1.
Comparison Of Indirect Haemagglutination (Ish) And Mouse Protection Test For Measuring Immunity
by Afzal, M | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Muhammed | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0161,T] (1).
2.
A Study Of Intestinal Nematodes With Taxonomy Of The Species Of Genus Trichostrongylus In Sheep In District Bahawalpur
by Afzal, M | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Asiif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Study of intestinal nernatodes with taxonomy of the species of genus Trichostmngyjs in sheep in district Bahawalpur was conducted. For this purpose two hundred guts of' sheep were collected from Bahawalpur Abattoir aid adjacent areas of' Cholistan. The study was conducted from January, 1992 to April, 1 992. The parasites were recovered by sedimentation and Sieving method performed at Divisional Diagnostic Laboratory l3ahawalpur. Parasites were identified directly under microscope by preparing lwrmancllt mounts in the Parasitology Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. The overall incidences of gastro- intestinal nematodes was 63% in sheep.
The species of nematodes observed during the study were:
Oesophagostomum venulosum 62%
Oesophagostomum clumbianum 52%
Trichuris ovis 38.5%
Trichuris globulosa 24%
Nematodirus spathiger : 25%
Haemonochus contortus: 14%
Trichostrongylus colubriformis: 24%
Trichostrongylus axei: 13.5%
Monthwise prevalence of nematodes infection was also carried out and it was observed that the highest infection rate was 84% during the months of April and 68% during the month of March. In February the infection was 56%. The lowest incidence was recorded as 44% during the month of January. The taxonomy of the species of genus lrichostrongyjis was studied. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus axei
Species were identified.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0299,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Different Egg Yolk Levels On The Quality Of Frozen Buffalo Bull Semen
by Afzal, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The comparative study of various egg yolk levels in the extenders used for deep freezing of buffalo semen was conducted at Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad (Sahiwal). The routinely used Lactose-Fructose-Glycerol semen extender was added with 20, 15, 10, 5 and 0% egg yolk concentration in five experimental extenders. 50 ejaculates collected from 10 buffalo bulls were frozen in Liquid Nitrogen. Each semen sample from all bulls and egg yolk levels was evaluated for post-thaw sperm motility, livability and absolute index of livability.
The average values obtained from egg yolk levels and bulls for all test parameters were found statistically high (P < 0.01) at 10 percent egg yolk level as compared to all others. The order of merit for post-thaw motility, livability and the absolute index of livability at 10, 20, 15, 5 and 0% egg yolk level was 45.9%, 43.5%, 42.9%, 33.7% and 8.7% for motility, 9.8, 9.34, 9.3, 7.68 and 2.75 (Hours) for livability and 231.6, 207.95, 204.85, 123.25 and 13.85 for livability index, respectively.
The comparative mean values obtained from each bull were observed non-significant for post-thaw sperm motility but were found significantly higher (P < 0.05) among bulls regarding livability and the absolute index of livability.
On the basis of the results obtained in the present study it may be concluded that due to synergestic effect between glycerol and the presence of 10% concentration of egg yolk in the extender, being comparatively more economical, exhibiting better visibility and on account of high values obtained from motility, livability and absolute index of livability, an extender containing 10% egg yolk level is recommended for the preservation and deep freezing of buffalo bull semen in Liquid Nitrogen for obtaining optimal semen quality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0322,T] (1).
4.
Taxonomuy And Prevalence Of Eimeria Species Infecting Young Buffalo And Cattle Calves And Their Effect On Various
by Afzal, M | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This study was contemplated to evaluate some aspects of prevalent species including taxonomy of Eimeria infection& in young cattle and buffalo calves. In addition the effects of Eimeria infections on various haematological parameters i.e., Haemoglobin, PCV, RBC count, ESR and Differential leucocyte count were also studied. For this purpose the animals (Buffalo and Cattle calves) were divided into two groups. Firstly those having diarrhoea and secondly those which were apparently healthy. The buffalo and cattle calves were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) on the basis of the age in days under the maximum age of 120 days. A group ranged from 1-30 days, B ranged 31- 60 days, C ranged 61-90 and D ranged 91-120 days. The haematological observations were recorded from both the groups formulated upon the basis of age as A, B, C and D in both cattle and buffalo calves and findings compared with the control groups A, B, C and D having the same age range.
Results revealed that out of 816 animals (442 cattle and 374 buffalo calves), 167 (84 cattle and 83 buffalo calves) were found to be positive (20.46%) for Eimeria species infection. Whereas 62 out of 250 (24.80%) suffering from diarrhoea and 22 out of 192 (11%) apparently healthy cattle calves showed coccidial infections. For buffaloes 63 out of 220 cases (29%) were positive from animals showing diarrhoea and 20 out of 154 (13%) were found positive for coccidiosis from apparently healthy group. Four species of Eimeria namely, Eimeria zuernii, Elmerip bovis, Eimeria cylindrica and Eimeria ellipsoidalis were found in the above mentioned ca1ves
E. zuernhi was the most prevalent species found (48%) followed by . bovis (27%), Eimeria cvlindrica (16%) and Eimeria ellipsoidalis (10%) respectively. OPG count carried out ranged from 2500-70,000 oocyst per gram of faeces.
