51.
Experimental Animal Physiology and Biochemistry
by Nigam, S.C | Omkar.
Material type: Publisher: India : New Age International Pvt Ltd Publishers, 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0892 Nigam 19276 1st 2003 Physiology] (1).
52.
Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry / 4th ed
by Harborne, J. B.
Edition: 4th ed.Material type: Publisher: UK : Academic Press, 1994Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 577.44 Harborne 20108 4th 1992 Biochemistry] (1).
53.
Textbook of Biochemistry
by Singh, S.P.
Edition: 1st ed..Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Campus Books, 2002Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572 Sandhu 15539 1st 2002 Biochemistry] (1).
54.
Medical Biochemistry at a Glance
by Salway, J. G.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 612.015 Salway 19598 2nd 2006 Biochemistry] (1).
55.
Biochemistry
by Dr. Veena.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India : Sonali Publications, 2008Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Veena 24351 1st 2008 Biochemistry] (1).
56.
Medical Biochemistry
by Aroor, Annayya Rao.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: India : Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub, 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 612.015 Aroor 29303 1st 2011 Biochemistry] (1).
57.
Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
by Wilson,Keith | Wilson, Keith | Walker, John.
Edition: 7th ed.Material type: Publisher: UK : Cambridge University Press, 2010Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 573.44 Wilson 28993 7th 2012 Biochemistry] (1), UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Wilson 28926 7th 2012 Biochemistry] (1).
58.
A Guidebook to Biochemistry
by Yudkin, Michael.
Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: Publisher: UK : Cambridge University Press, 2000Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Yudkin 11756 4th 1980 Biochemistry] (1).
59.
Textbook of Veterinary Biochemistry
by Dhanotiya R. S.
Edition: 2nd edition.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Inida: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0892015 Dhanotiya 17171 2nd 2004 Biochemistry] (6).
60.
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
by Elliott, William H | Elliott, Daphne C.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: UK : Oxford University Press, 2001Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Elliott 18114 2nd 2002 Biochemistry] (1).
61.
Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals / 4th ed
by Kaneko, Jiro.
Edition: 4thMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA : Academic Press, 1989Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089607 Kaneko 14729 4th 1989 Biochemistry] (2).
62.
Text book of Biochemistry
by Saxena, Amita.
Material type: Publisher: Inida : Discovery Publishing Pvt.Ltd, 2008Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Saxena 18866 1st 2006 Biochemistry] (1).
63.
Biochemistry of Biomolecules
by Kamal, Ritu.
Material type: Publisher: India : Paragon International Publishers, 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Kamal 19340 1st 2007 Biochemistry] (1).
64.
Biochemistry and Biotechnology
by Banerjee,S.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Dominant Publishers; 2009Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Banerjee 24352 1st 2009 Biochemistry] (1).
65.
Lippincott's illustrated Reviews : Biochemistry / 3rd ed
by Champe,Pamela.
Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: Publisher: India: Gopsons papers 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Champe 17886 3rd 2005 Biochemistry] (6).
66.
Lippincott's illustrated Reviews : Biochemistry / 4th ed
by Champe, Pamela C.
Edition: 4th ed.Material type: Publisher: India: Replika press, 2008Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Champe 23432 4th 2008 Biochemistry] (2).
67.
A Dictionary of Biochemistry
by R.K.Prashar, J.L.Sharma.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: India : CBS Publisher & Distributors P Ltd, 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.4403 Sharma 27667 1st 2010 Biochemistry] (1).
68.
Case Files
by St, Eugene C. Toy; Jr. William E Seifert; Henry W.
Edition: International student edition.Material type: Publisher: USA : McGraw-Hill, 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Toy 22985 1st 2005 Biochemistry] (1).
69.
Elsevier's Integrated Biochemistry
by PhD, John W. Pelley.
Edition: 1 Pap/Psc ed.Material type: Publisher: USA : Mosby, 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Pelley 19430 1st 2010 Biochemistry] (1).
70.
Principles of Physical Biochemistry
by Holde,Kensal E.
Edition: 2nded.Material type: Publisher: USA: Pearson Education 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 574.19283 Hoolde 17904 2nd 2006 Biochemistry] (1).
71.
Molecular Techniques in Biochemistry and Biotechnology
by Shrivastava, Siddhartha.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: [India] : New Central Book Agency, 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 574.87 Shrivastava 28924 1st 2012 Genetics] (1).
72.
Cell Signaling : Principles and Mechanisms
by Lim, Wendell | Mayer, Bruce | Pawson, Tony.
