1.
A Study On The Chemotherapy And Taxonomy Of Mange Mites In Ovine And Its Effect On Different Blood Parameters
by Rafique Rana, M | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Prof. Dr. SAghir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A study was carried out to find out the taxonomy, chemotherapy of mange mites in sheep and its effect on different blood parameters. A total of 30 flocks comprising of fifteen hundred sheep of different age and sexes were examined in the city and villages around Lahore. Out of above mentioned animals 200 suspected sheep were thoroughly examined and 30 (15%) were found positive for mange mites infestation. Species of three genera namely Sarcoptes, Psoroptes and Chorioptes were found infesting these animals.
The average number of mites recovered from the species of each genera were recorded as 851, 825 and 815 for Psoroptes, Sarcoptes and Chorioptes respectively. For the identification of different species of mange mites microscopic examination was carried out and mites were first seen under low power and then high power of magnification. The slides were mounted with mites and then examined to study their morphological characteristics.
The three genera identified were Sarcoptes, Psoroptes and Chorioptes in sheep.
Chemotherapeutic trials were carried out in suspected sheep by using two concentrations of neguvon solution i.e. 0.10% and 0.15% at ten days intervals. For this purpose sheep were divided into three groups. Group A was treated with 0.10% solution of neguvon, group B with 0.15% solution of neguvon and group C was kept as untreated control group. The data obtained on reduction of mites due to acaricide application were subjected to statistical analysis by applying completely randomized design and results were recorded. It was noticed that 0.15% neguvon was highly effective against mange mites infestation when it was replied twice after ten days interval.
The effect of mange mites on different blood parameters was also recorded. For this purpose sheep were divided into three groups. Group I comprised of clinically infested sheep, group II subclinically infested sheep and group C included healthy sheep which was kept as control for the comparison. The effect of mange mites on different blood parameters of two infested groups of sheep i.e. I and II was recorded before and after two applications of 0.10% and 0.15% neguvon solution at ten days interval and results were compared with group C for comparison.
The findings of this study indicated that the infestation of mange mites is a quite common problem in sheep population of this area. The sheep suffering from mange mites exhibit poor feed intake, severe irritation, scratching, bleeding, loss of wool, low body growth, reduced production and damaged skin. Such infested sheep are also susceptible to various viral and bacterial diseases which makes sheep production uneconomical and put extra burden on the sheep breeders.
Keeping all this in view suitable and prompt measures should be taken for early diagnosis and treatment of the infested animals. This will result not only for the control of the disease, but also help to improve the economical condition of the owners. It will also increase the gross national product of Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0386,T] (1).
2.
Bioavailability Of Gentamicin In Male Buffalo Calves
by Hasan Raza, S | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Prof. Dr. Saghir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin sulphate were investigated in the same 20-male buffalo calves heal thy after intravenous administration and after intramuscular administration. The blood samples were collected at various time intervals following administration of single dose of 4 mg/kg. The concentrations of Gentamicin in serum samples were determined according to the microbiological assay described by Arret (1971). The plasma concentrations of gentarnicin at different time intervals after injections were plotted on semi-logarithmic graph paper. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated according to the method described by Gibaldi (1984). Results were expressed as mean ± SD.
The peak concentration of 11.273 ± 0.4976 µg/ml reached in 31.092 ± 1.217 minutes after intramuscular injection. Keeping intravenous as standard the relative bioavailability after injection was 82.5%.
The half-life was 97.29 ± 5.259 minutes after I/v injection mean ± SD, volume of distribution was 202.36 ± 8.486 ml/kg/ The volume of distribution at steady stage (Vdss ) was 214.67 ± 20.99 ml/mm. The total body clearance of gentamicin was 1.7382 ± 0.0738 ml/kg.
Pharmacokinetics parameters of gentamicin were seemed to be independent of rout of administration at the dosage level applied.
The pharmacokinetics evaluation by compartmental method and non-compartmental method was not found significantly different.
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3.
A Survellance On Managemental Problems Of Layer Farms In And Around Lahore District
by Zia ur Rasool, M | Dr. M. Saleem Chaudhry | Dr. M. Aslam Bhatti | Dr. Saghir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A survey of randomly selected 50 layer farms was conducted in and around Lahore district. Data regarding farming structure, location and dimension of sheds/farms, feed and feeding, watering, labour management, lighting schedule, equipments, litter management, biosecurity and sanitation, vaccines and vaccination, health cover after disease outbreak, deworming, culling, environment control, egg production; storage and marketing, molting, availability of extension services, sale of old birds, record keeping and economics were collected through a questionnaire by interviewing individual farmers/supervisors.
