1.
Detection of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) Gene Polymorphism in Native Aseel, Desi and Naked Neck Chicken Breeds in Pakistan.
by Asad Ali | Prof. Dr. Khalid Javed | Dr. Afzal Ali | Prof. Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Growth traits in chicken production system have an important role. Molecular analysis is an easier mean to identify desirable genotypes for growth. Candidate gene (s) for growth trait like insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has imperative function for growth, body composition, metabolic and skeletal traits. The polymorphism of Insulin-like growth factor-1 was detected in native Aseel, Desi and Naked Neck chicken breeds of Pakistan. Fifty, fifty birds of Aseel and Naked Neck breed were selected from Indigenous chicken genetic resource center, Department of Poultry Production, UVAS, Lahore, Ravi Campus. While Desi birds were procured from conventional production farm for genetic analysis. Insulin-like growth factor-1 plays very important role in the cell growth, cell differentiation, food intake of cells and have role in overall body growth, this is why it is being used as a marker to study traits like growth. The polymorphism of IGF-I gene was detected by PCR-RFLP-Pst-Iand this revealed two alleles A (364 and 257 bp), B (621 bp),and three genotypes AA, AB, BB.Genotypic data was analyzed with the help of Pop-gene 1.32 software to calculate genotypic and allelic frequencies. GenotypeAB had the highest frequency in all three native breeds. Genotypic frequency of AA, AB and BB in Aseel was 20, 66 and 14% and in Desi it was 12, 64 and 24 % respectively. While in Naked Neck genotypic frequencies of AA, AB and BB were 18, 60 and 22 %. The highest frequency of allele A (0.53) was found in Aseel while highest frequency of Allele B (0.56) was found in Desi. Genotypic frequency of heterozygotes was highest in all three native breeds i.e. 66, 64 and 60 % in Aseel, Desi and Naked Neck respectively. As the frequency of heterozygotes is significantly higher in all three breeds, so all these native breeds have potential to improve through selection.Furtherstudies are needed to link these polymorphisms with performance traits and then using
that information in future breeding plans for high producing individuals would be very helpful for animal breeder in marker assisted selection (MAS). As Aseel carried highest frequency of allele A so, it can be reared for selective breeding program especially for meat type line development in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1637,T] (1).
2.
Isolation And Characterization Of Multidrug Resistant E. Coli From Urinary Tract Infections In A Tertiary Care
by Sumera Sabir | Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Dr | Dr. Muhammad Asad Ali.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Bacterial etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) admitted in or visiting a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan was determined by conventional biochemical profile. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) of Escherichia coli, the most prevalent bacteria, was checked. Overall bacterial prevalence recorded was 80.4 percent, being highest in patients of intensive care unit (93%) followed by urology ward (87%), north surgical ward (85%), east medical ward (70%) and OPD (67%). Infection rate was higher in female (87.5%) than male (71.3%) and almost same in pregnant (86%)/non-pregnant (88%) female patients. Highest percent UTIs observed were in patients of 51-75 years of age. Percent infection recorded in catheterized patients (70.8%) was lower than non-catheterized (83%) and little higher in Diabetics (82%).
Out of biochemically identified bacterial isolates (n=402), highest number was of E. coli 321 (80%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 38 (9.4%), Proteus species 22 (5.4%) and Pseudomonas species 21 (5.2%). Almost same pattern of isolation was observed among patients of different wards. On statistical analysis significantly higher number of E. coli was observed among isolates from patients of five wards included in study plan. Out of bacterial isolates from male (n=157) and female (n=245) patients highest prevalence was of E. coli (79% and 80%). Out of total bacterial isolates from female patients (n=245), number of was E. coli at the highest rank 90 (79.6%), in pregnant.
Among different age groups highest prevalence was of E. coli and lowest of Pseudomonas species. Out of 120 tested urine samples collected from catheterized patients bacterial growth was observed in 85. On bacterial identification by conventional biochemical characterization highest prevalence was of E. coli (56.4%). Out of pure bacterial cultures (n=70) from Diabetic patients highest number identified was of E. coli 54 (77.1%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 8 (11.4%), Proteus 2 (2.8%) and 6 (8.57%) were Pseudomonas species.