Haematological observations showed anaemia, which was a feature of the diarrhoeic calves and not found in apparently healthy animals although some of them had been harbouring Eimeria infection. The PCV decreased proportionately with haemoglobin whereas erythrocyte count also showed decrease in positive cases. On the other hand ESR of the above referred calves increased. There was neutrophilia in the infected animals versus control animals and lymphocytes decreased in infected animals. There was no significant change in eosinophil and monocyte counts.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0511,T] (1).
5.
Effect Of Maternal Antibodies On Antigenic Response Of Broiler Birds To Infectious Bursal Disease (228-E strain) Virus Vaccine
by Sajid Afzal, M | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Atta-ur Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effect of maternal antibodies on the antigenic response of birds to infectious bursal disease virus (288-E strain) vaccine and to study the duration of maternal antibody against IBDV in broiler. A total of one hundred forty chicks were randomly divided into eight groups i.e. A, B, C, 1), E, F, G and H. All the birds in groups A, B, C, U, E and F were vaccinated against IBDV. The birds in groups 0 and H were unvaccinated controls. However, the groups were IBDV vaccinated according to different schedules.
The presence of IBDV maternal antibodies was tested through agar gel precipitation test, and the maternal antibodies to IBDV were observable upto day 14 of the life of chicks.
All the IBDV vaccinated birds exhibited immune response to the vaccine and their response was detectable through AGPT. Antibodies were detectable on 7th day post vaccination and the responses increased upto 14th day post vaccination. The antibody titres were at peak in all the groups between 28th to 35th day of age.
These findings indicate that maternal antibody waned away between second and third week of life. The mean±standard error values of groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H on day 35, were 28.33±8.56, 41.66±12.99, 43.33±11.70, 31.66±13.21, 41.66±12.56, 45.0±14.29, 26.66±11.94 and 26.66±11.94, respectively. The serologic and challenge infection study indicates that the vaccinated birds were immune against IBDV.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0515,T] (1).
6.
A Study On The Effect Of Doxin On The Immune System And Its Toxicity In Broiler Chickens
by Afzal, M | Dr. Shakil akhtar Khan | Dr. Khlid Muneer | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The project was designed to study the effect of Doxin on the 1.txuxuine system and if any, its toxicity (in normal and excessive doses) in broiler chickens. A total number of' 150 day old broJer chicks were randomly divided into six equal groups, A through F, each containing 25 birds. Group A arid B were kept as control i.e. A was non-medicated (Doxin) and vaccinated against ND while B was non-medicated (Doxin) and non vaccinated against ND. Groups C and E were medicated I)oxin at different levels (0.5gm/I and 4 gm/I) at 1st to 5th day and 22nd to 26th day respectively. Both groups were vaccinated against ND. Groups D and F were medicated Doxin at different levels (0.5gm/i and 4 gm/i) at 1st to 5th day and 22nd to 26th day respectively, both groups were non vaccinated against ND. The experimental period was 42 days. Organ body weight indices, gross lesions on liver, spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius and kidneys, determination ol immune response against Newcastle disease, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, alkaline phosphatase, alanine amino transferase, aspaitate amino transferase, uric acid and urea levels were conducted.
The statistical analysis of organ body weight index for liver showed significant difference between the medicated and nonmedicated (control) groups. The highest. liver body weight index was achieved in the birds of group E. The organ body weight indices of spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius are quite irregular. The data obtained by the the analysis of serum statistically indicated that the mean levels of serum total protein and albumin of control and medicated groups were not significantly different from each other. The mean levels of Globulin, A/G ratio of vaccinated and non- vaccinated groups carry statistical significant difference. There was no significant difference in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and asparate amino transferase (AST) levels of all medicated and non-medicated groups. The mean levels of urea and uric acid were increased in the medicated groups, highest in the high dose medication. The data obtained by the analysis of antibody titre against Newcastle disease on 0, 14th, 28th and 42nd day of experiment showed that geometric mean HI titres of all medicated groups decreased that of control groups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0532,T] (1).
7.
Morphological Abnormalities In The Spermatozoa Of Cross Bred Cow Bulls During Summer Season
by Afzal, M | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr. Imriaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In this study twelve normally producing breeding bulls three of each Sahiwal and Friesian breeds and six bulls of 50% Cross-bred were selected. The mean volume of ejaculates were 4.87, 4.22 and 5.95m1 in Sahiwal, Friesian and Cross-bred, respectively. There is no significant difference among the volume of breeds during the months May, June and July. The semen concentration were 637.369, 606.554 and 312.806 million per ml in Sahiwal, Friesian and Cross-bred. However, the concentration of spermatozoa in Cross-bred were significantly lower (P<0.01) as compared to Sahiwal and Friesian bulls.