The results showed that almost literate people were doing layer business. Most of farms comprised more than one shed but the capacity was not fully utilized. The farms were located at a reasonable distance both from Lahore and main road. Almost all sheds were constructed in right direction and dimensions. Mostly commercial feeds were in use and storage facility was present at most of farms with a proper storage period. Almost all farmers had water from hand pumps and dunkey pumps which had numerous problems like E. ç2jj, salts like sodium chloride and nitrates etc. Automatic drinkers were mostly in use and frequency of filling water tank was more in summer. Nominal wages were given to labour with no special reward and criteria of selecting labour was honesty, hardwork and experience. Lighting period at most of farms was according to company's schedule. Plastic and steel equipments were mostly used and brooding was done by coal and electric brooders alongwith karosine oil stoves. Rice husk and saw dust were litter materials commonly used, however, rice husk was found to be slightly more common. Practices of biosecurity and sanitation were not followed as required. Generally, vaccines had their origin from private companies and found to have reasonable results. Mortality rate was comparatively high due to unsatisfactory managemental practices. Cost of mdication was also higher due to repeated attacks of diseases. Deworming have found to be a routine practice and had good effect on production. Culling was not practiced properly due to lack of technical know how. Environment extremes both heat and cold were observed to be the major problems in layer production. Egg production at most of farms and practices of collection and marketing were found better. Molting was still not a common practice however most of those who did it, found molting beneficial and economical. Extension services were mainly provided by private sector. Record keeping was commonly practiced. It was concluded that there were lot of managemental problems at the farms which resulted into poor production as compared to the advanced world.
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Latest information regarding management and production should be disseminated to the farmers through launching of short term training courses/programmes.
2. Field technical staff should be offered refresher courses in order to be in touch with new diagnostic techniques.
3. Horizontal transmission of diseases can be reduced by following strict biosecurity measures including regular disinfection of farms, equipments and litter. Foot baths should be made available by each farmer.
4. Provision of required temperature and humidity is prerequisite in attaining maximum egg production. Provision of constant environment can be made through the use of cooling and heating systems.
5. Good quality feed at reasonable prices is now the need of the hour. Government should give subsidies on import of required ingredients as well as legislation should be done to bound feed manufacturers to give quality feed.
6. Most of farmers are facing many problems due to low quality water. This can be reduced by guiding farmers for regular chlorination and disinfection.
7. Vaccines and medicines available in the market are both of low quality and expensive. This needs special check on importers and manufacturers.
8. Farmers should be encouraged to shift on cages instead of deep litter system in order to enhance labour efficiency and production.
9 . Cleaning of dirty eggs should be adopted by every farmer to limit the entrance of disease producing germs in the eggs to avoid health hazards to humans.
10. Medicine withdrawal time is a crucial topic which is absolutely ignored by our farmers, resulting antibiotics resistance in humans. Legislation should be made upon it.
11. Egg marketing should be based on grading. Larger eggs should have more prices than smaller ones so that farmers could get proper profit of their product.
12. Government should encourage the establishment of egg processing and storage plants in order to limit the difference of demand and supply of eggs throughout the year.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0597,T] (1).
4.
Comparative Efficacy Of Herbal Medicines For The Immuno Modulatory And Antistress Effect Against Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) in Broiler Chickens
by Sajid Hussain Butt | Dr . Saghir Ahmad Jafri | Dr . Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Main aim of the study was to estimate the immunosuppression induced by Infectious bursal disease vaccination and management of the immunosuppression with indigenous Herbal medicine (nefrone). For this purpose on hundred and sixty day old broiler chicks were procured from the local market. Chicks were kept on floor under standard conditions of management in Experimental Room of Pharmacology Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore Chicks were divided into four groups comprising of 40 birds in each designated as A (control and vaccinated, B (Vaccinated+Nefrone), C (Vaccinated+Lisovit) and D (Vaccinated+ herbal mixture) for control of vaccine stress and to study the immunomodulatory effect of Nefrone, Lisovit and herbal mixture. Birds were fed commercial feed and water ad libitum
The brides were vaccinated with D-78 and 228-E on day 3rd and 21st. Biochemical substances were examined on 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at 1st and 2nd post vaccination shots against IBD vaccine. The birds were also vaccinated against Newcastle disease on 10th day and Hydropericardium syndrome on 18th day of the experiment. Blood samples were collected from randomly selected ten birds of each group after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-vaccination for ascertaining the following parameters: (i) Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio (ii) Serum biochemical substances (protein, glucose and Cholesterol). On day 42nd, adrenal gland/body weight ratio and pathological leions in adrenal gland were noted. An effort was also made to ascertain the economics of flock at the end of the experiment. Vaccine did not cause detectable stress in broilers due to prophylactic use of Nefrone, Lisovit and herbal mixture. Nefrone therapy showed positive effects on the immune response and growth traits of the birds.
