1.
Studies On The Use Of Soybean Oil Meal As A Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Nawaz Saeed, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0074,T] (1).
2.
Linseed Cake As A Protein Source In Broiler Rations
by Sultan Mahmood | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0081,T] (1).
3.
Comparative Blood Chemistry Of Lactating Buffaloes And Cows
by Razia Sultana | Mubasher Ahmed Shah | mubasher | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0092,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Various Extenders On Physio-Morphological Characteristics And Freezability Of Buffalo Bull Semen
by Liaqat Sarfraz | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Saghir Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The most important aspect of spermatozoa preservation in frozen state is the type of extender used. The selection of suitable extender is based on evaluation of fresh, diluted and frozen semen through several parameters.
In this study, buffalo bull, semen, extended in different extenders was evaluated for sperm motility percentage, progressive sperm motility (0-5) Live spermatozoa percentage and total sperm abnormalities percentage. For this purpose semen was collected from four Nili-Ravi Buffalo bulls and evaluated by using various tests for different physical parameters. Semen was extended in ratio of 1:10, using four extenders for freezing namely, Egg-yolk-Tes-Tris, Egg-yolk-citrate-taurine, Lactose-fructose yolkglycerol and Egg-yolk-Egg--yolk"Salts". Sperm concentration was 20 million per dose. One step extension of semen was done. Straw (0.5 ml) were used for packaging and freezing of semen. Freezing was carrid out by holding the straws at a level of 4 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen for seven minutes. Frozen straws were stored in liquid nitrogen less than one hour (0 hour) and for 7 days. The various parameters were observed in fresh semen, after extension, just after freezing and after storage (7 days). Thawing of frozen was done at 37°C for 13 seconds.
Highly-significant difference (P<0.01) was observed in motility percent after dilution, equilibration, post-thaw sperm motility and freezing (0 hr) and storage (7 days). Average post-thaw motility was 43.10 ± 0.31, 40.35 ± 0.24, 38.53 ± 0.13 and 36.09 ± 0.20 in Ey-Test, EY-cit-tau, LFYG and EY-EY"Salts" respectively.
The statistical analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.01) in live- dead spermatozoa percentage, total morphological abnormalities due extender and freezing stages.
The non-significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the progressive sperm motility grades due to stages of freezing and extender.
While considering the results, the extender Ey-Test, EY-cit-tati, LFYG found superior than EY-EY-"Salts" but maintaining high motility percentage of spermatozoa alongwith the minimal alteration of other seminal attributes before and after freezing and it can be used satisfactorily for the preservation of buffalo semen at -196°C.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0233,T] (1).
5.
Effect Of Sodium Hydroxide Treated Rice Straw In Sheep Fattending Rations
by Jafar Pervez Naqvi | Saghir Ahmed jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: An experiment was designed to study the effect of Sodium hydroxide treatment on the nutritive value of rice straw and its effect on growth rate, feed consumption feed efficiency and digestibility when fed to sheep. Sixty four lambs were included in the trial and randomly divided into four groups having four replicates in each group. Four rations A, B, C and D untreated and treated with 2%, 4% and 6% NaOH were prepared and alloted randomly to four groups of lambs. The experiment lasted for 84 days.
There was a significant improvement (P<O.05) in the weight gain and feed efficiency of lambs fed ration containing rice straw treated with 6% NaOH as compared with lambs fed ration containing untreated rice straw. Significant difference (P<O.05) in feed consumption were also observed between the lambs fed treated and untreated rice straw. The lambs fed ration containing untreated straw consumed significantly (P<O.OS) less feed than the lambs fed ration containing rice straw treated with 4%, & 6% NaOH. The digestibility trial revealed that the lambs fed ration containing rice straw treated with 2%, 4% and 6% NaOH had significantly higher (P<O.05) values of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and nitrogen free extract than the lambs fed ration containing untreated rice straw. However, non-significant difference (P<O.05) in digestibility were observed between the lambs fed rations treated with sodium hydroxide at different levels.
The study indicated that nutritive value of rice straw was improved by the treatment of sodium hydroxide at a significant level(P>0.05) for fattening the animals. Treatment with 6% Sodium hydroxide was proved significantly better (P>0.05) as lambs fed ration D containing rice straw treated with 6% NaOH gained more weight showed better feed efficiency and digestibility.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0264,T] (1).
6.
Studies On The Chick Growth Inhibition Of Rapeseed Meal
by Zaboor Khan, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Rapeseed meal is one of the by-products of the oil industry obtained after the extraction of oil, generally by expeller method. The meal i. a good source of vegetable protein which could be incorporated in different poultry feeds. The use of rapeseed meal as a vegetable protein source in poultry feeds is limited due to its growth inhabitary effects. The meal contains a sulfur containing glucoside called 'Goitrin' which during digestion by an endogenous enzyme, 'myrosinase'is hydrolyzed to volatile, 'isothiocyanate', an antinutritional factor for poultry.
The present study was designed to determine the effect of growth-inhabiting factor in indigenous rapeseed meal on the growing chicks and to improve its nutritive value for poultry feeding, through different mechanical and chemical treatments like solvent extraction, autoclaving, water treatment and ferrous sulphate treatment.