The overall average values for head abnormalities percentage were significantly lower (P <0.01) in Sahiwal vs Friesian and Crossbred (2.65 vs 7.20 and 8.90%) respectively during summer season.
The neck abnormalities percentage were significantly lower (P<0.01) in Sahiwal vs Friesian and Cross-bred 1.13 vs 3.52 and 5.59% respectively during summer season. Similarly the values of mid piece abnormalities percentage were significant higher in Cross bred vs Sahiwal and Friesian (2.04 vs 0.60 and 1.83%) respectively during summer season. The same results pertaining to protoplasmic droplets and tail abnormalities were obtained.
The overall average abnormalities percentage in spermatozoa of Sahiwal breed were significantly lower vs Friesian and Cross-bred (8.64 vs 21.32 and 27.67%) respectively during summer season. These results indicated that Exotic breed (Friesian) as well as Cross-bred have poor adaptability against the stress of the high temperature during summer season, so they produce lower quality semen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0549,T] (1).
8.
Study On The Prevalence Of Genus Trypanosoma And Effects Of Natural Infection On Various Blood Parameters In Dogs
by Afzal, M | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. M. sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of genus trypanosome and the effects of natural infection on some blood parameters in dogs.
For this purpose blood samples of 500 pet dogs (250 adult dogs and 250 pups) were examined at Dog Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. Giemsa staining procedure was admpted to stain glass slides having blood smears made from blood samples.
Out of 500 ogs, 30 dog were found positive for tryponosomiasis. It revealed that only 6% prevalence of trypanosomiasis in dogs was estimated. In case of adult dogs out of 250 dogs, 13 dogs (5.2%) and in pups out of 250 dogs, 17 dog (6.2%) were found trypanosome infected. So pups were found more susceptible as compared to adult dogs. During research it was also noticed that mot of the dogs which were found positive being kept with horses.
Then blood samples of 10 adult dogs and pups each which wre positive for trypanosomiasis and 10 adult dogs and pups each which were healty (as control) were further examined for the estimation of haemoglobin paced cell volum, erythrocytes sedimentation rate and total serum protein to check the effects of natural infection on mentioned blood parameters.
The blood parameters of trypanosome infected and healthy adult dogs were compared and similarly blood parameters of trypanosome infected and healthy pups were compared. For this comparison unpaired 't' test was applied. By calculation it was found that haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total serum protein of trypanosome infected adult dogs and pups were significantly decreased as compared to healthy adult dogs and pups, respectively. But the erythrocytes sedimentation rate was found significlantly increased in case of trypanosome infected adult dogs and pups as compared to healty, adult dogs and pups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0564,T] (1).
9.
Biocontrol Of Caecal Coccidiosis In Broilers
by Nadeem Afzal, M | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Nisar Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The present study was designed to estimate the efficacy of two types of monovalent . tenella vaccines i.e. Formalin treated . tenella oocysts for 48 (FEV-48) and/or 96 (FEV-96) hours and irradiated . tenella vaccine. For estimation of the efficacy of the said vaccines, OPG counts weight gain, FCR and mortality records were compared amongst the control and test groups.
A total of 105 day-old broilers were equally divided into 5 different groups namely; A, B, C, D and E on day 3, each group comprising of 21 chicks. NDV vaccine was administered on day land 21 of age of chicks of all the groups. Group A acted as non-infected control, B as infected control, C was vaccinated with FEV-48, D was vaccinated with FEV-96 and E was vaccinated with 1EV on day 3 and 10 of age. Spread of contaminated faeces over the bedding with . tenella oocysts was commenced on day 12 upto day 17 of age of chicks. The OPG counts were conducted on each 4th day from day 18th to 52.
The results indicated that the first observation of OPG counts (day-18) showed heavy infection in all the control (infected) and test groups. In group B, 222200 oocysts were observed on day 18 which gradually reduced to 5300 on day 50 followed by zero on day 52. Group C (FEV-48) showed 131400 OPG counts, which sharply declined on each observation and showed 100 OPG on day 38 followed by '0' afterwards and showing significant differences from the control (P < 0.05). Group D showed gradual decline like infected control upto day 34, but ironically on days 38 and 42, 196.3% and 376.4% increase was noted, respectively as compared to group B, which again declined by day 50 with significant difference. In group E the first observation showed 119460. OPG counts which abruptly declined to 75 on day 38 followed by '0' on day 42. Groups C and E showed comparable results.
Weight gains were almost equal in all the test and control groups by day 14. The difference appeared on third observation between infected control and other groups. At the end of the experiment members of groups A, C, D and E gained 31%, 14%, 11.83% and 10.92% greater weights than group B. The FCR in ranked order was shown as A, C, E, D and B, showing the efficacy of FEV-48. Mortalities occurred in groups B, C, D and E as 4 (19%), 2 (9.5%), 1 (4.76%) and 3 (14.28%), respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0719,T] (1).
10.
Goat Production in SAARC Countries
by Afzal, M.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Pakistan: PARC, Pakistan; 2003Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089 Afzal 15824 1st 2003 Sheep&Goat] (1).
