1.
Impact Of Zinc Supplementation On Growth Performance Carcass Traits And Immune Response In Broilers
by Muhammad Ali | Prof. Dr. Anjum Khalique | Dr. Muhammad Afzal Rashid | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2177,T] (1).
2.
Comparison of The Effect of Ovsynch and G6G Synchronization Protocols on Ovulation and Pregnancy Rate in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Muhammad Waqas (2008-VA-289) | Dr. Muhammad Usman Mehmood | Dr. Qaiser Shahzad | Prof. Dr. Mian Abul Sattar | Dr. Muhammad Afzal Rashid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Thesis submitted with blank CD Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2267-T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Feeding Two Levels Of Non Fiber Carbohydrate On Production Performance Of Lactating Nilli Ravi Buffaloes
by Nadeem Haider Hammad (2007-VA-065) | Prof. Dr. Anjum Khalique | Dr. Muhammad Afzal Rashid | Dr. Muhammad Qamer Shahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: In Pakistan during the past decade, milk production has been increased from 27.811MT to 49.512MT.Nili-Ravi buffalo is one of the best dairy breed of water buffalo; with an average milk yield per lactation 2,430 liters (Bilal et al. 2006).Buffalo population of Pakistan is considered as valuable asset comprising the best dairy breeds of the world. Buffalo’s milk contributes approximately 68% to the total milk production in the country.
The research in dairy cattle indicated that milk production is associated directly to the type of carbohydrates fed in the diet. Carbohydrate fraction contributes approximately 70% of dry matter in the diets for lactating dairy cows. NFC is a major source of energy for lactating dairy animals. According to NRC a typical dairy ration should contain NFC between 35 to 40 % of the total dietary DM to support optimal milk production. Studies in cattle have shown positive correlation of NFC with milk production.High NFC diets have shown improved production performance in cattleTherefore aim of current experiment was to evaluate the optimal level of straw based non fiber carbohydrate TMR on production performance of lactating Nili-Ravi buffalo.
The experiment was carried out at Buffalo Research Institute (BRI), Pattokito evaluate the effect of two levels of NFC on; dry matter intake, body weight, body score, fecal score, milk production, changes in milk composition, milk production efficiency. In this experiment twelve lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes of same parity and comparable milk production were selected. Animals were housed on concrete floor and were fed individually. The shed was well ventilated.
The duration of experiment was 50 days. Animals were given adaptability period of 10 days and remaining 40 days for data recording and sample collection. Animals were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments: Treatment 1: Straw based low NFC (32%) TMR as a control and Treatment 2: Straw based high NFC (40%) TMR with n=6 animals per treatment. Diets formulated were iso-nitrogenous. At the start of experiment animals were weighed and then weekly during experimental period. Hand milking was carried out twice daily in the morning and evening at 7.00 and 19.00, respectively. Milk let down was done by calf suckling. During the entire experimental period, ad libitum availability of fresh and clean water to individual animal was ensured. The animals were fed on straw based non-fiber carbohydrate TMR once daily in the morning after milking. TMR offered and refusal was recorded daily.
The effect of treatments on milk yield, milk composition, dry matter intake and other variables was analyzed by two independent sample t-tests using Procttest procedure of SAS ( release 9.1; SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC).
Conclusion
In present research animals were given two levels of straw based non-fiber carbohydrate TMR and it was observed that by giving straw based low NFC (32%) TMR the production performance of Nili-Ravi buffaloes were better than NFC (40%). The results of current study should be used cautiously due to the limitations of the trail.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2352-T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Feeding Different Levels Of Rhodes Grass Hay On Growth Performance, Body Condition Score, Digestibility And Blood Metabolites In Growing Lohi Lambs
by Syed Ghulam Abbas Bukhari (2014-VA-521) | Mr. Imran Mohsin | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Afzal Rashid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Livestock has great importance in economy of our country, livestock contribute 55.1% share in our agriculture GDP and about 12% of total GDP of Pakistan. Livestock includes all that animals which are reared at domestic level and produce beneficial products for human beings. As large ruminants has great role in milk production and a large population present in our country .Mean while small ruminants has also an important role in livestock sector. Deficiency of sufficient feed throughout the year is a common issue in Pakistan both for large and small ruminants. Poor quality and shortage of feedstuffs, as well as underfeeding are considered to be the major problems for the efficiency of animals. Tropical grasses have generally a lesser amount of crude protein contents. Therefore, maximum levels of production could not be achieved only from such feedstuffs that barely meet even the maintenance requirement of farm animals. Adding concentrates to poor-quality tropical hay is useful to improve intake and digestibility of grasses. The trial was conducted including, different levels of Rhodes grass hay supplementation, in TMR form. There were 3 treatments (Ctrl, Rh15 and Rh30), in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). First group was offered Rhodes grass hay and concentrate separately. Whereas Rh15 and Rh30 group was fed Rhodes grass hay in TMR form. Feed offered and refusal recorded at daily basis.
