1.
Humood-ur-Rehman Commission Report
by M.Ishfaq khan (Translator) Syed Fazeel Hashmi (Translator).
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Dar-as-Shaoor; 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 954.91 Ishfaq 21588 1st 2006 Pak History] (2). Checked out (1).
2.
Tareekh-e-Musalmanan-e-Pakistan-o-Bharat / Vol.1
by Syed Hashmi Fareed Abadi.
Edition: Vol.1Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Karachi: Anjuman Tarraqqi-e-Urdu Pakistan; 2003Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 954 Hashmi 16861 Vol. I 2003 History] (1).
3.
Some Clinical Manifestations And Anthelmintic Efficacy Of Santonin Levamisole And Piperazine Against Poultry
by Sajjad Ahmad | Iqbal Ahmed | Haji Ahmed Hashmi | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0093,T] (1).
4.
The Incidence Of Ascariasis In Buffalo And Bovine Calves And Chemotherapeutic Trials
by Azhar Mehmood Rana | Haji Ahmed Hashmi | Altaf Hussain Sheikh | Iqbal Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0096,T] (1).
5.
Comparative Efficacy Of Various Anthelmintics Against Strongylus Vulgaris In Equines
by Qamar Riaz | Haji Ahmed Hashmi | Asif Rabbani | Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0117,T] (1).
6.
Experimental Induction Of Coccidiosis In Broiler Chicks With Eimeria Tenella And Comparative Efficacy Of Different
by Noora Jan Issot | Dr. Hajid Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The study was designed to look into the immunogenic properties of Eimeria tenella. Two hundred and twenty five day old broiler chickens were reared under controlled conditions. They were equally divided into five groups i.e. A, B, C, D, and E. Group 'A' was kept as uninfected control. Group 'B' acted as infected control, which was infected with 50,000 sporulated oocysts at day 15, 25 and 35 of age. Group 'C' acted as infected and treated, which received sporulated oocysts on day 15, 25 and 35 alongwith 5 days treatment with salinomycine (60 ppm in finished feed) after 3 days of each primary and challenge dose. To group 'D' 1000 live sporulated oocysts were administered orally at day 3 and 10. Similarly, 'E' group received formalin treated 1000 sporulated oocysts orally at day 3 and 10 of age of chickens. Subsequently the members of group D and E received challenge infections of 50,000 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts at day 15, 25 and 35.
Immunogenicity was measured by the passage of oocysts per gm of faeces and by comparative weight gains amongst different groups. It was noticed that no coccidiosis could be established in groups A, C and E and the OPG counts remained nil throughout the period of experimnt. Group B showed high counts and group 'D' showed moderate ounts but towards the completion of experiment the OPG counts gradually reduced to 8400 and 6100 respectively, in both group.
Weight gains recorded were 473, 393, 316 and 310 gin. greater in A, E, D, and C respectively, as compared with group B. Group E depicted 1OC% protection and remained second to the uninfected control group A in respect of weight gains. Group 'D', although developed infection but due to acquired immunity became resistant to challenge infections and was placed 3rd in weight gain. Inspite of complete protection in group C due to Salinomycine treatment, the weight gains remained lower than group D and E.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0381,T] (1).
7.
Taxonomical Studies Of Endo Parasites & Their Sequence Of Prevalence At Different Ages Of Layers
by Anwar ul Haq | Dr. Hajid Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Sh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: In the present study the total infection of gastro-intestinal parasites were studied in commercial layers, maintained at various poultry farms located in and around Lahore. About 930 faecal samples were collected from those birds which were dewormed at least one month before. Birds were divided into six age groups starting from Week-i to 48.
Out of 930 faecal samples, 689 (74%) were positive for parasitic infection and 241 (26%) were negative. Ascariclia g.1ij was found in 432 (46.4%) faecal samples, Heterakis gallinarum 326 (35%) and Coccidiosis in 237 (25.4%) of the total faecal samples examined.