Edition: Pap/Chrt ed.Material type: Publisher: USA: Garland Science, 2015Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 571.74 Lim 30275 1st 2015 Biochemistry] (1).
73.
Biochemistry
by Berg, Jeremy Mark | Stryer, Lubert [Creator; Author] | Tymoczko, John L., 1948- [Creator; Author].
Edition: 7th revised international ed.Material type: Publisher: USA: Palgrave MacMillan, 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572 Berg 30274 7th 2012 Biochemistry] (1).
74.
Introduction to Chemistry for Biology Students
by Sackheim, George I.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co, 1996Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 540.2457 Sackheim 14096 5th 1996 Biochemistry] (1).
75.
Protein Purification Applications : A Practical Approach
by Roe, Simon (edit).
Material type: Publisher: New Delhi : OUP, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572.6 Roe 23229 1st 2004 Biochemistry] (1).
76.
An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry
by Plummer,David T.
Edition: 3rded.Material type: Publisher: India: Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company 1987Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Plummer 18869 3rd 1987 Biochemistry] (1).
77.
Essentials of Medical Biochemistry
by Mushtaq Ahmed.
Edition: 8thed.Material type: Publisher: Pakistan: Ilmi Book House; 2011Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 573.44 Mushtaq 29082 8th 2011 Biochemistry] (4), UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Mushtaq 29069 8th 2011 Biochemistry] (64). Checked out (4). In transit (1).
78.
Elsevier's Integrated Biochemistry
by PhD, John W. Pelley.
Edition: 1 Pap/Psc ed.Material type: Publisher: China: Mosby, 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.07 Pelley 23008 1st 2007 Biochemistry] (1).
79.
Practical Manual of Biochemistry
by Singh, S.P.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: CBS Publishers; 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 574.192 Singh 16567 5th 2004 Biochemistry] (1).
80.
Practical Skills in Biomolecular Sciences
by Reed,Rob | Holmes,David | Weyers,Jonathan | Jones,Allan.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Hong Kong: Prentice Hall, 1998Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572.8 Reed 14416 1st 1998 Biochemistry] (1).
81.
Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals / 2nd ed
by Kaneko, Jiro J.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA : Academic Press, 1970Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0892015 Kaneko 11459 1st.Vol.2 1971 Biochemistry] (2).
82.
Advances in Biochemistry and Biotechnology
by Chakraborty, Chiranjin.
Material type: Publisher: New Delhi : Daya Publishing House, 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572 Chakraborty 17945 Vol.1 2005 Biochemistry] (1).
83.
An Introduction to the Mathematics of Biology
by yeargers.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: [S.l.] : SPRINGER INDIAN, 2011Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 570.151 Yeargers 28908 1st 2011 Biochemistry] (1).
84.
Principles and Reactions of Protein Extraction, Purification, and Characterization
by Ahmed, Hafiz | PhD, Hafiz Ahmed.
Material type: Publisher: U.S.A: CRC Press; 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572.6 Ahmed 17241 1st 2005 Biochemistry] (1).
85.
Protein Biotechnology
by Kumar, A.
Material type: Publisher: Delhi: Discovery Publishing Pvt. Ltd; 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 660.63 Kumar 18865 1st 2006 Biotechnology] (1).
86.
Bacterial Growth and Division : Biochemistry and Regulation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Division Cycles
by Stephen, Cooper.
Material type: Publisher: Delhi: Elsevier India Private Limited; 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 589.908761 Cooper 20121 1st 2006 Biochemistry] (3).
87.
Animal Physiology & Biochemistry
by Srivastava, Anil K | Agarwal, R. A | Kaushal, Kumar.
Material type: Publisher: Delhi: S Chand & Co Ltd; 2005Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 571.1 Anil 33061 1st 2018 Biochemistry] (1), UVAS Library [Call number: 571.1 Anil 20904 1st 2005 Biochemistry] (1).
88.