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5.
Effect Of Different Antimicrobials At Therapeutic Dose Level On Blood Parameters Of Clinically Normal And Diseased Sheep
by Sheraz Bashir | Dr . Muhammad Athan Khan | Dr . Muhammad Ashraf | Dr . Saghir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The effect of amoxycillin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol at therapeutic dose level on the blood parameters of clinically normal and diseased (pyretic) sheep was studied in 18 febrile and 18 non febrile sheep for a period of 3 consecutive days.
Amoxycillin treated diseased animals showed a gradual decline in temperature, pulse, respiration rate, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and total serum protein, while total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count, eosinophil count and basophil counts were increased. In oxytetracycline treated affected animals, temperature, pulse, total erythrocyte count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, basophil count and total serum protein decreased while respiration rate, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count and eosinophil count increased gradually with time. In chloramphenicol treated pyretic animals temperature, pulse, respiration rate, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, basophil count and total serum protein decreased and packed cell volume and eosinophils increased while no effect was noted on monocyte count from day zero progressively.
In amoxycillin treated non affected animals, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophil increased while pulse, total leukocyte count and total serum protein decreased and no effect was observed on temperature, respiration and basophil count. In oxytetracycline treated normal animals pulse, respiration rate, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count and eosinophil increased while neutrophil and total serum protein decreased gradually and there was no effect on temperature, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils. In chloramphenicol treated clinically normal animals, pulse, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophH increased while total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, neutrophil and total serum protein values decreased from day zero to onward. But there was no effect on temperature, respiration rate, packed cell volume and basophil count from day zero to day second.
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6.
Studies On The Effect Of N.Fac-1000 As Stress Reducer Under High Population Density In Broilers
by Riaz, M | Dr . Muhammad Saleem Chaudhry | Dr . Muhammad Aslam Bhatti | Dr . Saghir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The effect of N.Fac-1000 was studied on weight gain, feed consumed, feed conversion, dressing percentage and bone meat ratio on broiler with regards to stocking density under the prevailing Pakistani climatic condition.
Three hundred and sixty one day old broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and were fed on commercial broiler starter ration upto 28 days, and finisher upto 42 days - libitum. The chicks were divided into 6 groups as A, B and C supplemented with N.Fac-1000 (treatment groups) and D, E and F without supplementation (control group) and reared at 1.0 Sq.ft, 0.75 Sq.ft and 0.50 Sq.ft respectively.
During the course of study, the birds were weighed weekly and their weekly feed consumption was also recorded. The FCR was also calculated. At the end of experiment 3 birds from each replicate were slaughtered and dressed to determine the dressing percentage and bone meat ratio. The economics of the project was also calculated.
The results indicated that the weight gain in groups fed on ration containing N.Fac-1000 were significantly better as compared to those fed on ration without N.Fac-1000 supplementation. Similarly difference space densities also showed effect on the effect the weight gain of the birds. It was also observed that a maximum gain in body weight was observed at 6th week in the chicks fed on ration supplemented with N.Fac-1000.
The feed consumption in groups fed on ration supplemented with N.Fac-1000 showed significantly better results as compared to those fed on ration without N.Fac-1000 supplementation. There was also a significant difference among different groups of birds regarding feed consumption provided 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 Sq.ft of space. It was also observed that feed consumption increase with the increase of age of birds.
The FCR in groups fed on ration supplemented with N.Fac1000 showed better results as compared to those fed on ration without N.Fac-1000 supplementation. There was also significant difference among different groups of birds regarding FCR. Significant difference in F.C.R. was also observed regarding increase of age from 0-6 weeks.
