1.
Effects Of Two Anticoccidial Drugs With And Without Supplementation Of Vitamins On The Immune System Of Broiler Chickens
by Nazim ud Din | Dr.Khalid Munir Ch | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This project was designed to investigate the effects of two anticoccidials Ampisol 20% and Esb3 30% with and without supplementation of vitamins (A, D3, E and K3 as "Symodek") on the immune system of broiler chickens. To evaluate such effects the parameters used for study were; effects, on the weights of immuno regulatory organs (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and liver), organ body weight indices, histopathology of primary lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and thymus), total and differential leukocytic counts, total serum protein, albumin globulin ratio and immune response to Newcastle disease virus vaccination. A total of 120 chicks, divided into 5 equal groups viz A to E were reared for 42 days. Groups A, B, C, and D were medicated with, Ampisol 20%, Ampisol 20% + Symodek, Esb3 30%, and Esb3 30% + Symodek, respectively while group E was kept as control(no drug medication). All the birds were vaccinated with ND virus vaccine on day 7th and day 2 1st. All the medication, was done through drinking water at the recommended prophylactic dosage levels.
The study revealed that Ampisol 20% had favourable effects on the weights of immunoregulatory organs, and organ (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and liver):bodyweight indices. Esb3 30% had negative effects on these parameters.
Histological studies of primary lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and thymus) revealed no detrimental effects of different medications except in birds of group C and D given Esb3 30% or Esb3 30% + Symodek, where slight degenerative changes were noted in bursae and thymi.
On day 42 the mean TLC values were slightly lower in birds medicated with Esb3 30% as compared to birds which received Ampisol 20%. On day 42 the mean lymphocytic percentages were higher in groups medicated with Arnpisol 20% as compared to those given Esb3 30%. Vitamins supplementation exerted favourable effects on TLC and DLC values. This study further indicated that mean total serum protein (TSP), mean serum albumin, mean serum globulin and mean A/G ratios were higher in birds medicated Ampisol 20%, than those medicated Esb3 30%. Vitamin supplementation had augmenting effects on these values. On day 28, 35 and 42 the antibody titres in birds medicated with Ampisol 20% were higher than those given Esb3 30%. Vitamin supplementation exerted augmenting effects on the antibody titres.
It is concluded that Ampisol 20% had no immunosuppressive effects rather it exerted favourable effects on the weights of immunoregulatory organs, rpp albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, DLC and HI antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus. Esb3 30% moderately depressed the aforesaid components of immune system. The present study also revealed that vitamins (A, D3, E, K3) supplementation to anticoccidials improved the immune response of birds. However, there is a need for further investigation in this regard, with special reference to immune system of broiler chickens.
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2.
Effects Of Formalinized And Oil Based Hydropericardium Syndrome Vaccines On Haematology & Immunocompetent
by Zafar Abbas | Dr.Javed Rashid | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This study was designed to find out the effects on haematology (Hb, TLC and DLC), immune response (against NDV vaccine) and on organ body weight indices (liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus) in broiler chickens when given two different HPS vaccines (Formalinized and oil-based HPS vaccines). Morbid livers of chickens affected with naturally occurred hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) were collected from field outbreaks to prepare the HPS vaccines and inoculum. Sixty broiler chicks were divided into three groups (A, B and C), comprising of 20 chicks in each on 10th day of experiment. At 14th day of age, chickens of groups A and B were given f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines, while group C was kept as unvaccinated control. On 28th day of age chickens of groups A, B and C were challenged with HPS inoculum. To study the effects of f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines, blood samples were collected on 12th (pre-vaccination), 26th (postvaccination) and 35th (post-challenge) day of experiment.
Haematological study revealed that f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines had no significant effects on haemoglobin concentration in groups A and B, but its concentration decreased significantly on 35th day in control group-C. Whereas TLC values increased significantly on 26th and 35th day in groups A and B, but decreased significantly on 35th day in group-C. DLC value revealed that there was relative lymphocytosis and heterpenia on 26th and 35th day in groups A and B, whereas eosinophilia on 35th day. While in control group-C there was lymphopenia and eosinopenia along with hetrophHia on 35th day. Antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus vaccine indicated that there was no significant difference in'GMHI titre values among the groups A, B and C. Results of organ body weight indices indicated that in control group-C (unvaccinated) indices of liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were significantly higher than those of groups A and B, whereas no effect was observed on thymic body weight index among groups A, B and C.