Parentage Analysis And Breed Characterization Of Dogs By Microsatellite Markers
by Muhammad Sajid Tahir | 5/31/2010 | Mr.Tanveer Hussain | Mrs.Saeeda.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Pakistan has vast population of dogs belonging to different breeds. Most of the dogs have no pedigree record which is a great threat to conservation of different breeds. No study on DNA fingerprinting of dogs has been conducted in Pakistan. DNA fingerprinting of dogs is necessary to overcome the problems like forensic cases, sale & purchase, individual identity in case of fertilization by more than one male and ownership disputes. Microsatellite markers have been proved as an efficient and powerful tool for parentage testing and breed characterization of dogs. In this study, a panel of microsatellite markers, having high polymorphism information content (PlC) values, was developed. Blood samples were taken from cephalic vein of two breeds of dogs (German shepherd and Labrador retriever). DNA was extracted by Inorganic method. Primers of microsatellite markers were optimized for successful amplification conditions in the Bio-Rad thermocycler. Multiplex PCR was performed, for amplification of these microsatellite markers on 46 samples belonging to 20 families. Genotyping analysis was performed for the PCR products of microsatellite markers on non denaturing polyacrylamide gel. These results were analyzed statistically software "POPGENE 3.3 and POWER STAT". Allele frequency, heterozygosity, homozygosity, polymorphism information content (PlC), power of discrimination and power of exclusion of all microsatellite markers were calculated. Average power of discrimination among non parents, average hetrozygosity, average observed homozygosity and average polymorphism information content (PlC) value for all alleles was 0.809, 0.6345, 0.2913 and 0.724 respectively. Moreover combined power of exclusion reached a significant value of 0.9998. Almost all of the microsatellite markers showed significant variations in both German shepherd and Labrador retriever breeds. Microsatellite "REN41D2Ob" showed maximum variation i.e. 17 alleles and microsatellite"REN49F22b" showed the least variation among all microsatellite markers i.e. 4 alleles. Genotyping results of microsatellite markers were clearly different for two different breeds showing a distinct genetic distance between German shepherd and Labrador retriever breeds.
Results of this study lead to development of a panel of microsatellite markers which can be used for parentage analysis and breed characterization of dogs. This was a preliminary study on dogs in Pakistan. This facility can be provided on commercial basis to pet owners and kennel clubs. Moreover this study can become the basis for further research investigations in canines in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1090,T] (1).
89.
Horses Parentage Analysis And Breed Characterization By Microsafellipe Markers
by Javed Iqbal | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr.Ahmad Ali | Mrs.Saeeda Kalsoom.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Horses (Equus caballus) have been considered one of the most significant domesticated animals in human use, including sports, urban and rural transportation and military logistics. Paternity confirmation and breed identification is the basic pre-requisite for rearing specific breeds and maintaining the pedigree records of horses. DNA finger printing has been successfully used for paternity and breed confirmation. Mainly DNA finger printing is done through microsettalite markers for paternity analysis and breed characterization. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a panel of microsettalite markers for paternity analysis and selected horse breeds characterization. Three horse breeds Percheron, Pak Arab and Thoroughbred were selected for this purpose. Sampling of 20 families (Foals, Mare and Stallion) of three selected horse breeds was conducted from Remount Depot Mona. The blood samples was collected in sterilized Falcon tubes each containing lOOjiL EDTA (0.2 mM). DNA was extracted from all blood samples by using inorganic method. The microsatellite markers were selected from ISAG (International Society of Animal Genetics), Indian and TKY recommended panels. The primers were designed for these microsatellite markers using primer3 free ware. All Microsatellite markers used were direpeats. Conditions for successful amplification by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) were optimized and microsatellite markers were grouped into 6 multiplexes (tn and diplex). PCR products of optimized multiplexes were visualized on U V illuminator after gel electrophoresis. DNA amplification was done through PCR by using optimized multiplexes of microsatellite markers for all the samples. Polyacrylarnide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) was used for genotyping of amplified DNA samples. Allele sizes of all amplicons were calculated by relative flow method. Alleles for all microsatcilite markers were analyzed statistically by "POPGEN 32 and POWER STAT" software. The investigation revealed average PlC value 0.97, average observed heterozygosity 0.923 1, average observed homozygosity 0.0769, combined power of exclusion (P.E) 0.9999 and combined polymorphic loci percentage for 13 microsettalite markers was 100%. Perchron breed showed genetic identity with Pak Arab and Thoroughbred up to 0.3470 and 0.6157 respectively. Pak Arab exhibited genetic identity with Thoroughbred horse up to 0.6616 where as Perchron breed showed genetic distance with Pak Arab and Thoroughbred up to 1.0585 and 0.4850 respectively. Pak Arab exhibited genetic distances with Thoroughbred up to 0.413 1. Results of analysis were used to describe the new microsettalite markers assay for parentage confirmation and breed characterization of selected breeds (Perchron, Pak Arab and Thoroughbred) horses. 'Ihis panel of microsetallite marker was useful and reliable tool for individual identification and parentage analysis in horses. This microsettalite marker panel can be used on commercial basis in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1092,T] (1).
90.
