1.
Chemoprophylactic Trials Against Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea And The Study Of Relevant Haematological & Serological
by Muzaffar Hussain Bukhari, Syed | Dr.M.Athra Khan | Dr.M.Sarwar Khan | Dr.Sameera | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The economy of Pakistan depends upon its live stock population production. The present situation does not match this fact due to high calimortality rate due to infective agents in animals. The mortality rate is significantly higher in the neonates primarily due to neonatal calf diarrhoea.
As the management of neonates is usually not upto the mark and the health of calf is further endangered by the lack of laboratory diagnostic facilities and veterinary medical services at the village level. The present project was designed to solve the problem of our masses which was assume to study the effect of various chemoprophylactic agents against neonatal calf diarrhoea and the study of hematological, serological and bacteriological parameters.
For the present study thirty neonates were subjected through systematic random sampling for the comparative efficacy of colimune ora, cosumix plus, streptomagma, N.M.K. powder and biovct and their effect on haemotological, serological and microbiological parameters was studied. None of the animal manifested any clinical sign like diarrhoea, dehydration, scpteccmia or any of the organism was isolated from the fecal samples, which shows that all the drugs worked well prophylactically against neonatal calf diarrhoea. Only one out of five calves in group A (colirnune ora) died 48 hours after its birth. Postmortem rcpors revealed that there was a lot of fluid accumulation in gastero intestinal tract.
The present project was conducted at the Animal Nutrition centre, Rakh Dera Chahi, Lahore.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0601,T] (1).
2.
Post Vaccinal, Observation In Lymphoidal, Organs (Bursa, Spleen, Thymus) Of Broiler Chicks Inoculated
by Shajeela Irum | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral infection of chickens, causing degeneration of bursa of Fabricius and producing suppression in humoral immune response. Different vaccines are available in the market for mass scale immunization of chickens. Some contain more virulent and invasive strains than the others. Since the primary site of infection and inducement of lesions by IBDV is the hursa of Fabricius, the effect on the immune system may be significantly suppressive. This study compared two intermediate (228-E and BUR 706) and a mild (Gumborol CT) vaccinal strains of IBDV in terms of their ability to induce an antibody response and to cause damage to different lymphoid organs in chickens.
A total of 250 chicks (divided into 4 groups) were vaccinated with different strains of IBDV and the antibody levels were monitored using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test every week post-vaccination upto 5 weeks. IHA revealed that the vaccinated with 228-E or BUR-706 had significantly higher antibody titers (GMT 8.0, 7.7, respectively) as compared to Gumborol CT vaccinated birds (GMT 3.0) on 35 days post-inoculation, On day 25 post-vaccination, some birds from each group were challenged with a fully virulent field strain of IBDV, to study whether the antibody levels were protective than the unvaccinated ones. Furthermore intermediate strains were found to be more damaging to the bursae and spleens than the milder one since lower bursal and splenic body weight ratios were recorded in them.
The study suggested the use of intermediate strains a vaccine since they induced high antibody titers as compared to that of the milder strain. However, more invasive and pathogenic intermediate strains used in this study caused more damage to the lymphoid organs harbouring B cells. So the need exists for an effective infectious bursal disease vaccine, low in virulence, which could be applied by a mass vaccination in chickens conferring excellent protection against the disease with minimum immunosuppressive effects.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0606,T] (1).
3.
Studies On Duration Of Maternally Derived Antibodies Against Pasteurella Multocida In Cow Calves
by Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Dr.Shakil Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Haemorrhagic septicaemia, an important bacterial disease of buffaloes and cattle results due to infection of Pasteurella multocida. Undoubtedly improved management practices and regular vaccination programme has significantly contributed to lowering the incidence of the disease in our country, however, presently the outbreaks are mostly experienced in young animals, especially, calves (Sheikh et at., 1996). The present project was designed to have an idea regarding the actual period for which maternally derived antibodies were able to afford protection against any possible challenge of the infection. The study was conducted on thirty pregnant, randomly selected Sahiwal breed of cattle, maintained at Livestock Production and Research Institute, Okara. The serum samples of the vaccinated pregnant cows were collected before parturition and before the feeding of colostrum to young one. The serum samples of the calves were collected once before taking colostrum immediately after parturition and the subsequent samples were collected six hours, 72 hours, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days after consuming colostrum. The processing of the samples for the detection of specific antibodies against P. multocida was carried out through Indirect Haemagglutination. As the dams were vaccinated they showed a high antibody titre.