For this purpose two experiments were designed. In both the experiments day old 'Indian Rivers" broiler chicks were used as experimental animals. In the first experiment effect of feeding different levels of rapeseed meal on the growth rate, feed consumption and feed utilization of the chicks were determined. Effects of rapeseed meal on the internal organs, dressed weight and dressing percentage of the chicks were also studied.
Feeding different levels of untreated rapeseed meal in lieu of soybean meal in 1st experiment showed non-significant differences in weight gain, feed utilization, dressed weight, dressing percentage and weights of internal organs amongst the groups and replicates except the thyroid gland. This might be on account of the lower content of 'Allyl-isothiocyanate the antinutritional factor present in the indigenous rapeseed meal. However, there was a slight depression in the growth rate of the chicks fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meal.
It was observed that feeding of rapeseed meal at more than JLO% of the ration significantly increased (P/O.OJ) the weight of thyroid glands. There was almost a proportionate increase in the weight of thyroid glands of the chicks fed rations with increasing levels of rapeseeed meal.
The second experiment was designed to study the effect of different mechanical and chemical treatments on the nutritive value of rapeseed meal. For this purpose, 'apeseed meal after autoclaving, solvent extraction, water and ferrous sulphate treatments was incorporated at 20% level in the experimental rations.
The treatments of the meal did not improve the weight gains, feed utilization and dressed weight of the chicks as compared with untreated rapeseed meal. This might be due to the reason that the indigenous rapeseed meal contained a lower level of glucosinolate, the antinutritional factor responsible for growth inhabition in chicks and thus the effect of different treatments to reduce the level of the glucosinolate of the meal was not significant. There was, rather more depression in growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks fed rations containing water treated rapeseed meal. This might be attributed to the formation of more toxic compounds during the microbial fermentation in water treatment of the meal.
Conclusion
Results of the experiments indicated almost a proportionate decrease in the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meal. However, there was no significant difference in the weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks, fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meals.
There was no effect of different mechanical or chemical treatments of rapeseed meal on its nutritive value except water treatment, which, rather produced adverse effects on the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks. This might be due to the fact that the indigenous meal contained a lower level of 'Allyl-isothiocyanate' the antinutritional factor responsible for growth inhabition of the chicks.
Recommendations
Based on the results of the present study it is recommended that rapeseed meal upto a level of 10% could be incorporated in broiler rations without impairing the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0273,T] (1).
7.
Comparision Of Mineral Profile In Lactating And Non-Lactating Nilli-Ravi Buffalo
by Mohammad Akram | Prof. Dr. Saghir Ahmed Jafri | Dr. Muhammad Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Rashid | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Nih Ravi is the well established breed of buffalo in Punjab. There are about 140 million buffaloes in the World out of which the largest buffalo population is in India, China and Pakistan. It is a multipurpose animal and fulfils milk and meat demand of mankind. In Pakistan it contributes about 74% of total milk yield. The annual rate of increase in buffalo population is 2.5% and increase in milk production is 3.5% in India and Pakistan. To fulfil the increasing demand of milk and meat, there is an immense need to improve the health status and production potentials of dairy animals. This can he achieved only if we are abreast with physiological norms, the disturbance of which lowers productivity. There are numerous problems of health, reproduction and milk production of Nih Ravi buffalo. Despite this very little information is available on blood chemistry of buffalo belonging to different agro-clirnatic conditions. There are various factors which play important role in their rate of production and minerals are one of those factors. Imbalances of minerals, produces deterimental effect on the performance of livestock e.g. Mineral imbalances lead to syndromes manifested in form of retarded growth, low production, late maturity, wasting disease, non infectious abortion, infertility, silent heat, retained placenta, dystokia and prolapse of vagina and uterus. To cope with the situation more research is required on the subject to locate the extent of mineral imbalances. The conclusive results will produce direct or indirect effect on the production and reproductive performance of livestock. The study is therefore planned to find out the serum mineral profile of lactating and non lactating buffaloes from different areas of Punjab and the effect of stage and number of lactation on mineral profile and to find the correlation of serum mineral profile with prolapse of vagina and uterus.
To determine the mineral profile in lactating and non lactating Nih Ravi buffaloes 200 blood samples were collected from Okara, Jhelum and Lahore/Sheikhupura. The serum was separated from blood by centrifugation. Serum was analyzed for sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron on spectrophotometer. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis by using analysis of variance and the differences in means were tested by using (L.S.D. test) least significant diference test.
The mean values of serum mineral in lactating and non lactating buffaloes on overall basis were subjected to statistical analysis and found non significant differences. However serum magnesium levels were found to be significant in lactating and non lactating buffaloes.
The means values of serum minerals in buffaloes of various districts were subjected to statistical analysis by using analysis of variance and L.S.D. test and significant differences were found between districts (P <0.05) for sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron, while non significant differences were found for calcium and chloride (P>0.05).
The mean values of serum mineral in lactating and non lactating buffaloes on the basis of lactation number were subjected to analysis of variance and L.S.D. test and found non significant differences for serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and iron, while serum phosphorus showed singificant differences on the basis of lactation numbers and stage of lactations.
The differences in the mean values of serum sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and phosphorus were found to be significant. While calcium and iron showed non significant differences within distircts.
The serum sodium showed deficiency in Lahore/Sheikhupura district while serum potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and iron values were found in normal range in all districts. However serum phosphorus level were slightly higher in buffaloes of all the districts.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1131,T] (1).