A Study Of Plasma Homocysteine And Copper In Patients Of Coronary Artery Disease
by Umer Saeed Ansari | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The present study was carried out on 60(56 males and 4 females) stable coronary artery disease patients selected from the angiography department of Shaukat Khanum Medical & research Laboratories. Only those patients were selected as cases, who verified angiographically, as having coronary artery disease. Thirty controls were also selected from angiography department of Shaukat KhanumMedical & research Laboratories. These were the patients who on angiography were verified as having normal coronary arteries. The patients were between the ages of 30-60 years. Mean age of the cases was 43.95±5.6 years and the mean age of controls was 42.87±7.27 years (Table 1). No significant difference was found between the distribution of patients age among cases and controls. Among the cases 93% were males and 7% were females. Various risk factors which predispose to coronary artery disease were also . recorded in our study such as history of hypertension, smoking, history of hyperlipidemia, family history of coronary artery disease, obesity, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum copper and plasma Homocysteine.
Regarding the history of smoking, there were 51.7% smokers among the cases. In the control group only 30% were smokers and this difference was statistically not significant (p value 0.05) (Table 3). History of hyperlipidemia was present in 17 cases and 4 controls. The family history of coronary heart disease was seen in 33 cases and 11 controls. There was no statistical difference between the distribution or these factors among cases and controls (Table 3).
The cases had a mean BMI of 27.38±3.75and the controls had a mean BMI of 27.l4±5.56. In the control group 63.30/0 were overweight and obese and among the cases 71.6°1<> were overweight and obese. A number of biochemical tests including serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum copper and plasma Homocysteine, were done on the study population. The mean serum cholesterol among the cases was 184.23±37.83mg/dl and in the controls it was 171.07±48.24mg/dl. No difference was found between the distribution of mean cholesterol levels in cases and controls (Fig 5). The mean triglyceride level was 207±84.71mg/dl among the cases and 160±71.27mg/dl in controls. The difference was statistically significant (Fig 6).
The principal observation of this study is that mean plasma tHcy of cases was significantly higher (15.21±2.67Ilmol/l) as compared to controls (10.88±1.88Ilmol/l) (p value <0.01) (Fig 7).
The other major observation was that there was a significant difference in the distribution of serum copper among cases and controls when serum copper was divided into groups (Table 8).
This study observed more patients with conventional risk factors in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects (n=36) than the patients having low Homocysteine level (n=54). In spite of this no association was found between hyperhomocysteinemia and these risk factors except serum copper (p value <0.01). The mean serum copper in subjects with normal plasma Homocysteine level was 81.96~g/dl and in the patients with hyperhomcysteinemia it was 1 00.82~g/d1. A positive correlation was found between serum copper and plasma Homocysteine (r=0.44) Coronary artery disease is associated with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia in our study and it shows a positive correlation with serum copper. It does not show any association with other risk factors.
Since hyperhomocysteinemia is commonly seen in our patients, it is prudent to manage these subjects with vitamin supplements and adequate nutrition.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1094,T] (1).
91.
Breed Characterization Of Red Sindhi And Tharparkar Cattle Breeds By Mitochondrial D-Loop And Gytochrome
by Nabeela Akhtar | Mr. Tanveer Hussain | Prof. Dr. Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Livestock plays an important role in economy of Pakistan. Different livestock animals used for for meat, milk, draught, and sports. The genetic data of different cattle breeds like Red Sindhi and Tharparkar is not available which needs to be established for their genetic identification, conservation and to find their genetic diversity among them. Blood samples of pure bred animals were collected from their respective home tracts. The Red Sindhi cattle samples were collected from (Barani Livestock Production Research Institute, Kherimurat, Attock, Govt. Red Sindhi Cattle Breeding Farm, Tando Muhammad Khan and Department of Livestock Management, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam) and Tharparkar cattle samples were collected from (Department of Livestock Management, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Tharparkar cattle Farm at Nabi Sar Road and from Tando Qaiser in Sind). DNA was extracted with the standard protocol in Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory of Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Specific primers were designed by using special softwares Primer 3 for mitochondrial D-loop region and Cytochrom b gene from NCBI accession no. AF492350. Then after primers optimization PCR amplification was done. Then sequencing of target fragments was carried out. Sequences were alligned with the help of software blast2sequence. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP5) were identified and comparison of 5 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of two cattle breeds was done. Sequences were analyzed and compared with already reported sequence of Mitochondrial DNA of Bos indicuss, Bos taurus and Bubalus bubalis available at NCBI.
Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 4.1 software (http://www.megasoftware.net/MEGA4.1.html) showed that Pakistani, European and Asian cattle are genetically same but different from Buffalo. This work provided the genetic data which is very helpful for determining the genetic diversity of cattle population, breed identification, animal forensic and paternity cases and making effective breeding policies and conservational activities in future. This work is very helpful about breed characterization of two cattle breeds (Red Sindhi and Tharparker) and developing understanding about genetic architecture of cattle breeds as present study conclude that six SNPs were present in both breeds, four private to Red Sindhi and 22 were private to Tharparkar.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1155,T] (1).
92.
Genetic Study Of Myp6, Mpy7, And Myp8, Loci Of Myopia In Punjabi Families
by Maria Arshad | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Abu Saeed | Dr. Ali Raza Awan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia is a refractive abnormality of the eye in which the parallel light rays from an object at optical infinity are focused by the eye in front of the retina rather than on it. It may be syndromic or non-syndromic. An extreme genetic heterogeneity is associated with this disorder. This is the first experimental study on Myopia in Pakistan. So, investigating the loci of myopia here is very important because this disease is spreading day by day with prevalence rate of 36.5%.
Microsatellite markers have been proved as an efficient and powerful tool for discovering any diseased locus. So a panel of these markers was used in this study. Blood samples of various myopic families were collected from various areas of Punjab and their DNA was extracted with the standard protocol. The amplification of DNA was done with primers of microsatellite markers belonging to the loci MYP6, MYP7 and MYP8. Genotyping was done for linkage analysis through PAGE. Haplotypes were made manually by observing the alleles of all the individuals on the gel. The results showed potential linkage against MYP7 locus for the family Myo-3 with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. This family belongs to the caste "Khawaja" and was enrolled from PCSIR Phase II, Lahore, Punjab. All the affected individuals carried the same allele that was not present in the normal subject. Later the LOD Score for this family was calculated and maximum LOD score came out to be 0.0803 at the marker D11S904 that showed very low percentage of linkage. This can be confirmed by extending the family by further sampling.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1157,T] (1).
93.
Clinical And Genetic Study Of Myopia In Myopic Families From Lahore.
by Nabeeha Moeen | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ali raza awan | Dr.Aftab ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia is described as the common cause of impaired vision and visual disability. In this disease the image is not focused sharply on the retina causing a blur vision to be formed and this condition of eye is referred as myopia. It is highly prevalent eye disease with its prevalence estimated to be I trillion throughout the world and approximately four billion in Pakistan. It is multi factorial disease with 19 loci identified up to date. Five myopic families were identified and selected for this study from different areas of Lahore. Linkage analysis of these families was done by MYP3, MYP4 and MYP5 loci (each consisting of a set of 3 microsatellite markers) of myopia that were selected from the panel of 19 loci. A total number of 9 microsatellite markers were used to analyze 24 samples from five families. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, linkage analysis was carried out by genotyping through PAGE and haplotypes were constructed for the families.
Through the haplotype analysis of pedigree it was found that none of the families was found linked on any of the loci. The comparison of linkage analysis past studies with this study yielded no evidence for the presence of linkage in any of the family genotypes on the three loci. Also the LOD score calculation suggested that as all the pedigrees were found to be unlinked, the LOD score values calculated was less than 1 which suggests that markers also do not support the linkage. This may be due to the less availability of normal samples and total number of affected samples.
Moreover according to clinical factors, the individuals selected had low cylindrical component which suggest that these individuals are having simple to moderate myopia. Whereas, increase in spherical component with age shifts the lens more towards positive value (hyperopia) was also observed.
It is concluded from this study that no linkage was identified in any of the family. Both clinical and genetic factors are involved in development of myopia. Further detail study on the loci of myopia is required especially focusing the families with consanguineous marriages. Because in such families the probability of presence of linkage is more as the chances of transmission of disease allele are more in cousin marriages. From the presence of unlinked pedigrees it can also be proposed that any novel locus is present and through the identification of this novel locus, a novel gene can also be identified. Moreover, there is a probability that through genome wide screening, any other loci on any other families of Lahore may show an inherited pattern.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1158,T] (1).
94.
