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Comparative Efficacy Of Different Injectable Anaesthetics In Indigenous Chicken

by Akram Khan, M | Dr.Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr.Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: Indigenous chicken are the most commonly kept domestic animals in Pakistan and there are many large collections of this species at home and farm level. The demand for their veterinary care is increasing and hence the knowledge for the current methods of their restraint and sedation has become the present need. The study was conducted on thirty clinically healthy male chickens of twelve to sixteen weeks of age and weight ranging from 1000-1200 grams. They were divided into three groups namely Group-A, B and C comprising ten chicken each. Each group was divided into subgroups i.e Al, A2, Bi, B2, & Cl, C2. To study the effect of surgical stress, castration was performed on birds of subgroup A2, B2 and 02. Birds of the three groups A, B, and C were anaesthelized with ketamine HOl @20 mg/kg body weight, kelarnine 1-101 (@ 20 mg/kg body weight) + xylazine HCL (@ 2mg/kg body weight) and ketamine HCL (@ 25 mg/kg body weight) ± Diazepam (@ 2.5 mg/kg body weight) intramuscularly, respectively. After getting anaesthesia, the effects on various body reflexes were recorded in order to assess the induction and surgical stage longevity. The time taken by Ketamine 1-101 to induce anaesthesia was 3.6±0.22 minutes. Katamine 1-IC1 induced anaesthesia persisted upto 17 ±0.88 minutes with the presence of corneal, palpebral and wing stretching reflexes. The birds took 59.5±2.90 minutes to recover. Ketamine HCI/ Xylazine HC1 took 9.6±0.58 minutes to induce anaesthesia which persisted for 30± 1.84 minutes with almost complete absence of all reflexes. The birds took 90.4±9.61 minutes to stand on their feet. Ketamine HCL/Diazepam induced anaesthesia within 5 ±0.33 minutes for 38± 1.12 minutes with almost absence of corneal, palpebral, wing stretching and mandibular tone reflexes. The birds recovered after 162.4± 10.76 minutes. The analgesia & muscle relaxation was very poor in group A as the birds of subgroup A2 exhibited severe pain and resentment when they underwent caponization. It was very good in group B & there was almost complete absence of all reflexes during surgical anaesthesia so caponization was easily performed on birds of subgroup-B2. However in group C, some birds showed unwanted movements (Excitement, shivering, backward pulling of neck) during the procedure. The results of this study clearly indicated that the combination comprising Ketamine HCI and Xylazine HC1 proved to be an ideal cocktail to induce anaesthesia in the chicken. The study also proved that combination provided maximal analgesia which is normally required for a major surgical intervention. The said combination provided excellent muscle relaxation with smooth induction and recovery. It was also concluded that cocktail consisting of Ketamine HC1 and Diazepam can effectively be recommended for minor surgical exercises. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0717,T] (1).

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Effect Of Partial And Complete Nephrectomy On Various Blood Parasmeters In Dogs

by Wasif Latif, Sh | Dr.Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr.Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr.Nisar Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: Certain diseased conditions like renal calculi, renal cyst, malignant tumors, trauma, congenital anomalies, immune mediated, genetic, aging, poisoning, bacteria, virus and parasite leads to loss of partial or complete renal activity. This loss is usually irreversible so partial or complete removal of damaged kidney is necessary to save the animal from these life threatening conditions. The present study was undertaken to ensure the effects of partial and complete nephrectomy on various blood parameters. The purpose of any surgical procedure is restoration of normal anatomy and rapid return of function. For this purpose, partial nephrectomy and complete nephrectomy was experienced in group A and B, comprising 4 animals each. Effects of both the techniques were evaluated on the basis of clinical parameters, blood chemistry, hematological findings, radiographic examination and histopathological findings. It was observed that both the techniques are effective to save the life of animal but in completely nephrectomized dogs the values observed at different intervals i.e. 1S 4th and 8th post-operative week were recorded high. Two animals from group A were kept for longer duration i.e. 4 months in which all the values were in normal limits when tested after 4 months. On the other hand, partially nephrectomized dogs in group B showed normal clinical, biochemical and hematological values at the end of experimental period i.e. 8th week. Hence, it is concluded that loss of partial or complete function of one kidney is compensated by the contra lateral organ in the presence or by removal of damaged partner. Research has proved that both the techniques (complete and partial nephrectomy) do not bring any significant change in the biochemistry of the animal so that these techniques can be tried to save the life of patient in proportion to the extent of defect. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0814,T] (1).

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Comparative Efficacy Of Intramedullary Pilling And Cerclage Wiring For The Repair Of Long Oblique Tibiotarsus Fracture In Avian

by Waqar Azeem | Dr.Muhammad Arif khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr.Asim Khalid Mahmood | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The present project was designed t find out most effective and accurate method of internal fixation in avian long oblique tibiotarsal fracture repair. For this purpose 12 indigenous chickens of both sexes were selected and randomly divided into three groups i.e. A, B and C comprising four birds each. Long oblique tibiotarsal fractures were created in either of the limb. In group A these fractures were repaired with single intramedullaiy pin. K.E. wire f 2.5mm diameter was used for this purpose. In group B, 2 - 3 full cerclage wires were applied where as both these techniques were used simultaneously in the birds of group C to achieve the goal of fracture stabilization. The birds were kept uptil 8 weeks post operatively. The fracture healing procedure was monitored on weekly basis. The birds were slaughtered at the end of experiments period and postmortem examination was conducted to see the gross lesion over the fracture site. The data thus obtained from the results revealed that the use of single intra medullaiy pin along with 2 - 3 full cerciage wire application showed an excellent and smooth healing potential for the repair of long oblique tibiotarsal fracture. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0828,T] (1).

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