Supplementation of different levels of Rhodes grass hay did not affect the DMI in all the treatments. Body weight gain increased significantly in Rh15 group as compared to others. Body condition score and body measurements increased in Rh15 diet when compared to others. Blood urea nitrogen increased in the ctrl group than Rh15 and Rh30 group. Blood glucose level was not changed in all the treatments. Protein digestibility was improved in Rh15 group as compared to Ctrl and Rh30. The data thus collected was be analyzed through one way ANOVA procedure of SAS using Fisher’s LSD test.
The experiment helped us to determine the inclusion level of Rhodes grass hay in our local animals. As Rhodes grass is a perennial grass so its efficiency helped us during the period of shortage.
Conclusion:
Results in the present study showed that animals performed better on TMR feeding than conventional feeding. Body condition score, Body measurements and body weight gain was improved in Rh15 group as compared to Ctrl and Rh30 groups.
Suggestions and recommendations:
In future chemical treatments of Rhodes grass hay may improve nutritive value of Rhodes grass hay. Further research required to evaluate the fiber digestibility of Rhodes grass hay in small ruminants.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2565-T] (1).
5.
Effect Of Methionine And Mannan Oligosaccharides Supplementation On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Immunity And Selected Blood Metabolites In Broiler Chicken Under Conditions Of High Ambient Temperature And Humidity
by Asif Mahmood (2009-VA-379) | Dr. Muhammad Afzal Rashid | Prof. Dr. Talat Naseer Pasha | Prof. Dr. Athar Mahmud.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Poultry sector is one of the most organized and vibrant segment of agriculture sector in Pakistan and is claimed to be among the largest industries of Pakistan with over more than 200 billion rupees investment and offering employment directly or indirectly to 1.5 million people. Broilers exposed to high environmental temperature and humidity exhibit several physiological and performance related setbacks. Heat stress cause high mortality, poor FCR, reduced feed consumption, body weight gain, and visceral development. Heat stress has been linked to a decrease in intestinal immune activity and to impaired intestinal morphology following pathogenic bacteria invasion of the body through the intestinal epithelium. Nutritional manipulations with its low cost are preferred to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on performance. Nutritional strategies such as the addition of prebiotics, some amino acids e.g. methionine are reported to be beneficial in alleviating heat stress. As a nutritional intervention, synthetic methionine added to the diet has been explored as method of ameliorating the effects of ROS associated with high environmental temperature. Keeping above in view, the present study has been planned to evaluate the effect of supplementing methionine and MOS on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and immune status against ND under field conditions. In this experiment a total of n=200 day old chicks were procured from a commercial hatchery and randomly assigned to dietary treatments with n=40 chicks per treatment. Each treatment was further divided into four replicates with n=10 birds/replicate. Dietary treatments were : 1) negative control (NC) without any supplementation, 2) positive control (PC) containing antibiotic, 3) MOS supplemented (MOS) containing 800 and 400 g/ton of MOS in the starter and grower, respectively, 4) High Methionine supplemented treatment (HM) containing Methionine 1% of the diet in both starter and grower feeds, 5) Methionine and MOS supplemented (HM+MOS) treatment containing high methionine
SUMMARY
42
(1% in starter and grower) along with 800 and 400 g/ton of MOS in the starter and grower, respectively. The temperature and humidity were recorded daily at 8:00, 14:00 and 18:00 h and means were calculated to determine the daily changes in temperature humidity index. Feed intake, body weight and FCR were recorded at the end of each week. At the end of experiment n=3 birds per replicate were selected, weighed and slaughtered. At the time of slaughtering blood samples were collected in evacuated tubes. Serum was harvested after centrifugation, dived into aliquots and stored at –20 oC until further analysis. Serum samples were used to determine antibody titer against ND. At the time of slaughtering organ weighed and jejunal sample were collected to determine the gut morphology. The data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results were declared statistically significant at P < 0.05 and compared using Tukey, s multiple comparison test. The statistical analysis were carried out using SAS 9.1 (SAS Institute, 2006). Live BW was higher (P<0.05) in HM+MOS compared to NC and HM. Feed intake was higher (P<0.05) in HM+MOS and PC than those in NC. However, FCR was lowest in HM+MOS compared to NC and PC birds. Relative organ weights were similar (P>0.05) among treatments; however, bursa of fabricius was heavier in MOS compared to the NC and HM+MOS. Villus height and villus to crypt ratio was highest (P<0.05) in HM, than the NC treatment birds CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, supplementation of methionine at 1% of diet and MOS improved the weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio in birds reared under conditions of high temperature and humidity. Gut morphology of the bird also improved by supplementation of Methionine and MOS in the broiler diet.
SUMMARY
43
SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Further research is needed to re-determine the recommended levels of methionine in the diet when bird are reared under the conditions of high temperature and humidity. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2606-T] (1).