Identification Of Novel Snps Of Mitochondrial D- Loop And Cytochrome B In Pakistani Goat And Sheep Breeds
by Haleema Sadia | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ahmad ali | Dr. Ali awan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Pakistan has approximately 53.79 million goats and 26.49 million of Sheep. Goats AND Sheep are kept for milk meat and wool production and contribute significantly to the income of the farmers. Thirty recognized breeds of goats and twenty eight breeds of sheep found in Pakistan. Improvement of livestock productivity per unit animal remains the primary concern of research and development efforts. The purpose of this research work was the genetic improvement of Sheep and Goat breeds. In this present study of Goat and Sheep, Ten different breeds of Goat: Barbari, Beetal, Pahari hairy, Kamori, Damani, Khurasani, L.Hairy, Teddy, Lehri goat, Nachi and ten different breeds of Sheep: Bulkhi, Dumari, Kachi, Kaghani, Salt range, Awassi, Thalli, Lohi, Krakul, Shenwari were selected but the genetic data of different goat and sheep breeds is lacking which need to be established for their genetic characterization. Blood samples of unrelated true representatives of all breeds were collected from their respective home tract. DNA was extracted with the use of standard protocol and amplification of the mitochondrial. D-loop and Cytochrome b region was done with specific primers in Molecular Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory in the deptt of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Sequencing of amplified portion of mt.DNA D-loop and Cytochrome b was done. Sequences were analyzed with the help of software blast 2 sequence. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and comparison of 50, 50 samples of Goats and Sheep of Cytochrome b gene and mitochondrial D-loop region were compared with their respective reference sequences. Genetic identity between ten goat breeds were calculated by BioEdit. 50 goat haplotypes and 49 sheep hapoltypes were identified. All haplotypes were rich in AT contents. 22 conserved region were identified which were common in Goats and Sheep (BioEdit, 7.0). Goals and Sheep sequence comparison was made by using sheep Ovis aries as a referenece. 405 varibale sites were already present in Goat and Sheep. Capra hircus (AF533441) had 41 insertions and 9 deletions with respect to Ovis aries (AFO 10406.1). Phylogenetic tree was constrncted using Mega 4.1 software showing the relationships between different haplotypes. Haplotpes of this research work were compared with some world wide haplotypes of Goat and Sheep separately. Goat showed very close relationship with haplotypes of Africa, Asia and Europe, while Sheep showed close relation with Europeaon and Asian haplotypes. Both Goat and Sheep seemed to have domestication from Asia. From analysis of Goat and Sheep with their wild reported haplotypes, it was confirmed that Goats and Sheep used in this research work were domestic and had close relation with Capra aegagrus and Capra sibrica was present at the bottom of phylogenetic tree. While Sheep (Ovis aries) showed a close relation with wild Mouflon (Ovis musimon).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1159,T] (1).
95.
Study Of Autosomal Recessive Non Syndromic Mental Retardation Locus By Linkage Analysis
by Sajjad Ali Shah | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Aftab | Mr. Tanveer Hussain.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Mental retardation (MR) is the retarded conditions of mind in which the intelligence quotient (IQ) is lower than 70, associated with a deficiency in adaptive behavior such as communication and daily living skills. Mental retardation is either the only consistent handicap (non-syndromic) or is combined with other physical and br behavioral abnormalities (syndromic). It is one of the most common disorders and it affects about 1-3% of the human population, with a proportion higher in males than females. In the present study 10 families with two or more affected individuals were selected from different areas of Malakand Division and district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Family history was taken and pedigrees were made personally by visiting the families and using specially designed proformas after their consent. The blood was collected from the selected families aseptically. Then DNA was extracted by standard inorganic protocol. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers (D3S3630,
D3S3050, D3S1620) in vicinity of MR locus (MRT2CRBN gene) were selected, optimized and amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The affected families were screened for linkage to MRT2A locus using Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). The haplotypes were then constructed to determine the linkage of families to MRT2A locus. Out often selected families two families (MR-02 and MR-07) showed linkage to autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation locus MRT2A. This is the first report of MRT2A phenotype linkage in families from Malakand Division where consanguineous marriages are very common. Further study is needed to explore the other linkages in mentally retarded families in local population. The present study will help us to determine the genetics basis of mental retardation in affected families of Pakistan. It will also help us to screen out carrier individuals in our population that would help to develop genetic counseling strategies to prevent the progression of mental retardation in the country.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1162,T] (1).
96.
