1.
Comparative Study On The Performance Of Male And Female Parent Meat Lines With Commercial Broilers Of Hubbard
by Javed Hassan Hashmi | Dr.Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Prof. Dr. Muhammed Aslam Chaudry.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The present study was planned to compare male and female progeny of the opposite male and female grand parent meat line breeders of Hubbard strains with commercial broiler chicks of the same strain.
The objective of the study was to ascertain the genetic potential for the growth of these three different lines and their use as a commercial broilers.
The following observations were recorded for the each strain:
1. Mean feed consumption.
2. Mean weekly body weight.
3. Mean feed efficiency.
4. Mean dressing percentage
5. Mortality (if any)
6. Economics of meat production.
All the three groups i.e. A, B and C were reared in the brooder batteries under optimal environmental conditions. Same rations (starter and finisher) were fed to all the groups.
The statistical analysis of data revealed that feed consumption and body weight were higher in group B having female chicks of the male (sire) line of Hubbard strain, and non significant differences were observed in feed efficiency and dressing percentage among the groups.
The economic evaluation of all the three groups for meat production showed that the birds of group B having female chicks of male grand parent line proved to be the most economical.
Recommendations: Male and female progeny of the opposite male and female grand parent lines can be used as commercial broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0484,T] (1).
2.
Performance Of Broilers On Diets Having Different Levels Of Protein While Possessing Adequate Amount Of Critical Amino Acids
by Mirza Yousaf Baig | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Nisar Ahmed Mian | Dr.Muhammed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This experiment was designed to study the effects of different protein levels while maintaining the level of critical amino acids adequate as per requirement. Six broiler starter diets SA, SB, SC, SD. SE & SP containing crude protein 22, 21.5, 21, 20.5, 20 or 19.5%, respectively and metabolizable energy 3100 kcal/kg and six broiler finisher diets PA, Fl3, FC. FD, Fl & FF containing crude protein 19. 18.5, 18, 17.5, 17 or 16.5%, respectively and metabolizable energy 3200 kcal/kg were prepared. The critical amino acids (lysine, methiomne + cystine, tryptophan, arginine & threonine) in all rations were kept at least at recommended level. 240 clay old Hubbard broiler chicks of approximately similar weight were randomly (livided into six equal groups A, B, C, D, E & F. Each group was subdivided into four replicates, each comprising of 10 chicks. These groups were fed ad libitum on above mentioned starter diets from 0 to 4th week and on finisher diets during 5th and 6th week.
The results showed that feed consumption was increased (P<0.05) during finisher phase, 4th and 5th week at lower protein levels in feed. There was no difference (P>0.1) of feed consumption among various groups during the rest of experimental period. Weight gain of all groups from 0 to 6th week was similar (P>0.23). However, during first week the chicks fed on 22% protein level gained more weight (P<0.05). During second week results were inconsistent while (luring fourth week the chicks fed on Iower protein level gained similar weight as compared to the higher protein groups.
The FCR of groups A, 13, C & F during starter phase and A, 13, ( I) & E during finisher phase was not different (P>O.05) which Shows that crude protein level in starter and finisher diet could he reduced to 19.5 & 17%, respectively while maintaining the critical amino acid level as per requirement. However, during first week the FCR of chicks fed on 22% protein was lower (P<O.05) than that of others, which indicate (hat during first week protein level should not be lower than 22%. The protein intake and protein efficiency ratio were not different (P>O.O5) among different groups during starter and finisher phases.
Dressing percentage of different groups was not different (P>O.29). Percentages of gizzard, liver and heart weight were also similar (P>O.22) among different groups. Mortality rate during total experimental period was less than 3% and no significant difference of mortality was observed among the different groups.
The economic appraisal proved that during starter phase net cash flow increased at lower protein diets while during finisher phase the net cash flow decreased greatly in the last two group E & F'. It revealed that in finisher ration reduction of crude protein level below 17.5% on which group E & F were maintained was not economical. Theses results were confirmed by realistic feed cost values.
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3.