According to Antibiotic sensitivity testing results E. coli showed highest resistance to penicillin/amoxicillin (100%) followed by cefotaxime (89.7%), ceftazidime (73.8%), Cephradin (73.8%), tetracycline (69.4%), doxycycline (66.6%), augmentin (62.6%), gentamycin (59.8%), cefuroxime (58.2%), ciprofloxacin (54.2%), Cefaclor (50%), Aztreonam (44.8%), ceftriaxone (43.3%), imipenem (43.3%), streptomycin (30%), kanamycin (19.9%), Tazocin (14%), Amikacin (12.7%) and lowest to norfloxacin (11.2%). Out of 321 E. coli 261 (81%) were declared MDR being resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Most of the urinary tract infections in human beings are caused by E. coli which show resistance to multiple antibiotics.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1687,T] (1).
3.
Evaluation Of Probiotic Potential Of Locally Characterized Lactobacillus Spp. In Broiler
by Saima asghar | Dr.Muhammad Nawaz | Mr. Muhammad Asad ali | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1931,T] (1).
4.
Role Of Aqueous Extracts From Zingiber Officinalis (Ginger) And Allium Sativum (Garlic) On Pathogenicity Of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 on Chicken Embryoes
by Amir Rasool | Dr. Muti ur Rehman Khan | Mr. Muhammad | Mr. Muhammad Asad Ali.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2127,T] (1).
5.
Isolation, Molecular Identification And Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Of Salmonella Enterica From Fancy Birds
by Aqeela Kousar (2010-VA-303) | Mr. Muhammad Asad Ali | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmed Anjum | Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Salmonellosis is a disease with serious health issues related to food borne illness and
most of world’s population is suffering from it. Early diagnosis in case is very important for
treatment of disease. Salmonellosis may hidden as a carrier state, acts as zoonotic components
for transmission of disease. Therefore the test with more diagnostic value needs to be developed
like Polymerase chain reaction after culturing and microbiological examination.Salmonella
enterica infections continue to pose a significant risk for poultry industry and fancy birds.
Salmonella infections have been controlled by antibiotics but in recent times antibiotic resistance
in microorganisms especially in Salmonella is a global health issue. Antibiotic resistant
Salmonella has further compounded the problem. Poultry isolate of Salmonella enterica (n=150)
were procured from Jallo park, Safari park and household pets which are taken to Pet Centre
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore then brought to Department of
microbiology UVAS Lahore and identified by biochemical testing, morphology, staining
characters and genus specific PCR. Antibiotic Susceptibility was checked by disc diffusion
method against amoxicillin (30μg), ampicillin (10μg), cefixime (5μg), , ceftazidime (30μg),
ceftriaxone (30μg), ciprofloxacin (5μg), gentamicin (10μg), nalidixic acid and tetracycline
(30μg) and resistant pattern was 100 % in ampicillin and tetracycline and 41.18% and 58.82% %
in gentamicin and ciprofloxacin respectively while antibiotic show 0% resistance. Fancy birds
are carriers of drug resistant Salmonellae.
A total of 150 samples collected from Zoo Lahore, safari park and household pet fancy
birds each of n=50. Samples will enriched by non-selective and selective media, After isolation
on selective media macroscopic, biochemical analysis and microscopic examination done. DNA
Summary
53
extracted from culture isolated from cloacal swabs and polymerase chain reaction performed
using primers. Amplication will be observed using Agarose gel electrophoresis.
Research highlighted the prevalence of Salmonella in fancy birds and its possibility of
transmission to human beings. Research also provided data on antibiotic resistance in
Salmonellae from fancy birds and its possible role in ever increasing problem of antibiotic
resistance. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2615-T] (1).
6.
Molecularcharacterization And Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Of Pathogenic Eschericia Coli From Fancy Birds
by Nageen sardar (2011-va-401) | Dr. Muhammad Asad Ali | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmed Anjum | Dr.WaseemShehzad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Colibacilosis is a disease which is really harmful as food borne illness and many population of earth has been suffering from it. If we do early diagnosis then it would be easy to identify the disease. E. coli is an opportunistic bacteria and it can easily cause disease in favorable conditions and may also act as zoonotic issue. So the persons having birds as pets in their houses should consider for the diagnosis. So, for this purpose the more accurate tests like polymerase chain reaction should be present. E. coli can cause serious risks for poultry industry and fancy birds.
Colibacillosis is caused by Escherichia coli with serious threats related to food borne illness and most of world’s population is suffering from it. Fancy birds are kept in homes as pets, zoo and safari parks for entertainment of visitors. Fancy birds may be source of transmission of pathogenic E. coli to human beings.