Dna Typing Of Pakistani Cattle Breeds (Tharparkar And Red Sindhi) By Microsatellites
by Amber Azam | Miss Sehrish Firyal | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Pakistan has vast population of cattle belonging to different breeds. No study on DNA typing of cattle has been conducted in Pakistan. DNA typing of cattle is necessary to overcome the problems like forensic cases, sale & purchase, individual identity in case of fertilization by more than one male and ownership disputes. Microsatellite markers have been proved as an efficient and powerful tool for breed characterization of cattle. In this study, a panel of microsatellite markers, having high polymorphism information content (PlC) values, was developed. Blood samples were taken from jagular vein of two breeds of cattle (Tharparkar and Red Sindhi). DNA was extracted by Inorganic method. Primers of labeled microsatellite markers were optimized for successful amplification conditions in the Bio-Rad thermocycler. Multiplex PCR was performed, for amplification of these labeled microsatellite markers on 44 samples of cattle. (ienotyping analysis was performed for the PCR products of labeled microsatellite markers on agarose gel and then by the genotyper. These results were analyzed statistically software "POPGENE 3.3 and POWER STAT". Allele frequency, heterozygosity, homozygosity and polymorphism information content (PlC) of all microsatellite markers were calculated. Average hetrozygosity, average observed homozygosity and average polymorphism infonnation content (PlC) value for all alleles was 0.60, 0.40 and 0.91 respectively. Almost all of the microsatellite markers showed significant variations in both Tharparkar and Red Sindhi breeds. Microsatellite "1NRAOO5" showed maximum variation i.e. 19 alleles and microsatellite"INRAO23" showed the least variation among all microsatellite markers i.e. 2 alleles. Genotyping results of microsatellite markers were clearly different for two different breeds showing a distinct genetic distance between Tharparkar and Red Sindhi breeds.
Results of this study lead to development of a panel of 19 microsatellite markers which can be used for breed characterization of cattle. This was a preliminary study on two cattle breeds (Tharparkar and Red Sindhi) in Pakistan. This facility can be provided on commercial basis to owners. Moreover this study can become the basis for further research investigations on cattle in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1165,T] (1).
97.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms &Haplotypic Diversity In The Prkabi Gene Of Pakistani Buffalo Breeds
by Ambrin Fatima | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Asif Nadeem | Prof.Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: No items available
98.
Bioconversion Of Agriculture Waste To Butyric Acid Through Solid State Fermentation With Clostridium
by Tasleem Akhtar | Dr. Abdu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Ali Raza | Miss Shagufta Saeed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Butyric acid is widely used in chemical, food, pharmaceutical industries, in pure form to enhance butter-like notes in food flavors or in the form of esters, as aromatic compounds for the production of perfumes, in dairy products, in the manufacture of cellulose acetate butyrate plastics which is used for textile fiber production, in the treatment of hemoglobinopathies, cancer, and gastrointestinal diseases It is produced in the fermentation by microbial flora living in the large intestine of humans and other monogastric animals. The butyric acid production at industry scale is dominated by chemical synthesis as the starting materials derived from crude oil is currently more attractive due to its low production cost and large scale supply. With the decreasing supply of world crude oil, the increasing supply of food industry by-products which can be used for butyric acid production and the increasing consumer demand for organic natural products in food additives, pharmaceutical products, and preservatives, the production of butyric acid through microbial fermentation has generated again a favorable business.
The production of butyric acid was carried out by anaerobic solid state fermentation by C. tyrobutyricum culturing on wheat bran, rice polishing, molasses and corn steep liquor was used as additives.Before its production the proximate analysis of wheat bran, rice polishings, and molasses was carried out to know their inherent nutritional potential. The fermented organism Clostridium tyrobutyricum was isolated from rumen liquor of fistulated buffalo bull .Growth media employed to culture C. tyrobutyricum for the production of butyric acid have been developed. The optimizing conditions of growth medium such ionic concentration of growth medium, source of nitrogen ,substrate to water ratio ,fermentation period and carbon-nitrogen ratio in the medium, for maximum butyric acid production was determined on micro scale at 37°C .Detection and estimation of butyric acid carried out by organic analysis method. This method is based on the catalytic oxidation of butyric acid into diacetic acid, which gives red coloration with sodium nitroprusside. The optimum conditions for the production of butyric acid thus determined on micro scale was applied on higher scale in 7 litre capacity frementer.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1169,T] (1).
99.
Estimation Of Heavy Metals In The Drinking Water Of Residential/Industrial Areas Of Lahore By Atomic Absorption
by Waheed Ahmad | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Sualeha | Miss Shagufta Saeed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Heavy metals are chemical elements with a specific gravity that is at least 5 times the specific gravity of water. The elements studied were mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium and chromium. Heavy metals have no useful biological function in the body but might be highly toxic as they cause precipitation of proteins especially the enzymes. This investigation was therefore carried out to estimate concentration of these metals and their influence on biological system. For this purpose drinking water samples were collected in one litre polyethylene bottles adding 5 mL of concentrated HNO3 as preservative to adjust the PH<2.00 to maintain heavy metal concentrations during analysis. Samples were marked with unique numbers with dates for the study of Acid Extractable metals. Similarly samples were prepared and preserved for micro biological testing.