The starting result was the presence of antibodies in the serum of calves without the consumption of colostrums indicating the transfer of antibodies through the placenta from the dam's blood to the calf. The highest titre in the calves was recorded between 15 to 30 days of life and ultimately it dropped to zero at the age of 60 day after the consumption of colostrums.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0625,T] (1).
4.
Determination Of Protective Level Of Specific Antibodies Against Pasteurella Multocida In Vaccinated Cattle
by Shahid Nasir | Dr.Muhammad Aamin Sheikh | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was conducted on cattle to determine the protective level of specific antibodies against Pasteurella multocida. In this experiment a total of 50 animals were used, maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRI), Bahadarnagar, 0 kara. Fifty animals were vaccinated with alum precipitated formalized broth culture bacterin vaccine procured from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore with a dose rate of 5 ml subcutaneously per animal.
rrhirty of fifty animals randomly were bled for collection of their serum sample on day 0 i.e. before vaccination and thereafter every two weeks post-vaccination till 16 weeks of vaccination are covered. The serum were processed for knowing the specific antibodies against Pasteurella multocida at various stages post- vaccination by IHA test.
The protective level of the specific antibodies against a challenge inoculum of virulent strain of P. multocida Robert's type-I was determined by passive mouse protection (PMP) test. The sera representing each titre of specific antibodies against P.multocida were used for passive immunization of 30 mice prior to their challenge.
GMT value on day 0 i.e. before vaccination was 22.6. The maximum 104 GMT registered on 42' day post-vaccination. Thereafter a decline in titre commenced and titres recorded for 8th 10th, 12th 14th and 16th week post-vaccination included 97, 64, 32,
21.1 and 14.9, respectively.
The sera with indirect haemagglutination (IHA) titre of 1:16 and above protected 100% of the challenged mice and with IHA titre 1:8, 80% protection and sera with IHA titre of 1:4 and below could not survive and 100% mortality was observed and all control mice died in response to challenge.
The maximum individual titre developed was found to be 1:256 and minimum individual titre was found to be 1:4 . The result of this study indicated a great relationship in IHA and PMP tests.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0631,T] (1).
5.
Studies On Stress Induced Effects In Broilers Following Vaccination (Nobilis Ma5 + Clone 30) Against Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle Disease
by Saima Irum Syed | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Sameera | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: This study was intended to detect the stress induced by live, freezed-dried vaccine against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis disease viruses in broilers and to determine the comparative efficacy of vitamins and aspirin to combat it. One hundred and sixty day-old chicks were divided into four group i.e. A, B, C and D having 40 birds each. The birds were kept for 42 days after vaccination with Nobilis Ma5+Clone 30 by eye-droppings on 1st and 22nd day of age. Chicks from group A was kept as control. Group B was given vaccine and no treatment. Group C was given vaccine and only vitamins (Vety Stress-Check). Group D was given vaccine and only aspirin. Ten birds from all groups were randomly selected to collect the serum samples from blood on 1st, 14th, 28th and 42nd day of antibody titre determination.
The following parameters were studied (1) antibody response against Newcastle disease vaccine, (ii) Serum bio-chemical substances (Total serum protein, glucose and cholesterol), (iii) Heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio, (iv) Adrenal/body weight ratio (v) Gross histopathology of adrenal glands and (vi) the economics of the flock.
