from soil or water. They are probably responsible for a significant part of infections in animals that could be later consumed by humans. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples is great challenge as this coccidian parasite can be responsible for severe infections in humans and animals via ingestion of a single oocyst from contaminated water, soil, fruits or vegetables. The present proposed study was designed to develop methods for the detection of oocysts from Water, soil, food and parks environment. The results of recovery test showed that it was possible to detect Tooplasma gondii parasite from water samples collected from various sources i e, drinking water from muncipility, lakes, pools, various reservoirs around farms and from tube wells. From the results ,The highest (13%) prevalence was reported from water around farms followed by lakes & pools (9%) then water reservoirs (7%) whereas the lowest from drinking water & tubewells i e 6 & 6 percent respectively. A total of 250 samples of fruits and vegetables were collected for detection of T. gondii . From the results, it was noted that overall prevalence of T. gondii infection was higher in vegetables i e 5.6 % than fruits (4 %). A total of 250 soil samples were collected from urban and rural areas. Of these 125 were from urban areas and 125 from rural areas. From the table-3 it was shown that the highest prevalence of T. gondii infection was noted in gardens and back yards of homes and gardens i e 20 & 20 % respectively. In these places cats often defecate and become a source of infection. Then followed by public enclosures where infection was 14.3%. The lowest i e 13.3% infection was noted at homes of urban areas. T. gondii infection in rural areas indicated that It was highest (20% ) in home back yards followed by homes (16.7%) then public enclosure (14.5%) whereas the lowest (13.3%) at gardens of rural areas. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1161,T] (1).

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Chemical Equivalence Of Different Brands Of Amoxicillin Trihydrate And Its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

by Rana Adnan Ali | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr aftab Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Adil Rasheed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the chemical equivalence of different brands of amoxicillin trihydrate (long acting and short acting) approved by the ministry of health and available in the market for veterinary use. Amoxicillin was measured by HPLC method developed and standardized in the laboratory. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the amoxicillin trihydrate was determined. Solutions of different concentrations were prepared from amoxicillin trihydrate reference standard for the determination of LOD. and were protected from light and stored at 2-8 oC until used. The LOD calculated by us was 0.100 (µg / ml) and LOQ was 0.5 (µg / ml). Correlation Coefficient should be ? 0.99 and the result obtained by the data was 0.99984050. Chemical equivalence of all brands was determined by using HPLC systems (Shimadzu & Agilent). Concentrations for reference standard (50, 25 and 10 ?g /ml ) and for each brand (Alomox LA, Amovet LA, Farmox LA, Novamox LA, Trioxyl LA, Amoxi-vet, Colimox, and Colimoxin) were used. All the results obtained showed that maximum percentage of assay obtained among long acting was of the brand Farmox LA (101 %) and in case of short acting was of Amoxi-vet (101%). Minimum percentage of assay among long acting was of brand Amovet LA (92 %) and in case of short acting was of Colimox (96%). MIC of amoxicillin against E.coli and Staphylococcus was determined by micro broth dilution test. According to our results 73.33 % E.coli were susceptible and 26.67% were resistant to the amoxicillin trihydrate. Our results showed that 86.67% Staphylococcus were susceptible and 13.33% were resistant to Amoxicillin Trihydrate (Reference Standard). It showed that this antibiotic is still very effective against the diseases produced by the Escherichia.coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1249,T] (1).

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Effect Of Orally Adminisrered B-Gulcan From Different Sourves On Lipid Profile Of Hypercholestrolemic Rata

by Fatima razzaq | Miss.Faiza masood | Dr. Abu saeed hashmi | Dr.Aftab ahmad.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1874,T] (1).

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