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Comparative Efficacy of Steroids and Non Steroids Anti-Inflammatory Drugs On Wound Healing In Equines

by Sajid Ali (2009-VA-129) | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Hamid Akbar | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Blank CD. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2502-T] (1).

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2.
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In-Vivo Efficacy Of Aqueous And Alcoholic Extracts Of Hedera Helix Against Fasciolosis In Sheep

by Muhammad Faisal Raza (2008-VA-206) | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem | Dr. Imran Rashid.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: The liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is a common parasite of ruminants in many countries in the temperate climates and often causes severe economic losses. Infection with both F. hepatica and F. gigantica may also occur in occasionally causing large scale epidemics. These parasites adversely affect the health status of animals and cause enormous economic losses Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is a worldwide, one of the most used drugs for the control of fasciolosis but the efficacy may depend on the susceptibility of the strain involved in the drug. However, resistance of the liver fluke to TCBZ in naturally infected sheep has been reported. Plants are being used as anthelmintic as the allopathic drugs today which offer substitute to the use of synthetic chemicals. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous and methanolic extracts of H. helix against fasciolosis in sheep. For this purpose, adult sheep was used for In vivo trials. Animals were screened for the presence of liver fluke and 30 sheep positive for liver fluke infestation were used for therapeutic trials. They were divided into 5 groups. Group A and B were given single dose of aqueous extract of Hedera helix at concentrations of 1.13 gm/kg and 2.25 gm/kg body weight respectively. Animals in C and D group were given 1.13 gm/kg and 2.25 gm/kg body weight respectively, while sheep in E group were given Triclabendazole at dose rate of 1 ml/5kg body weight. Fecal samples from each animal was collected in the morning, starting from day 0 pre-treatment and at days 4,7 and 14 post-treatment and were evaluated for the EPG through Modified McMaster method. The comparative efficacy was analysed by two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 20.0. A probability levels ˂0.05 was considered as statistically significant. During In vivo experiment all the treatments showed significant reduction in EPG. The maximum reduction in EPG showed by crude aqueous extract (CAE) at day 4 post treatment at 1.13 gm/kg dose rate was 20.0012 %. There were no significant reduction in EPG at day 7 and 14 day for aqueous extract. The maximum reduction by aqueous extract at day 4 at dose Summary 29 rate of 2.25 gm/kg was 40.47 % and at day 7 it was 45.24 %, whereas there was no significant reduction at day 14 post treatment. The maximum reduction showed by crude Methanolic extract at dose rate of 1.13 gm/kg at day 4 was 29.54 %. At day 7 post treatment the reduction of EPG was 40.09 % and at day 14 the reduction was 43.18 %. The maximum reduction showed by crude Methanolic extract at dose rate of 2.25 gm/kg at day 4 was 56.09 %. At day 7 post treatment the reduction of EPG was 64.85 % and at day 14 the reduction was 68.29 %. The positive control treated with Triclabendazole showed the maximum reduction of 97.5 % in eggs per gram (EPG). So it is concluded from the study that the extracts of Hedera helix have the anthelmintic efficacy against liver fluke. The increase in dose rate of extracts may give better results. So there is need to conduct further studied and more trials on Hedera helix extracts under field conditions to achieve maximum efficiency levels. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2431-T] (1).

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Comparative Efficacy Of Albendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate, Ajwain And Kamala Against Toxocara Vitulorum Infestation In Bovine Calves

by Muhammad Zahid IQbal (2007-VA-72) | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem | Dr. Arshad Javid.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Toxocara vitulorum is a round worm of cattle and buffalo that is common in tropical and subtropical area.Toxocara vitulorum from infected cattle and buffalo transmitted to calves via colostrum and placenta while its transmission was very less though feed and water. Toxocara vitulorum infestation was very high in calves and it caused mortalities in calve ages between 1 to 3 months, while infestation was less in high age groups.Mortality in cattle and buffalo calves reached up to 50% andcause poor growth, colic, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia and ketosis in calves. These worms could cause intestinal strangulation, holes and blockage in intestines of calves. Resent study was designed to check the prevalence and therapeutic trial of Toxocara vitulorum in cow and buffalo calves. These results were very helpful for the treatment of the Toxocara vitulorum that was a major endo-parasite in the cows and buffalo calves. Fecal samples from 300 cows and buffalo were examined under the compound microscope for ova. Positive cow and buffalo calves were divided in five groups and different treatments were given to each group. Egg per Gram (EPG) counted at day 7and 14th post-treatment. Overall prevalence Toxocara vitulorum was 49% in cow calves and 59% in buffalo calves. Prevalence was higher in 1-3 month age group calves (78% in cow calves & 91% in buffalo calves) while prevalence was higher in female calves (52% in cow and 61% in buffalo calves) as compare to male calves (44% in cow and 55% in buffalo calves). Prevalence was higher in the summer stress months. The efficacy of the Albendazole was lowest in both cows and buffalo calves. The efficacy of Albendazole in cow was 25% and 31% at day 7th and 14th, respectively while in buffalo calves the efficacy of Albendazole was 24% and 31% at 7th and 14th days of post treatment, respectively. The efficacy of Pyrantel pamoate was 98% and 100 % in cow calves at day 7th and 14th, respectively while in buffalo calves the efficacy of Pyrantel pamoate was 81% and 100% at day 7th and 14th, respectively. The efficacy of Ajwain in cow calves was 59% and 69% at day 7th and 14th, respectively while in buffalo calves it was 58% and 69% at day 7th and 14th, respectively. The efficacy of Kamala in cow calves was 33% and 39% at day 7th and 14th day of post-treatment, respectively and buffalo calves the efficacy was 34% and 42% at day 7th and 14th of post-treatment. It is concluded from the present study that both in cow and buffalo calves, Toxocara vitulorum is most prevalent parasitic infestation. This parasite is more prevalent in female calves, 1-6 months of age and during hot and humid season in both cows and buffaloes. Pyrantel pamoate is proved to be better than Ajwain but Albendazole and Kamala was not justified good dewormer against Toxocariasis in bovine calves. . Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2656-T] (1).

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