150 cloacal samples were taken and the process of isolation, identification, antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular characterization was done for pathogenic E. coli.
150 samples from which 50 samples were from Pet Center University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 50 samples were from Lahore Jalo Park and 50 samples were from Safari Park Lahore. Samples were shifted to enrichment media and then selective and differential media. After isolation microscopic characters was observed and biochemical identification was performed.
Pathogenic isolates were collected and antibiotic resistance pattern was observed. After this DNA extraction was done, extracted DNA was observed on gel electrophoresis and then PCR was performed for toxigenic genes of E. coli.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2824-T] (1).
7.
Study On Sero Prevalance Of Hepatitis C For Predisposition Of Diabetes In Pregnant Women From Low Economic Status Famlies
by Waseela ashraf (2015-VA-445) | Dr.Muhammad Hassan mushtaq | Mr.Ubaid ur rehman zia | Mr.Muhammad asad ali.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: This cross sectional study is design to rule out the effect of seroprevalence of HCV infection in causing diabetes in pregnant women and also in aim of identifying potential risk factors associated with HCV infection cause in pregnant women. A total of 550 pregnant women were participated in this study.We made two groups of pregnant women to rule out the association between seroprevalence of HCV and diabetes. One group consisted of 275 women who were anti- HCV negative and second group consisted of 275 women who were anti-HCV positive.
A blood sample was drawnin a gel vial for testing of anti HCV and a fluoride oxalate vial was used to draw blood for random plasma glucose levels testing among pregnant women.
ELISA was performed to confirm the seroprevalence of HCV infection and diabetes status was confirmed by testing blood glucose levels in pregnant women by hexokinase method. Data was gathered and analyzed on SPSS version 20.0 software. A Chi square test was used to know the relationship between diabetes and anti HCV. This test was also used to find outlink between anti HCV and other variables collected.
Most of the women in both groups did not know about their diabetic status. HCV positive group was presented with strong family history of diabetes. From the data it was suggested that possible risk factors for causing HCV infection among pregnant women were surgical procedure, blood transfusion and history of syringe use. Ear/nose piercing, history of dental, dilatation and curettage procedure and accidents were statistically not significantly associated in causing HCV infection. It was also found that number of abortions were high in HCV infected group (p-value=0.046).
No association was found between seroprevalence of HCV infection and diabetes among pregnant women (p value= 0.96). Therefore our hypothesis is rejected on the basis of this study results.
The most frequent age group was 18-27years of women found for pregnancy. Therefore in this age group our study results found that HCV infection prevalence was high. This group was found to be very prone in catching viral infection. S/CO ratios were also found to be too high in this age group due to the fact thatin this age groupHCV infection prevalence was high.
Also there is a strong association of blood pressure and HCV infection. Blood pressure found to be varying in HCV infected group.
Recommendations for further Research
According to several studies there was a strong true association between hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes. But our study results were not correlated. It may be due to the lack of confirmatory tests for both diseases which we did not perform.Following recommendations are offered for related research.
1. ELISA is commonly used as initial screening method for HCV antibody in serum. This method does not differentiate between acute, active or resolved infection. In this study we usedELISA for presence of antibody in serum but presence of antibody in serum is not a confirmation of active viremia in patient. The active viremia further can only be confirmed by PCR. It also tells us the true presence of virus in infected patient.So PCR is the confirmatory test of hepatitis C virus infection and it should be used for diagnosis and true presence of virus in body.
2. Random plasma glucose is a screening method for predicting gestational diabetes. Further confirmatory tests are required for diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Confirmatory test for diagnosis of gestational diabetes is oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
3. Age and body mass index are confounders in relating the association of diabetes and hepatitis C infection. High BMI and older age are risk factor in causing diabetes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2865-T] (1).
8.
