1.
Factors Effecting Activity Of Haemagglutinin Of Avian Influenza (H9 Type)Virus
by Asifa Rasool Bhatti | Dr.Sameera Akthar | Dr shakeel | Dr.Kushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Avian influenza virus (AIV) was propagated in 09-day-old chicken embryonated eggs and after 72 hours post incubation the AAF and CAM were harvested and AIV was confirmed by spot agglutination test and agar gel precipitation test.
The AIV (H9 type) agglutinated red blood cells from chicken, dog, horse, parrot, pigeon, guinea pig, buffalo and human blood group O but it did not agglutinate the RBC's from sheep and rabbit. The
virus gave HA titer of 1:512 when RBC's from chicken, human blood group O÷ve and dog were used. Phosphate buffer saline, haemagglutination, inhibition buffer and 0.5% peptone water when used with chicken RBC's (0.5 and 1%) resulted in similar HA titer 1:512. However HA titer of the virus was low (1:256) when normal saline was used as a diluent.
AIV agglutinated 0.5% and 1% chicken RBC's in 35 and 25 minutes respectively and both concentrations of RBC's gave similar HA titer (1:512) in the presence of Phosphate buffer saline, haemagglutination, inhibition buffer and 0.5% peptone water. However AIV with normal saline and 0.5% and 1% chicken RBC's gave a lower HA titer of 1:256 in 35 and 25 minutes.
It was also found that RBC's concentration of 0.1% did not result in any agglutination by the virus, even after 60 minutes.
Storage of AIV at either 4°C or -20°C did not affect its hemaggitination activity in 6 months. However storage at 37°C resulted in loss of hemagglutination activity after 4 months. Storage at room temperature also resulted in loss of HA but at a lower pace as appended to 37°C temperature. However, vaccines prepared from the alliquotes stored at different temperature did not different in terms of antibody response (HI titer of GMT 137.2) indicating that the loss of hemagglutination activity did not corresponds with loss of immunogencity.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0831,T] (1).
3.
Association Of Dietary Habits With Anthropometric Measurement And Academic Performance Of Children Enrolled In Grade Iv And V In Selected Schools Of Lahore
by Asifa Saleem (2013-VA-445) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. Saeed Ahmed Nagra | Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: More than 30% of Pakistan’s population lives below the poverty line. The poorest 20% of the population earn 6.2% of the country’s total income and most households in Pakistan spend almost half of their income on food. School age period is nutritionally important because this is the prime time to build up body stores of nutrients in preparation for rapid growth. Healthy children learn better. Dietary habits are associated with the anthropometric measurement and academic performance. Different schools in three categories (i.e., high, moderate and low fee structured) were surveyed and 50 children of grade IV and V (total 900 samples) from each school of each category in the district Lahore.
Questionnaire was filled to get the information regarding the 24 hour dietary recall of the children and its effect on the anthropometric measurements and academic performance will be noted. Parameters included were age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), dietary habits and academic performance was assessed and the association of dietary recall with anthropometric measurements and academic performance were assessed. The collected data was analyzed by association SPSS. Analyzed data were represented in percentage, frequencies and charts to assess the association of dietary habits with anthropometric measurements and academic performance of children. The proposed study is expected to determine the role of dietary habits with anthropometric measurements and the academic performance of children.
Summary
49
Mother’s education depends on the admission of students in better school. In High Fee structured schools, mainly the children of Private employees get admitted. Whereas, in Middle Fee structured schools, the children of government employees get admitted. Whereas, in Low Fee structured schools, the children of Government and Private Employees get admission. In class IV, 9 years old children get admitted. Whereas, in Low Fee structured Category, the students of 9 and 10 years age get admitted. It can be stated that in High Fee structured early aged children are admitted. In Class V, the children of 10 and 11 years has almost equal proportion of admission in different category of schools. In Class IV, female’s ratio was more as compared to male in each category of schools. Whereas, in Class V, equal proportion of male and female children got enrolled.
The ratio of Obese children was more in High Fee Structured Category Schools, whereas, less in Moderate and Low Fee Structured Schools. The ratio of Under Weight was also more in students of each category of schools. The ratio of Obese, Overweight and Normal children of Class IV, was more in male children as compared to female, in High and Moderate Fee Structured Category Schools. Whereas in Low Fee Structured Schools, female children were Normal regarding BMI. In class V children, Normal BMI ratio was more in Girls, as compared to Boys, and Vice versa in other two categories of schools.
In class IV students, Main number of students scored 70-79% and 80-89% in high fee structured schools marks and in Moderate Fee structured schools, mainly students scored 60-69%
Summary
50
marks. In Low fee structured schools, score was 70-79% marks in last school examination. On the other hand, in class V students, Main number of students scored 80-89% in high fee structured schools marks and in Moderate Fee structured schools, mainly students scored 60-69% marks. In Low fee structured schools, average score of children was 60-69% marks in last school examination. Overall consumption was less than recommended by US Department of Health and Human Services and the American Heart Association (AHA).
Association of Dietary Habits with anthropometric measurements was significant. There was a direct relationship between Dietary Habits with anthropometric measurements. Main proportion of children were under weight. Less children were normal and only a few 8% children were Overweight. The data has a direct relationship between dietary habits and Anthropometric measurements. There was also an indirect relationship between dietary habits and Academic performance. If we improve the Dietary habits of children then the score of children will not be high. On the average 67.85% children got above 90% marks in last school examination. The 52.81% children scored 81-90% marks in last school examination. Similarly, 62.35% children scored 71-80% marks. Hence it can be computed from the data that Dietary habits has a reverse relationship with academic performance of children.
In view of the data discussed, it is concluded that dietary habits and life style plays and important role in the maintenance and promotion of the good health. The children who were taking adequate diet from all food groups have normal BMI and adequate muscle protein indicated by MUAC values. Underweight children eat less frequently than normal. Data analysis revealed that
Summary
51
over all consumption of food was inadequate and nutritional status was also affected by meal frequency, meal timings, eating pattern and physical activity.
There was no significant difference among normal and obese regarding meal frequency but unstructured eating pattern was observed. Through the children taking adequate calories the type of food taken was not proper. The food prohibition was more common in children. The prohibition of these food items.in children existed due to the absence of knowledge regarding nutritional value of the food items, personal likings and disliking. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2731-T] (1).