The live virus Newcastle disease vaccine had no significant stressor effect on any of the above parameters. However, use of vitamins played vital role in combating the vaccination stress, because it showed immuno competent effect and also positive trend in growth traits. That is why this group showed better economic value than the rest of the groups. The effect of Aspirin was also variable.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0653,T] (1).
6.
Studies On Stress Induced Effects In Broilers Following Vaccination (Hydro Poultry) Against Hydropericadium
by Gulbeena Saleem | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The project was aimed at determining the vaccination stress follow hydropericardium syndrome vaccine (hydro-poultry vaccine, simple vaccine; Adenovirus type-4 Pak) by subcutaneous route under wing at 12th day of age and comparative efficacy of multivitamins and aspirin to combat it. One hundred and seventy day old broiler chicks were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D having 40 birds each. Ten-day old broiler chicks were used for collection of blood sample by cardiac puncture for detection of maternal antibody titre. Birds were kept for the period of 42 days. The birds of group A served as unvaccinated, unchallenged control. Group B was given vaccine and no treatment. Group C was given vaccine and multivitamins for 3 days post-vaccination group D was given vaccine and aspirin for 3 days post vaccination. Blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected birds from each group at different post vaccination (Against HPS) periods i.e. 24, 48 and 72 hrs for serum biochemical analysis and 10 birds from each group at 14th 28th ad 42' days for determining antibody response against hydropericardium syndrome. 10 birds of each group were slaughtered on 42 days for collection of adrenal glands. The following parameters were studied (1) determination of heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (ii) estimation of serum biochemical analysis (Total Serum Protein, serum glucose, serum cholesterol). (iii) determination of adrenal body weight ratio (iv) gross pathological and histopathological examination of adrenal glands (v) estimation of antibody response against hydropericardi um syndrome vaccine. Inactivated virus vaccine against hydropericardium was unable to induce any stress in broiler chicks and the above mentioned parameters can act as good indicators for detection of vaccination stress to some extent. Multivitamins played a minor role in improving the condition of bird whereas, aspirin did not seems to be much effective in this study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0707,T] (1).
7.
Studies On Comparative Efficacy Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccines In Buffalo Calves
by Hassan, M | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Dr.Masood Rabbani | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: A total of eighty buffalo calves maintained at Livestock Production and Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara were immunized againt HS vaccines. Alum precipitated HS vaccines were procured from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore, Hira Pharmaceuticals (HPL), Lahore and Sindh Poultry Vaccine (SPy), Karachi. The oil based HS vaccine was procured from Nuclear Institute of Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad. The immune status of animals were studied using indirect haemaggluti nation test (lilA) and mouse protection test. The sera of the animals were examined for lilA titres on day zero (before vaccination) and thereafter on 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th, 75th and 90th day post vaccination.
All the test gave zero titre on day 0. A very poor immune response (GMT 2.1, 4.3, 2.8 and 2.1 for vaccines of NIAB, VRI, HPL and SPy, respectively) was observed on 15th day post vaccination. Maximum IHA geometric mean titres alutu precipitated vaccines of VRI, IIPL and SPV GMT 64, 64 and 52, respectively were recorded on 45th day post vaccination. Thereafter a decline in the titre commenced and titre recorded on 90th day for VRI, HPL and SPV were GMT 22.6, 22.6 and 14.9, respectively. The sera of animal vaccinated with oil based HS vaccine of NIAB showed high antibody titer than alum precipitated HS vaccines. The increase in antibody titre was gradual upto 90th day post vaccination. The IHA GMT was 73.3 on 45th day post-vaccination but titer was increased upto 90.5 on 90th day post vaccination. The sera having IHA titre of 1:16 and above protected 100% of challenged mice. The sera having titre 1:8 protected 80% challenged mice, but the scm with lilA titre 1:4 conferred no protection to the passively immunized mice. Furthermore, control animals lost their lives in response to challenge inoculum as 100% mortality was recorded. A strong relationship between IHA Litre and mouse protection test was found. The oil based HS vaccine gave better and long lasting immunity upto a period of 90 days. The alum precipitated vaccines gave a dismal picture and necessitates attempt for its improvement and switching over to other vaccines which may give long lasting immunity.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0725,T] (1).