Nephroprotective Effect Of Nifedipine Against Lead Toxicity In Mice
by Muhammad Mazhar Munir (2010-VA-179) | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer | Dr. Qamar Niaz | Dr. Muhammad Asad Ali.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: This study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of nifedipine against lead toxicity in mice. Exposure to lead can induce kidney damage, which is related to induction of oxidative damage and disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Twenty mice, weighing 20.0 ±2.0 g were selected for the experiment. Twenty mice were divided randomly into four groups having five mice in every group as follows: control, lead, low-dose nifedipine and high-dose nifedipine. Mice of the low- dose and high-dose nifedipine groups were given nifedipine perorally at 10 and 20 mg/Kg/day, respectively. While the mice of the lead and control groups were administrated perorally with isovolumic saline. The mice of the low-dose nifedipine, high-dose nifedipine and lead groups were injected intraperitoneally with lead acetate 40 mg/Kg/day after treatment with nifedipine. Mice in the control group were injected intraperitoneally with isovolumic saline. The whole treatment period remains for ten days. The nephroprotective effect of Nifedipine was assessed by a decrease in histological damage to the kidneys and the concentration of lead in kidney homogenate. Moreover, the levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in the serum were also determined.
Data was examined as mean ± SEM (standard error mean). Data was statistically analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05.
The current study showed reduction in the concentration of lead in kidney homogenate in nifedipine treated groups compared to control positive. The lead concentration in kidney homogenate was less in the control negative group than control positive group. The level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen was remarkably increased in the control positive group as compared to the control negative group. Moreover the treatment with nifedipine decreased the levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in serum. Histopathological study of the kidney tissue also showed that nifedipine could improve the lead induced injury in mice
It was concluded from this experiment that nifedipine has potential to minimize the lead induced nephrotoxicity in mice, as indicated by the lead concentration in kidney homogenate, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels and histopathological examination.
It is, therefore recommended that nifedipine can further be investigated for nephroprotective effects against heavy metal toxicities in other animal species including livestock.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2863-T] (1).
9.
Use Of Activated Carbon Prepared From Agricultural Wastes For The Adsorption Of Azo Dye.
by Qaisera Parveen (2011-VA-378) | DR.Rahat Naseer | Dr.Saeed Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad Asad Ali.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Dyes are the visible pollutants of water and have toxicological and carcinogenic effects. So, dyes should be removed from aqueous solutions/industrial effluents. Many techniques are used for dyes removal from industrial wastewater discharge. From economical point of view, by the use of low cost adsorbents, basic dyes were removed from aqueous solution. For this purpose, adsorbents easily available were used to prepare activated carbon by physical and chemical treatment. Low cost adsorbents were prepared from Agricultural waste materials like sugarcane bagasse and sawdust for the adsorption of Azo dyes.
Agricultural wastes were treated by physical and chemical means for preparation of activated carbon. Characterizations of adsorbents were done by FTIR and SEM. FTIR micrographs showed that the different functional groups present on fibrous materials are responsible for adsorbing the MB. SEM showed the surface morphology. The effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature was studied in batch experiment. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm was verified. Adsorption kinetic studies were done at regular time intervals using fixed amount of adsorbents. Equilibrium isotherms were studied by adding different adsorbent doses at 150rpm to attain equilibrium. Effect of pH was studied after balancing pH of the dye containing solution and analyzing the remaining dye in solution for equilibrium contact time. Effects of different parameters were evaluated and statistical analysis was applied to explore the most efficient adsorbent for methylene blue removal. as an adsorbent for Azo dye removal from wastewater without causing detrimental effects on environment. Since sugarcane bagasse and sawdust, an agriculture solid waste, used in the study, easily available, the adsorption process is expected to be economically implemented for wastewater treatment Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2854-T] (1).
10.
Spatial Ecology And Distribution Of Soil Borne Burkholderia Mallei In Punjab, Pakistan
by Muhammad Asad Ali (2002-VA-73) | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof. Dr. Mansur-Ud-Din Ahmad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Burkholderia mallei is a causative agent of glanders, the disease of equines. The disease is characterized by pulmonary, nasal and cutaneous forms. B. mallei is excreted through nasal discharge, lacerated skin/wounds and expiration. Diseased animals shed bacteria through the discharges contaminating soil, water, fodder and other susceptible animals in its vicinity. The present study was designed to map and investigate the association of different physical factors and soil chemistry analytes with persistence of B. mallei genome in soil of 10% percent villages (n=456) from eight selected districts of Punjab province, Pakistan.