Effect Of Cold Shock On Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa Of Buffalo & Cow Bulls
by Syed Amer Mahmood | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmed | Dr.Azhar | Dr.Muhammed Amir Saeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Effect of cold-shock on frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa was measured in terms of motility, viability, plasma membrane and acrosome . integrity. Single ejaculates each from seven Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls and 7 Sahiwal cow bulls were processed for freezing. Three straws of 0.5ml (for each parameter) from each bull were thawed and pooled at 3rC before and after cold-shock at 4°C for 2 min. Individual motility was observed by phase contrast microscope before and after cold-shock. Before and after cold-shock, sperm viability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity were evaluated by supravital stain, hypo osmotic swelling test and normal acrosomal reaction, respectively. Two hundred sperm were counted for each parameter before and after cold-shock. Comparison of before and after cold shock values showed that cold shock had no effect (P>0.05) on motility (64.0±1.88 vs 60.4±2.56), viability (141.1±4.39 vs 124.5±8.03), plasma membrane integrity (83.51±5.82 vs 71.19±4.31) and acrosome integrity (148.3±2.36 vs 141.1 ±2.85) of buffalo bull spermatozoa. Comparison of before and after cold shock values of cow bull spermatozoa indicated that cold shock had significant (P<0.05) effect on motility (59.2±1.05 vs 41.9±.12), viability (140: 14±2.94 vs 90.5±2.73), and plasma membrane integrity (62.3±4.28 vs 47.24±3.71) but no effect on acrosome integrity (147.9±2.21 vs 140.6±2.40). In conclusion, cold shock had significant detrimental effect on cattle bull spermatozoa but no effect on buffalo bull spermatozoa.
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4.
Effect Of Osmotic Pressure On The Membrane Integrity Of Frozen-Thawed Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa
by Muhammed Irfan-Rehman Khan | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmed | Dr.Azhar | Dr.Muhammed Mushtaq | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: In the first experiment, semen from seven Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls was used to study plasma membrane integrity of freshly collected (raw) and frozen-thawed sperm using the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). For this purpose, percentage motility, integrity of plasma membrane and acrosome was assessed by a phase contrast microscope, HOST plus eosin-nigrosin staining and normal apical ridge test. respectively. 50fJI each of raw and frozen-thawed semen was mixed with 500fJI of 50, 100, 150, 190 or 250 mOsm hypo-osmotic treatments of sodium citrate plus fructose and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Integrity of sperm plasma membrane was assessed before and after hypo-osmotic treatments to estimate the extent of damage for each hypo-osmotic treatment. In raw semen, the number of swollen sperm was higher (P<0.05) at 50, 100, 150 and 190 mOsm as compared to 250 mOsm. A positive but non-significant correlation (P>0.05) was found between percentage of swollen and live sperm at 100, 150, 190 mOsm. Similarly, a positive but non-significant correlation (P>0.05) was found between percentage of swollen sperm and motility at 50, 100, 150, 190 and 250 mOsm. In frozen-thawed semen, the number of swollen sperm w.as higher (P<0.05) at 50 and 100 mOsm as compared to 150, 190 and 250 mOsm and this number decreased significantly (P<0.05) and gradually from 82.6±5.99 at 150 mOsm to 69.7±5.49 at 190 mOsm and 42.6±4.07 at 250 mOsm. A positive but non-significant correlation (P>0.05) was found between percentage of swollen and live sperm and between percentage of swollen sperm and motility at 50, 100 150, 190 and 250 mOsm. The number of sperm with intact acrosome did not differ (P>0.05) in raw and frozen-thawed semen among treatments. Percentag~ motility in raw semen was highe~' (81%) as compared to frozen-thawed semen (60%). Damage to plasma membrane'was higher (P<0.05) at 50 mOsm (59% raw vs. 70% frozen-thawed) as, compared to other hypo-osmotic treatments, while minimum damage occurred at 250 mOsm (4.1% raw vs. 9.7% frozen-thawed). In the second experiment, hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) plus eosin-,nigrosin staining and normal apical ridge test (NAR) were used to determine integrity of plasma membrane and acrosome of raw, diluted (cooled to 5°C) and frozen-thawed sperm. Semen from seven bulls was used in this study. For diluted and frozen-thawed sperm, three straws were pooled at 37°C. Percentage motility of raw, diluted and frozen-thawed sperm was assessed using a phase contrast microscope. 501-11 each of raw, diluted and frozen-thawed sperm was mixed with 5001-11 of 50, 100, 150, 150, 190 or 250 mOsm hypo-osmotic treatments of sodium citrate plus fructose and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Total number of intact (live) sperm of raw, diluted and frozen-thawed semen was assessed before HOST. Diluted sperm showed higher (P<0.05) swellings of plasma membrane at 50
and 100 mOsm than raw sperm. Similarly, swellings of diluted sperm were' higher (P<0.05) than frozen-thawed sperm. Swellings of raw sperm were significantly higher (P<0.05) at 100, 150, 190 and 250 mOsm than frozenthawed sperm. A significant decrease (P<0.05) was found among percentage motility of raw (81±1.57), diluted (69.6±2.24) and frozen thawed (60.1 ±1.34) sperm. Live sperm were higher (P<0.05) in raw (174.4±7.33) and diluted semen (175.6±3.76) as compared to frozen-thawed semen (142.3±4.84). Although integrity of the acrosome of raw, diluted and frozen-thawed sperm did not differ (P>0.05), significan~ variation was found within bulls. In conclusion, fresh and frozen-thawed sperm behaved differently to HOST and the number of swollen sperm was higher in raw as compared to frozenthawed semen. Plasma membrane' integrity of raw and diluted sperm was compromised during freezing and thawing. However, freezing had no effect on acrosome integrity. Moreover, 100, 150 and 190. mOsm were found suitable to perform HOST.