A significant difference could not be observed amongst the bird so far as dressing percentage and bone meat ratio on concerned.
While calculating the economics it was observed that the groups supplemented with N.Fac-1000 showed better performance compared with the control group.
It was concluded from this study that stress due to reduced floor spacing can be minimized with the addition of a stress reduce i.e. N.Fac-1000 in the ration of the birds.
The overall picture of the results as depicted from the mean and ANOVA tables indicated that the birds fed on ration supplemented with N.Fac-1000 showed significantly better performance. They gained significantly better weight, consumed less feed, had better FCR, dressing percentage find bone meat ratio than the control group. The order ofmerit was also as A, B and C.
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7.
A Study On The Effects Of Different Photperiods On The Performance Of Coturnix Coturnix Japonica (Japanese Quails)
by Khalid Mahmood | Ch Muhammad Saleem | Dr Muhammad Aslam Bhatti | Dr Saghir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: The study was aimed to find out the effect of different photoperiods on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at first egg laid, mortality and dressing percentage of Japanese quails (coturnix coturnix Japonica) . The photoperiods provided were natural day light, 6 hours light and 18 hours darkness, 10 hours light and 14 hours darkness and 14 hours light and 10 hours darkness to groups A, B, C and D respectively.
One hundred and eighty, one day old quail chicks were divided into four groups comprising 45 birds each. These groups were further sub-divided into three replicates of 15 birds each. They were provided 25 sq. inches floor space per bird and fed ad-libiturn on a ration containing 26% protein throughout the study period of 70 days. Feeding, watering, environmental and manage mental conditions were made identical for all the birds. The average live weight of the quails recorded at the end of the 10th week was 161.25 gms., 134.52 gms., 165.59 gms., and 186.33 gms., with feed consumption of 870, 699, 882, and 1031 gms., for the groups A, B, C and D respectively. A highly significant difference was observed for weight gain among all the groups except groups A and C. For feed consumption a highly significant difference (P/0.0l) was observed in groups B and D while the difference in groups A and D was significant (PL0.05) and no significant difference was noticed in groups A and C, because of almost equal hours of light. The feed conversion ratio was 5.68, 5.53, 5.60 and 5.79 for groups A, B, C and D respectively, and no significant difference was observed among all the groups.
The age in days at which the first egg laid was 55, 69, 58 and 51 in groups A, B, C and D respectively. The mortality percentage was 16.00, 33.55, 13.33 and 11.00 and the mean dressing percentages recorded at the end of experiment were 62.5, 63.0, 62.7 and 64.0 for groups A, B, C and D respectively. No significant difference was observed for dressing percentage in all the groups.
CONCLUSION
From the results of the present study it was concluded that Japanese quails can be reared economically and efficiently under natural day light throughout the year in Punjab for table purpose. It is advisable to market the broiler quails at 6 weeks of age as keeping them longer is uneconomical.
However, if the quails are to be kept for breeding purpose, at least 14 hours continuous light per day should be given in order to attain early sexual maturity and onset of egg production.
It is suggested that the study should be extended upto two successive generations to assess the productive potential of Japanese quails in detail under local environmental conditions of Pakistan.
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8.
Studies On The Incidence Of Iodine Deficiency In Lahore
by Farrukh zahoor | Dr. Muhammad Yaqoob Malik | Dr. Nisar | Dr. Saghir Ahmad Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: The iodine which is so necessary for normal thyroid function is obtained from the food we eat, and to a much less extent: , from the water we drink4 Iodine deficiency is the commonest cause of goitre. Deficient dietary intake is the most important single cause of iodine deficiency, and its role is especially important in districts with a high prevalence of simple goitre. The best known areas of high prevalence of iodine deficiency in the world are mountanious, e.g. the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes, but high prevalence was also found in certain low lying areas. In countries where most of the population receive iodized salt and where iodine-containing foods are widely distributed, this condition is becoming less common.
Pakistan is one of the developing countries of the world which faces malnutrition as a serious public health problem. Trace mineral imbalance and deficiency are one of the causes of malnutrition in people of the country. Surveys carried Out in recent years have shown goitrous areas particularly North-West of Pakistan. Iodine prophylaxis has been introduced in some of such areas with success and the disease has been practically controlled.
The present study was therefore designed to determine the iodine status of the people of Lahore city and collect information of the factors that interfere with the availability and utilization of iodine.