Eleven (0.48%) out of 2, 280 soil samples were positive for B. mallei genome in varied locations of Punjab. Higher prevalence (2.37%) for genome was detected in Sheikhupura district followed by Chakwal district (2.10%). None of the samples from Gujranwala, Sahiwal, DG Khan, Attock, Faisalabad and Sargodha districts were found positive for B. mallei genome. The genome of B. mallei was distributed in 25% study districts of Punjab, Pakistan. In Chakwal district, the genome of B. mallei was strongly associated with moisture (p=0.008) in all positive samples ranging from 0.80 to 39.20%, Phosphorous (p=0.050) ranging from 1.74 to 21.75 mg/Kg. While, this association in Sheikhupura district soil samples was with Sodium (p=0.018) and moisture (0.026) ranging from 1.90 to 133.59 mg/Kg and 0.80 to 39.20%, respectively. The odds of detecting DNA of B. mallei were recorded higher (1.4, 6.8, 5.0, 2.8 and 10.6 ) when soil sample sites were < 500 meters away from vehicular traffic roads, < one kilometer from animal markets, < 100 meters from canal, animal density < 1,000 animals and human population < 300 houses/village. While the odds of detecting DNA of B. mallei were 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.5 when soil sample sites were > 500 meters from vehicular traffic roads, > one kilometer from animal markets, > 100 meters from canal, animal density > 1000 animals and human population > 300 houses/village, respectively. Soil-borne B. mallei DNA is more likely to be detected in areas closer to roads with vehicular traffic along the interstate routes in Punjab and soil containing low level of moisture.
It was concluded that soil of two districts out of eight selected was positive for B. mallei genome in Punjab province. Odds of less distance from main road to animal farm and high animal density at farm were positively associated with B. mallei DNA persistence in soil. Moisture, sodium and phosphorus were positively associated with persistence of B. mallei DNA in soil.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2900-T] (1).
11.
Evaluation Of Pre And Post Training Food Safety Knowledge Of Food Handlers Working In Various Restaurants In Lahore
by Liaqat Ali(2009-VA-472 | Dr.Zubair Farooq | Dr.Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr.Muhammad Asad Ali.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Food-borne illnesses are common among people who eat food at restaurants. Most common reason of food-borne illness is cross contamination which occurs due to lack of food safety knowledge among food handlers of restaurants. Food hygiene is the set of fundamental standards utilized in an organized control of the environmental surroundings at the time of manufacturing, packaging, consignment/passage, storage, processing, preparation, selling and serving of food in such a way as to guarantee that food is intact to utilize and is of satisfying storing characteristics.
Therefore, there is need to evaluate their food safety knowledge and provide relevant training. There is lack of food safety knowledge among food handlers associated with restaurants. This study was designed to evaluate before and after training food safety knowledge of food handlers working in various restaurants in Lahore district. Nine restaurants each from nine towns of Lahore were selected. A minimum of two food handlers from each restaurant were further being selected. A total of 180 food handlers were put to pre-and post-training evaluation about food safety knowledge. Data was processed in Excel Spreadsheet. Paired t-test was applied using SPSS version 20 for comparison of variables. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A pair t-test was conducted to study the impact of pre and post training food safety knowledge of food handlers working in various restaurants in district Lahore. Almost all the results were significant which revealed that training has great impact in enhancing food safety knowledge of food handlers. All the results were significant at (P < 0.05). In first section, general questions about food safety, all results were significant. It shows different mean values of pre and post training and it revealed the impact of training on general food safety of food handlers. In personnel hygiene section, most of the results were significant, except the question “do you use safe water for cooking and cleaning?” because of reasons using safe water is the basic need and
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
47
training do not have impact on it. In third section, questions related to foods or ingredients, all the results observed are significant. It shows means of before and after training are different and it shows that training has great impact on the knowledge related to food or their ingredients. In last section, question related to food machinery, most of the results are significant except “can the surfaces of all equipment be sanitized?” and “Do you use same knife or/and cutting board for cutting of vegetables, raw meat and fruits?” because of the reasons the surfaces of all the equipment’s cannot be sanitized due to lack of facilities available at restaurants and because it is a common practice to use same knife or cutting boards for cutting of fruits, vegetables and raw meat and also due to some financial issues, this shows training do not have impact on it. Present study is an effort to provided valuable information about the level of food safety knowledge of food handlers. Trainings conducted at different restaurants are helpful to increase the knowledge of restaurants food handlers regarding food hazards, cross-contamination and personal hygiene. Suggestions for Future Researchers
• Training materials (e.g., proforma, presentation) regarding food safety must be optimized according to Pulseberry Health Consultant and SGS Pakistan rules and regulations.
• Prior to the trainings, relevant documentation i.e., permission letter must be issued and verified from Punjab Food Authority to avoid any inconvenience. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2965-T] (1).