The results of this study suggested that f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines had no significant effect on Hb concentration, TLC and DLC values. No significant immuno-modulatory effect was noted on antibody titre against NDV vaccine of these HPS vaccines, whereas significant effect was noted on organ body weight indices of livers, spleen and bursa of Fabricius in group-C as compared to vaccinated groups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0582,T] (1).
3.
Studies On Duration Of Maternally Derived Antibodies Against Pasteurella Multocida In Cow Calves
by Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Dr.Shakil Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Haemorrhagic septicaemia, an important bacterial disease of buffaloes and cattle results due to infection of Pasteurella multocida. Undoubtedly improved management practices and regular vaccination programme has significantly contributed to lowering the incidence of the disease in our country, however, presently the outbreaks are mostly experienced in young animals, especially, calves (Sheikh et at., 1996). The present project was designed to have an idea regarding the actual period for which maternally derived antibodies were able to afford protection against any possible challenge of the infection. The study was conducted on thirty pregnant, randomly selected Sahiwal breed of cattle, maintained at Livestock Production and Research Institute, Okara. The serum samples of the vaccinated pregnant cows were collected before parturition and before the feeding of colostrum to young one. The serum samples of the calves were collected once before taking colostrum immediately after parturition and the subsequent samples were collected six hours, 72 hours, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days after consuming colostrum. The processing of the samples for the detection of specific antibodies against P. multocida was carried out through Indirect Haemagglutination. As the dams were vaccinated they showed a high antibody titre.
The starting result was the presence of antibodies in the serum of calves without the consumption of colostrums indicating the transfer of antibodies through the placenta from the dam's blood to the calf. The highest titre in the calves was recorded between 15 to 30 days of life and ultimately it dropped to zero at the age of 60 day after the consumption of colostrums.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0625,T] (1).
4.
Studies On Stress Induced Effects In Broilers Following Vaccination (Nobilis Ma5 + Clone 30) Against Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle Disease
by Saima Irum Syed | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Sameera | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: This study was intended to detect the stress induced by live, freezed-dried vaccine against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis disease viruses in broilers and to determine the comparative efficacy of vitamins and aspirin to combat it. One hundred and sixty day-old chicks were divided into four group i.e. A, B, C and D having 40 birds each. The birds were kept for 42 days after vaccination with Nobilis Ma5+Clone 30 by eye-droppings on 1st and 22nd day of age. Chicks from group A was kept as control. Group B was given vaccine and no treatment. Group C was given vaccine and only vitamins (Vety Stress-Check). Group D was given vaccine and only aspirin. Ten birds from all groups were randomly selected to collect the serum samples from blood on 1st, 14th, 28th and 42nd day of antibody titre determination.
The following parameters were studied (1) antibody response against Newcastle disease vaccine, (ii) Serum bio-chemical substances (Total serum protein, glucose and cholesterol), (iii) Heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio, (iv) Adrenal/body weight ratio (v) Gross histopathology of adrenal glands and (vi) the economics of the flock.
The live virus Newcastle disease vaccine had no significant stressor effect on any of the above parameters. However, use of vitamins played vital role in combating the vaccination stress, because it showed immuno competent effect and also positive trend in growth traits. That is why this group showed better economic value than the rest of the groups. The effect of Aspirin was also variable.
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5.
Detection Of Stress Following Vaccination (Eimeria Vaccine) Against Coccidiosis In Broilers
by Asghar Ali | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Haji Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The present project was designed to detect the stress following vaccination (Eimeria Vaccine) against coccidiosis in broilers and its management by using multivitamins and aspirin. In this study a total of 160 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups designated as A, B, C and D Group A was kept as non vaccinated, non treated control and group B was vaccinated against coccidiosis but no other treatment was given. While group C and D were vaccinated against coccidiosis and treated with multivitamins vitamins and aspirin respectively.