A total number of 1,000 patients of thyroid dysfunction were selected at random at the Atomic Energy Medical Centre, Mayo Hospital Lahore. The observations on the incidence of iodine deficiency and its relation to age, sex, type of thyroid diseases and financial status of the patients were recorded.
The map of Lahore city was divided into five experimental areas and the numbers of patients from each area were counted.
Clinical tests showed a wide variety of thyroid problems including iodine deficiency goitre, simple goitre, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, puberty goitre, thyroid cancer,etc. Some patients were proved to be normal.
Results of the survey showed that there was a highly significant (P/ 0.01) occurrence of thyroid patients in the experimental area II, i.e. North West of Lahore city. It showed the highest frequency of 42.1% of thyroid patients, as compared to other experimental areas I, III, IV and V having 19.3, 18.8, 9.0, 10.8% frequency respectively.
Comparison of different thyroid diseases showed that there was highest profusion of iodine deficiency goitre in the patients. There was highly significant (PLO.01) occurrence of iodine deficiency goitre of 37.0% as compared to simple goitre, hypothyroidism and miscellaneous thyroid diseases, which were 14.2, 13.5, and 4.2% respectively. Prevalence of iodine deficiency goitre was also significantly (PLO.05) higher i.e. 37.0% in occurrence as compared to hyperthyroidism)i.e. 27.0%. Only 4.1% patients were found normal.
It was revealed that there was highly significant (L 0.01) occurrence of iodine deficiency goitre in the patients of the experimental area II as compared to the experimental areas IV,V,III and I.
The survey revealed that there was highly significant (L 0.01) occurrence of the patients having thyroid problems from 30-40 years of age as compared to the patients of thyroid dysfunction from 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 40-50 and 50-above years of age.
It was observed that there was a much higher occurrence,i.e 76.2 % of thyroid complaints in females than in males.i.e 23.8%. The results showed that there was a higher occurrence of iodine deficiency goitre in females, i.e 30.2% as compared to males,i.e 6.8%. )
The survey revealed that thyroid dysfunction was prevalent in the patients belonging to the three categories of incomei.e upper class, middle class and lower class. But there was no significant difference between the three classes.
Out of a total number of 50 samples of drinking water from the five experimental areas 30 samples were found deficient in iodine,i.e having lower than 40 microgram of iodine per liter. 20 Samples were found normal in iodine level having more than 40 microgram of iodine per liter of water. The highest iodine level of 44.0 microgram per litre of water was found in the experimental area V and the lowest iodine level,i.e 20.0 microgram per litre of water was found in the experimental area II, having the highest thyroid dysfunction rate of 40.3% of the patients.
There was highly significant (P/_0.01) occurrence of iodine deficiency in the blood of the patients having thyroid dysfunction. Iodine deficiency in the blood was highly significant (P/_0.01) in the patients of group II as compared to the patients of group III.
The results of water test and blood test were in agreement with the findings of the general survey of the patients suffering from thyroid dysfunction. The experimental area II had the highest number of patients suffering from thyroid dysfunction, i.e 42.1% and the larger number of patients having deficiency of blood iodine was also observed in the same' area,i.e 70%. The lowest iodine level of 20.0 microgram per litre of water was also found in the same experimental area.
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9.
Comparision Of Mineral Profile In Lactating And Non-Lactating Nilli-Ravi Buffalo
by Mohammad Akram | Prof. Dr. Saghir Ahmed Jafri | Dr. Muhammad Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Rashid | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Nih Ravi is the well established breed of buffalo in Punjab. There are about 140 million buffaloes in the World out of which the largest buffalo population is in India, China and Pakistan. It is a multipurpose animal and fulfils milk and meat demand of mankind. In Pakistan it contributes about 74% of total milk yield. The annual rate of increase in buffalo population is 2.5% and increase in milk production is 3.5% in India and Pakistan. To fulfil the increasing demand of milk and meat, there is an immense need to improve the health status and production potentials of dairy animals. This can he achieved only if we are abreast with physiological norms, the disturbance of which lowers productivity. There are numerous problems of health, reproduction and milk production of Nih Ravi buffalo. Despite this very little information is available on blood chemistry of buffalo belonging to different agro-clirnatic conditions. There are various factors which play important role in their rate of production and minerals are one of those factors. Imbalances of minerals, produces deterimental effect on the performance of livestock e.g. Mineral imbalances lead to syndromes manifested in form of retarded growth, low production, late maturity, wasting disease, non infectious abortion, infertility, silent heat, retained placenta, dystokia and prolapse of vagina and uterus. To cope with the situation more research is required on the subject to locate the extent of mineral imbalances. The conclusive results will produce direct or indirect effect on the production and reproductive performance of livestock. The study is therefore planned to find out the serum mineral profile of lactating and non lactating buffaloes from different areas of Punjab and the effect of stage and number of lactation on mineral profile and to find the correlation of serum mineral profile with prolapse of vagina and uterus.