The metallic ions were estimated by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer of Perking Elmer Model A. Analyst; 2003 at recommended wavelengths for metal ion. Acetylene gas was used as fuel (at 8 psi) and air as an oxidizer.
Statistical analysis was done. The calibration curves were prepared separately for all the metals by running suitable concentrations of the standard solutions. It was evident that concentration of chromium, lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium were high in several drinking water sources in Lahore. This problem is particularly alarming for ground water sources. Almost all water sources are contaminated with lead. According to WHO maximum acceptable limit 10 ppb ,8 water sources had mean chromium concentration in water samples above maximum acceptable limit of WHO (50 ppb), 94 water samples were contaminated with cadmium according to WHO maximum acceptable limit (10 ppb), 13 water sources had arsenic concentration above maximum acceptable limit according to WHO (50 ppb) where as 7 water samples were having concentration of arsenic less than minimum acceptable limit according to WHO (10 ppb) and only 5 water sources meet the criteria of WHO for concentration of mercury, the acceptable limit of 2 ppb.
Multitube Fermentation Technique/MPN Method as described by Mackie & McCartney was used for microbiological analysis i.e. Colifcrm bacteria. The results of this study revealed that both samples i.e. tap and ground water do not show conformity with the standards for safe portable water recommended by WHO. The most frequently encountered pathogen in this study was Escherichia Coli which was isolated more in ground water than tap water.
It is therefore concluded that by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer concentration of heavy metals in water can be determined and thus on the bases of this work precautionary measures can be taken to prevent the health hazards of these toxic metals. Similarly microbiological analysis of drinking water has provided the evidence that most of the water sources are contaminated with microbes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1170,T] (1).
100.
Molecular Investigation Of Mental Retardation Locus (Mrti)/Gene Prss12 By Linkage Analysis
by Zafar Ali | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Aftab | Mr. Muhammad Asif.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Mental retardation (MR) is a condition in which a person having an intelligence quotient (IQ) lowers than 70. It is also associated with a deficit in adaptive behavior such as communication and daily living skills. Mental retardation is either non-syndromic or syndromic. It is one of the most common genetic disorders and it affects about 1-3% of the human population, with a ratio of males higher than females. The present study was can-ied out to determine the prevalence of families having mental retardation in Pakistani population. In the present study, 7 MR families with three or more affected individuals with MR were enrolled. Family history was taken and pedigree was made personally by visiting the families. The blood samples were collected from the enrolled families. Then DNA was extracted from the blood samples collected from these families by standard inorganic protocol. After isolation of DNA from blood samples, 3 STR markers (D4S191, D4S2392 and D4S3024) in vicinity of mental retardation (MR) locus (MRT1)/gene PRSS12 were amplified on each sample of each family by PCR. The amplified PCR product was first checked on agarose gel and then genotyping analysis (linkage analysis) was performed on non denaturing polyacrylamide gel (PAGE). After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, picture of the gel was taken and alleles were read manually with larger allele donated by 2 and smaller by 1. After that haplotype was constructed to determined the pattern of inheritance among the affected and normal individuals of each family under study and also to determined that a family was linked or unlinked to mental retardation locus (MRTI)/gene PRSS12. None of the family was linked to mental retardation locus/gene PRSS12. The families which remain unlinked to the reported loci during screening signifies extreme genetic heterogeneity of MR which is not surprising because about 50% of human protein coding genes are expressed in the brain and it provides an excellent resource material for mapping of the new genes which will shed light on the complex pathways involved in the development of learning and memory in those population. The pedigree of each family in the present study showed that most of the marriages are cousin marriages; therefore this study may play a role in creating awareness about the effect of cousin marriages that is the first step towards decreasing socio-economic burden of the country by genetic counseling and also to prevent mental retardation in Pakistan due to inbreeding. Mental retardation locus (MRT1)/gene PRSS12 was studied for linkage analysis in seven families from different areas of District Swat and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. None Out of seven families was linked to mental retardation locus (MRT1 )/gene PRSS 12. All the seven families remain unlinked to this locus. It is concluded that Mental retardation is a complex genetic disorder and needs further studies to identify the already known locus or to explore novel loci through genome wide scan responsible for mental retardation in these population. This will provide opportunities of genetic counseling to these populations and will ultimately result in prevention of mental retardation in Pakistani population.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1171,T] (1).