8.
Immunomodulatory Effects Of Multistrain Probiotic (Protexin)Tm On Broiler Chickens Vaccinated Against Infectious Bursal Disese Virus
by Shamoon Nseem | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: A project was conducted to study the immunomodulatory effects of multistrain probiotic (ProtexinTM) on broiler chickens vaccinated against infectious bursal disease virus. ProtexinTM was offered in feed to the broiler chickens from day 1 to day 49 of age. The parameters used to evaluate the effects of ProtexinTM on broiler chicks were body weight gain, FOR, weight of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen and immune response to IBDV vaccination, overall mortality and post virulent IBD challenge mortality and morbidity. The results showed that the ProtexinTM treated groups had high live body weight gain than the ProtexinTM non treated groups. Similarly, the feed conversion ratio of ProtexinTM treated groups was lower than the ProtexinTM non treated groups. The results showed that the ProtexinTM had no significant effect on the bursal body weight ratio, spleenic body weight ratio and thymic body weight ratio. The mean ELISA antibody titers of probiotic treated groups were significantly higher than that of chicken receiving no probiotic. No post challenge morbidity and mortality was recorded in ProtexinTM treated groups but negligible overall morbidity and mortality was recorded in ProtexinTM groups as compared to untreated groups% Furthermore, birds fed on probiotic (ProtexinTM) resulted in maximum profit and were proved economical.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0788,T] (1).
9.
Factors Effecting Activity Of Haemagglutinin Of Avian Influenza (H9 Type)Virus
by Asifa Rasool Bhatti | Dr.Sameera Akthar | Dr shakeel | Dr.Kushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Avian influenza virus (AIV) was propagated in 09-day-old chicken embryonated eggs and after 72 hours post incubation the AAF and CAM were harvested and AIV was confirmed by spot agglutination test and agar gel precipitation test.
The AIV (H9 type) agglutinated red blood cells from chicken, dog, horse, parrot, pigeon, guinea pig, buffalo and human blood group O but it did not agglutinate the RBC's from sheep and rabbit. The
virus gave HA titer of 1:512 when RBC's from chicken, human blood group O÷ve and dog were used. Phosphate buffer saline, haemagglutination, inhibition buffer and 0.5% peptone water when used with chicken RBC's (0.5 and 1%) resulted in similar HA titer 1:512. However HA titer of the virus was low (1:256) when normal saline was used as a diluent.
AIV agglutinated 0.5% and 1% chicken RBC's in 35 and 25 minutes respectively and both concentrations of RBC's gave similar HA titer (1:512) in the presence of Phosphate buffer saline, haemagglutination, inhibition buffer and 0.5% peptone water. However AIV with normal saline and 0.5% and 1% chicken RBC's gave a lower HA titer of 1:256 in 35 and 25 minutes.
It was also found that RBC's concentration of 0.1% did not result in any agglutination by the virus, even after 60 minutes.
Storage of AIV at either 4°C or -20°C did not affect its hemaggitination activity in 6 months. However storage at 37°C resulted in loss of hemagglutination activity after 4 months. Storage at room temperature also resulted in loss of HA but at a lower pace as appended to 37°C temperature. However, vaccines prepared from the alliquotes stored at different temperature did not different in terms of antibody response (HI titer of GMT 137.2) indicating that the loss of hemagglutination activity did not corresponds with loss of immunogencity.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0831,T] (1).
10.
Potential Of Rice Husk And Rice Husk Ash For The Removal Of Malachite Green
by Nargis AfZAL (2011-VA-354) | Dr. Rahat Naseer | Dr.Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr.Sameera Akhtar.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Potential Of Rice Husk And Rice Husk Ash For The Removal Of Malachite Green Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2852-T] (1).