To determine the mineral profile in lactating and non lactating Nih Ravi buffaloes 200 blood samples were collected from Okara, Jhelum and Lahore/Sheikhupura. The serum was separated from blood by centrifugation. Serum was analyzed for sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron on spectrophotometer. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis by using analysis of variance and the differences in means were tested by using (L.S.D. test) least significant diference test.
The mean values of serum mineral in lactating and non lactating buffaloes on overall basis were subjected to statistical analysis and found non significant differences. However serum magnesium levels were found to be significant in lactating and non lactating buffaloes.
The means values of serum minerals in buffaloes of various districts were subjected to statistical analysis by using analysis of variance and L.S.D. test and significant differences were found between districts (P <0.05) for sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron, while non significant differences were found for calcium and chloride (P>0.05).
The mean values of serum mineral in lactating and non lactating buffaloes on the basis of lactation number were subjected to analysis of variance and L.S.D. test and found non significant differences for serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and iron, while serum phosphorus showed singificant differences on the basis of lactation numbers and stage of lactations.
The differences in the mean values of serum sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and phosphorus were found to be significant. While calcium and iron showed non significant differences within distircts.
The serum sodium showed deficiency in Lahore/Sheikhupura district while serum potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and iron values were found in normal range in all districts. However serum phosphorus level were slightly higher in buffaloes of all the districts.
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10.
Comparative Nutritive Value Of Corn Gluten Meal And Meat Meal In Broiler Rations
by Syed Tayyab Waqar Bokhari | Dr. SAghir Ahmad Jafri | Dr. Mohammad Yaqoob Malik | Mrt. Mubasher.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: The experiment was conducted in the Animal Nutrition Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore on completely randomized design. One hundred and twenty, day-old broiler chicks were reared for eight weeks period, These were divided into four groups of 30, and each group was further divided into three replicate of 10 birds. Four experimental rations A, B, C and D were fed to the four different groups. There rations contained 0, 10,15 & 20% levels of corn gluten meal with 18, 9. 5,5 & 0% levels of meat meal as sole source of protein. Watering and feeding was done a libitum.
At the end of experiment, the results showed that average body weight gain of individual bird fed on rations A, B, C and D was 322.2, 263.8, 352.7 and 252.8 grams with F.C.R. of 2.35, 2.61,2.30 & 3.04 respectively. The data regarding the body weight gain and F. C. R. was subjected to statistical analysis - using the analysis of variance and further more to find out the difference in treatment means. Student Newman Keul's Technique was applied. The results showed the highest gain in body weight in birds of group C (15% corn gluten, 5% meat meal and 0. 5% L-Lysine) and the least gain in weight in group D (20% corn gluten and 0.5% L-Lysine. Similar results in case of F. C. R. were obtained as well.
The data on dressing percentage of birds fed rations A, B, C and D were 74.5, 72.1, 71.6 and 72.4 percent. Statistically these results found to be significant and the maximum dressed body weight was observed in group A. The gizzard weight of the birds kept on rations A, B, C and D was 126. 0, 08.3, 120.7 and 105.7 grams with 123.7, 92.7, 100.0 and 94.3 grams of liver weight respectively were observed. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference. Improved weight of gizzard and liver were gained by the birds maintained on ration A. The data on heart, spleen and pancrease weights on analysis revealed a non- significant difference.
The data on economics of the experimental rations indicated that the cost per Kg. of gain in body weight was Rupees 10. 52, 8.73, 8.57 and 11.16 respectively. The ration C was comparative by more economical, ration B being second the best. It is evident from the data that 15% corn gluten with 5% meat meal helped in making the ration most economical.
Based on the observations cited above it was inferred that corn gluten meal could be successfully incorporated in broilers ration without any deteriorating effect o growth rate, feed consumption or feed efficiency, provided it is supplemented with animal protein source to make up the limiting amino-acids.
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