1.
Comparative Efficacy Of Single And Booster Foot And Mouth Disease Vaccination In Buffaloes
by Amir, M | Dr. Atta-ur-Rehman Rizvi Chairman | Dr. Mohammad Amin Sheikh Nember | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to determine the duration of immunity conferred in buffalo-calves by locally prepared cell culture (BHK-21 cell line) FMD vaccine both in response to single dose vaccination as well as to booster dose vaccination. The cell culture bivalent FMD vaccine, having 0 and Asia-I serotypes, was prepared on BHK-21 cell line and inactivated with forma-line. The virus was adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel. The virus culture having the titre not less than io6 TCID50 per ml was used for preparing the vaccine. Safety, sterility and potency of the vaccine was thoroughly checked before its use in the trial.
Eighteen buffalo-calves, aged 1-2 years, were used in the experiment. Their freeness from FMD and susceptibility were tested by performing the serum neutralization test in cell culture, which indicated the absence of neutralizing antibodies in their sera against the vaccine virus types. Their faecal examination was negative for any internal parasite after deworming twice. Twelve buffalo-calves were vaccinated subcutaneously with the field dose i.e. 5 ml and 6 animals were re-vaccinated on 28th day of primary vaccination while other 6 buffalo-calves were left as unvaccinated control. The vaccinated animals showed slightly rise in temperature 'and developed a walnut size swellings at the sites of injection otherwise they looked to be healthy.
Serum samples were collected at 0 day to 26th week from once vaccinated animals and upto 36th week from the booster vaccinated and control animals. Almost all the vaccinated animals developed antibodies against FMD on 1st week, but all the vaccinated animals developed protective levels of neutralizing antibodies against FMD on 2nd week of primary vaccination. The single dose vaccinated buffalo-calves maintained the protective level of antibodies upto 16 weeks while booster vaccinated animals remained protective for 24 weeks against both the vaccine virus types (0 and Asia-I), to which booster vaccination was done on 28th day of primary vaccination.
It was concluded from this study that the buffalo-calves of this age group should be re-vaccinated after 18 weeks of primary vaccination to protect them for further 24 weeks against F'MD i.e. booster vaccination is must for scheduling at least the biannual vaccination. Subsequent re-vaccination will increase the time span for repeating the vaccination.
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2.
Effect Of Maternal Antibodies On Antigenic Response Of Broiler Birds To Infectious Bursal Disease (228-E strain) Virus Vaccine
by Sajid Afzal, M | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Atta-ur Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effect of maternal antibodies on the antigenic response of birds to infectious bursal disease virus (288-E strain) vaccine and to study the duration of maternal antibody against IBDV in broiler. A total of one hundred forty chicks were randomly divided into eight groups i.e. A, B, C, 1), E, F, G and H. All the birds in groups A, B, C, U, E and F were vaccinated against IBDV. The birds in groups 0 and H were unvaccinated controls. However, the groups were IBDV vaccinated according to different schedules.
The presence of IBDV maternal antibodies was tested through agar gel precipitation test, and the maternal antibodies to IBDV were observable upto day 14 of the life of chicks.
All the IBDV vaccinated birds exhibited immune response to the vaccine and their response was detectable through AGPT. Antibodies were detectable on 7th day post vaccination and the responses increased upto 14th day post vaccination. The antibody titres were at peak in all the groups between 28th to 35th day of age.
These findings indicate that maternal antibody waned away between second and third week of life. The mean±standard error values of groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H on day 35, were 28.33±8.56, 41.66±12.99, 43.33±11.70, 31.66±13.21, 41.66±12.56, 45.0±14.29, 26.66±11.94 and 26.66±11.94, respectively. The serologic and challenge infection study indicates that the vaccinated birds were immune against IBDV.
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3.