The parameters studied were heterophil/lymnphocyte ratio, total serum protein, serum glucose, serum cholesterol estimation, for three consecutive post vaccination days. At the end of experiment, on 42nd day, adrenal gland body weight ratio and histopatholor of adrenal gland was performed to assess any change.
In our experiment there was no statistical significant difference among different groups. 1-lowever, group C which was given multivitamins showed maximum weight gain and minimum stress, while the aspirin therapy to the group D did not show any difference with group A and B.
In the adrenal body weight ratio, there was also no significant difference among different groups. No gross and histopathological changes were seen in any group.
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6.
Management Of Vaccinal (Nobilis Gumboro D-78) Stress In Broiler Chicks
by Amir Qadeer Nizami | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: This project was planned to know the effects of vaccinal stress by infectious bursal disease (IBD) live virus vaccine (D-78) strain and to determine the methods by certain compounds to overcome the stress. Three hundred and thirty (330) day-old birds were reared upto 42 days. Ten birds out of 330 were slaughtered at zero day of the experiment, for estimation of maternal antibody titre. The remaining 320 birds were randomly divided into four equal groups i.e., A, B, C and D. Group A was kept as control. Group B was vaccinated but non-medicated, Group C was vaccinated and treated with vitamins for three post-vaccination days and group D was vaccinated and treated with aspirin for three post-vaccination days. Blood samples were collected on days 14th, 28th and 42nd for detection of antibody titer against IBD. Blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected birds of each group after 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day postvaccination. In this project following parameters were studied (i) estimation of serum biochemical substances, (ii) heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio, (iii) estimation of antibody response against IBD vaccine (iv) adrenal gland body weight index, (v) pathological studies
of adrenal glands and (vi) economics of the flock.
It was analyzed whether this management was an economical procedure or not by estimating the expenses, on raising the management of these stressed birds with aspirin and vitamin. It was estimated that aspirin and vitamin both check the stress to a certain extent. The birds expressed vaccination stress for variable period ranging from 1-2 days post-vaccination. In field conditions whether the flock is small or large aspirin and vitamins can be therapeutically given to control the stress and these two agents are not expensive, so they do not have any marked effect on economics of any flock.
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7.
Study On Naturtal Quine Strongylosis And Its Control
by Zahida Qadir | Dr.Khalid Saeed | Dr.H.A.Hashmi | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: Two hundred equines of different age, sex and breed were subjected to coprological examination. A total of 65.51% sample were found to be infected with various helminths. Strongyles were the most common parasites and were detected in 58.5% of total faecal samples. The other species identified in this study included P. jprum (2%), Dictyocalus arnifeldi (1.5%), Gafitrodisus aegvuticus (1.5%), Anaplocepha species (1.5%), Strongvloides westeri (1.5%) and Strongyles + Ascaris (1.5%).
The higher infection rate of helminth parasites were observed in spring (78%) and in summer (82%) as compare with autumn (40%) and winter (56%). Highest average EPG of 530 was recorded in summer and lowest EPG of 161 in winter season. Age related susceptibilities indicated a high prevalence of strongylosis in equines of under 10 years of age as compared with horses of more than 10 years of age. A higher egg per gram of the faeces were also recorded in horses of 1-3 years of age (512) as compared with older horses. Males have higher prevalence of helminths (76%) as compared with female (49%). There was no difference in average egg shedding by male (304) and fema1 horses (296).
The anthelmintics efficacy of oxafax, ivomec and farbencja were also evaluated. Forty horses found positive for natural strongyle infection were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group A, B and C were dosed with Oxafax, Ivomec and Farbenda respectively as recommended by manufacturers. Group D acted as non-medicated infected control group. Percent egg reduction test indicated an efficacy of 96%, 98% and 81% for Oxafax, Ivomec and Farbenda, respectively on day 14 (post-medication). An efficacy of 100%, 96% and 86% were observed for Oxafax, Ivomec and Farbenda respectively on day 28, Statistically there was a non-significant difference in the efficacy of Oxafax, Ivomec and Farbendazole on days 14 and 28 post medication (P>O.05). However, these drugs showed a significant reduction in average EPG as compared with control group (P >0.05) on both sampling days.
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