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Detoxification Of Aflatoxins By Leaves Extract Of Indigenous Plants And Their Biological Evaluation

by Waqar Azeem (2014-VA-06) | Dr. Rahat Naseer | Dr. Shagufta Saeed | Dr. Sualeha Riffat.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Aflatoxins contamination in poultry feed is a major problem in Pakistan. It is responsible for economic loss to poultry industry and a threat to human health trough the consumption of infected meat. There are some conventional methods in use to detoxify aflatoxins from feed but they do not fully obey drug and food regulations. Plant extracts have a potential to become a cost effective and non-toxic method in this regard. Leaves extracts of various indigenous plants have the potential to detoxify aflatoxin contaminated feed and making it safe for animal consumption. Airdried leaves of neem(Azadiricha indica), kikar(Acacia nilotica) and jaman (Eugenia jambolana) were extracted in methanol and filtered to remove undissolved particles. Filtrate was evaporated to remove excess solvent and it was mixed with the already grown aflatoxin on rice from spore suspension of Aspergillusflavus. Aflatoxin levels were measured using HPLC method and percentage inhibition was calculated. Broiler chicks were divided into groups and given leaves extract treated and untreated feed accordingly. The difference between their mortality, growth rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was monitored before and after the trials. The data collected from these observations was analyzed by applying one-way analysis of variance. Use of leaves extracts for aflatoxin detoxification is a simple and cost effective detoxification method which seems to offer good prospective by detoxifying the animal feed, reducing economic losses and health related serious risks. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2621-T] (1).

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Production Of Polyhydroxybutyrate By Submerged Fermentation Using Agricultural By-Products

by Zainab Bibi (2015-VA-802) | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab | Dr. Shagufta Saeed | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Increasing non-degradable waste on planet is the major environmental concern these days. Hence, there is an absolute need of “eco-friendly” plastics. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most popular biodegradable as well as eco-friendly polymer. However, high production cost of PHB is still a major problem in the commercialization of biodegradable plastics. Process economics revealed that the use of cheap and renewable carbon substrates such as agro-industrial wastes can account for 40-50% reduction in overall production cost. In present study wheat bran, gram bran, rice bran, wheat straw and sesame oil cake were used to check PHB production using Azotobacter vinelandii NRRL-146641. For this purpose, 0.5ml inoculum was added in fermentation media and kept for incubation at 24-48 hrs. After incubation, both physical and chemical parameters such as (substrate water ratio, incubation time, inoculum volume, pH, agitation rate and nitrogen sources) were optimized. Optimized culture medium was centrifuged and obtained sediment was then used for analysis. It was found that Azotobacter vinelandii in Rice bran contained medium gives maximum yield of PHB (248mg/100mL) at 8% substrate water ratio after 96 hours of incubation period (292mg/100mL), at 1.5 mL of volume of inoculum (304 mg/100mL), at pH 6.0 (316 mg/100mL), at 160 rpm agitation rate (416mg/100ml) at 0.3 % of yeast extract (446 mg/100mL) and 0.25% (436mg/100mL) of peptone. Obtained data was then analyzed by means of ONE-WAY ANOVA and through LSD test. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2855-T] (1).

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