Comparative Reproductive Efficiency Amonth Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm Bron Pure Bred Holstein Friesion And Sahiwal cows
by Shamim | Dr. Naeem Ullah Khan | Dr. Atta ur | Dr. Rashid A Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: The present study aimed at comparative performance of Sahiwal and Holstein Friesian animals under sub-tropical environmental conditions of Pakistan. The breeding records of 152 Sahiwal and 114 Holstein Friesian (90 Imported Holstein Friesian and 24 dauhters of originally imported animals kept at Harichand) cows were studied during 1978-82. An effort was also made to study the influence of some of the environmental factors on the parameters of reproductive traits. The main salient features of some of the economic traits studied are summarised as follows:
1) Imported, Local born Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows matured at 571.16 ÷ 14.13, 689.25 ± 32.74 and 937.27 ± 17.3 days while these heifers calved for the first time at the age of 855.98 ± 15.49, 989.25 + 31.95 and 1354.86 ± 17.72 days, respectively. The data indicate that Imported Holstein Friesian matured at an early age as compared to their daughters and Sahiwal (118-366 days), further Imported heifers calved 134 and 499 days earlier than local born Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows.
2) The number of services requiredpei'' conception was 1.47 + 0.054, 1.32 + 0.09 and 2.50 ± 0.09 for Imported Holstein Friesian, their progenies and Sahiwal. The results revealed that more number of services were required for conception in Sahiwal than the other two groups(1.03 to 1.18).
3) The average service period of Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm-born and Sahiwal were found to be 134.18 ± 16.72, 121.03 ± 12.09 and 153.53 ± 15.22 days which shows 13 and 32 days early conception after parturition in Farm-born than Imported Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows. Calving season has not affected this trait significantly.
4) The gestation length for Imported Holstein Friesian,their daughters and Sahiwal averaged 278.66 ± 1.21, 282.38 ± 2.38 and 287.86 ÷ 0.61 days, respectively. The data indicate that on an average Sahiwal cows carry their calves 9.20 and 5.48 days more than Imported and Farm-born Holstein Friesian. Season - hEd nc significant affect on Gestation length.
5) The overall average length of calving interval was 411.41 ÷ 17.56, 382.71 ÷ 11.52 and 441.05 ÷ 15.7 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their progenies and Sahiwal cows. Minimum and Maximum inter-calving period was observed in Farm born and Sahiwal cows. Maximum calving occured in Winter, Autumn and Spring in Imported, Farm-born and Sahiwal while the minimum calving was observed in Summer and Autumn correspondingly.
6) The average lactation length was 323.91, 310.4 and 274.72 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their daughters and Sahiwal
cows showing 49.19 and 35.68 days shorter duration of Sahiwal than Imported and Farm-born Holstein Friesian,respectively.
7) Milk production of 305 days was 3608.05, 3574.6 and
1727.42 litres respectively. The result revealed that Imported
Holstein Friesian produced significantly more milk than their
contemporary.
8) The dry period averaged 72.51 ÷ 8.76, 81.76 ± 7.15 and
175.35 ÷ 13.61 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their progenies and Sahiwal while post-partum oestrous period was found to
be as 94.42 ± 10.19, 102.39 ± 10.71 and 93.3 ± 7.45 days correspondingly.
9) The sex ratio of males and females was 59.15:40.85, 67.13 : 32.69 and 57:43 in Imported Holstein Friesiañ, Farm-born and Sahiwal, while culling and mortality percentage was 33.33 and 18.88 in Holstein Friesian while the corresponding figures for Sahiwal 43.42 and 1 .13 per cent.
10) The reproductive efficiency of Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm-born and Sahiwal cows averaged 88.83 ± 1.95, 88.56 ± 2.7 and 85.36 ÷ 14.27 percent respectively. The analysis of variance showed non significant difference in the reproductive efficiency of all the three groups.
Although milk production is higher than Sahiwal, however heigh incidence of mastitis and mortality were the major problems in Holstein Friesian. Further Improvement can be made through controlling mortality and mastitis. To import the exotic breeed in N.W.F.P. was the first attempt, so furthrer investigations are required to draw conclusions on the performance of their crosses with non-descriptive cattle breeds in N.W.F.P. under rural conditions.
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