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5.
Study Of Hypoglycemic & Antihyperlipidemic Effect Of Ethanolic Extract Of Gymnema Sylvestre
by Shagufta Perveen | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Muhammed Ovais Omer | Muhammed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar booti) is a herb native to the tropical forests of southern and central India. This project was designed to study the hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre in alloxan induced diabetes in rabbits. For this purpose thirty rabbits were divided into six groups i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F having 5 rabbits in each group. Group A was taken as control and no treatment was given to control group. Group B was taken as control group for hyperlipidemia and it was treated with cholesterol powder at a rate of 600mg/Kg body weight orally daily for 15 days. Group C was treated with cholesterol powder at a rate of 600mg/Kg body weight orally daily to produce hyperlipidemia after 5 days this Group was treated with ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestreat at a rate of 400mg/Kg body weight orally daily for 15 days. In other groups diabetes were induced by treating them with alloxan at a rate of 150mg/Kg body weight intravenously into the marginal ear vein. The rabbits were monitored for a week for the development of diabetes by measuring glucose level, then they were treated. The Group D was taken as diabetic control group. Group E was treated with glibenclamide at a rate of 600p.g/kg body weight orally for 15 days. Group F was given ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre at a rate of 400mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. After the administration of ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre, the animal was held in the wooden holder and 2 ml of the blood was obtained from the juglar vein with the help of syringe and serum glucose level and different biochemical parameters of lipid profile were estimated with the help of a UV-spectrophotometer. The samples were collected at 0, 5, 10 and 15 days. On the basis of results it was concluded that ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre has a significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rabbits and their effect was comparable to that of gilbenclamide. Therefore, this medicinal plant is considered to be effective and alternative treatment for diabetes. Ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre also has a significant antihyperlipidemic effect.
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6.
Role Of Herbal Polysaccharides As Immunomodulator
by Muhammed Zafar | Dr.Aftab Anjum | Dr.Muhammed Imran Najeeb | Prof.Dr.Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Compared to the birds in vaccinated groups that were kept without feeding Livol, the sera of the NDV vaccinated birds kept on Livol had higher antibody titers on day 42.amongst various treatment groups the highest Haemagluttination-Inhibtion titers was recorded in group C feed with Livol treated birds as compared to the other groups. The hematological parameters observed i.e. Packed Cell Volume, Hemoglobin and Total Leukocyte Count were higher in group C2 and C3 than in Group Cl, which shows that increasing Livol concentration have increased the above said parameters. The higher concentrations of Livol (Herbal Polysaccharides) have increased body weight gain than the birds fed with low concentrations of Livol (Herbal Polysaccharides). Treatment related changes in body weight, organ body weight ratio of thymus; spleen and Bursa of fabricius were also observed amongst the various groups. The addition of Livol (Herbal Polysaccharides feed to diminished the adverse/immunosuppressive effects of different vaccine on antibody titers against Newcastle and most relative organ weights. These findings suggested that Livol (Herbal Polysaccharide) can effectively stimulate/enhance the body weight gain, immunity in broiler chicks and Livol (Herbal Polysaccharides) can be potential ameliorator against various vaccines and its adverse/suppressive effects in broiler chicks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1065,T] (1).