The age wise incidence of parasites in group A (1-8 wks) was 59.3%, in group B (9-16 wks) 66.04%, iii group C (17-24 wks) 74.1%, in group D (25-32 wks) 74.8%, in group E (33-40 wks) 88.3% and in group F (41-48 wks) 81.2% i.e. ascending order of infection. In case of seasonal prevalence of infection, the occurrence of Nematodes in June was 41.25%, in July 40.25%, in August 45.75% and in September 38.80%. The incidence of Coccidiosis in June was 27.7%, in July 24.8%, in August 16.1% and in September 28.5%. The results were recorded on the basis of E.P.G. (Egg Per Gram) of nematodes and O.P.G. (Oocyst Per Gram) of Eimeria species. In general low body weight gain and low Egg production (30-40%) in the parasitised birds as compared with non-parasitised birds were noted. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant difference between prevalence of different species of parasites in the birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0385,T] (1).
8.
The Host Reaction To Experimentally Induced Eimeria Infections In Broilers Chicks
by Ata ur Rehman Awan | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Mohammad | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The experiment was designed to study the host reaction to the experimentally induced Eimeria species in broiler chicks. For this purpose two hundred and twenty, one-day-old chicks were reared. At the age of day 3, they were divided randomly in four groups each comprising of 55 birds. They were named as A, B, C and D. The group A was kept as un-infected control, while group B, C and D, at the age of day 3, received a primary dose of 1000 virulent sporulated oocysts, through oral, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes respectively. The challenge doses of 50,000 virulent sporulated oocysts each were adminigtered to the members of each group B, C and D on days 13, 28 and 43 of age.
The OPG counts in group A remained nil throughout the experiment the maximum OPG counts 65,500 were recorded in group B by the day 21. On the same day OPG counts of group C and D were also on the peak found to be 40,500 and 54,500 respectively. Three mortalities occurred in group B, 4 in C and 6 in group D. Similarly the maximum weight was attained by the members of group A (Control) i.e. 1750 gm, secondly by group B (oral) i.e. 1530 gm, thirdly group D (S/C) i.e. 1410 gm and fourthly group C (I/P) i.e. 1280gm. The difference in B was of 220gm, in C 470 gm, and in D 340 gm lesser as compared to group A.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0404,T] (1).
9.
Study On The Pathlogy Of Leg Deformity In Broiler Chickens
by Farrukh Khurshid | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Shirin Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The project was designed to. study the pathology of legdeformity in broiler chickens. Fifty leg deformed broiler chickens were collected from 30 commercial poultry farms of Lahore, Kasur and Pattoki. Abnormal posture or gait, reluctanceto walk and twisted, bent, bowed or rotated legs were the presenting signs. Routine post-mortem examination was performed to observe qualitative (severity and direction of deformity, position of gastrocnemius tendon, subjective assessment of bone strength, swollen and enlarged joints) assessment of bones. Four cases of varus, 30 cases of valgus, 14 cases of slipped tendon, 2 cases of dislocated condyles were recorded, in gross pathology 30 cases of dyschondroplasia, 4 cases of rickets, 7 cases of thickening of tendons, 1:3 cases of synovitis, 5 cases of femoral head necrosis, 1 case of bone abcess and 8 cases of curly toes were observed. It was observed that male birds had greater incidence of leg deformity than females Hubbard strain had greater incidence than other strain and It was noted that the most important age of deformity was 2nd and 3rd week of age and Hubbard birds grew fastly at this age and more prone to leg deformity. The affected portions of bones and tendons were processed for histopathological examination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0408,T] (1).
10.
Comparative Efficacy Of Anthelmintics Against Gastro Intestinal Parasites Of Buffalo Calves And Their Effects On Blood Parameters
by Tariq Humayun | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: A total of 90 (60%) out of 150 fecal samples from buffalo calves of different age groups were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Coprological examination revealed Toxocara vitulorurn (42.22%) as single infection and 31.11% as mixed infection. Strongy.Zoides papillosus as 21.11% as single infection arid 20% mixed infection. Nematodirus spp. 1.11% as single. Haemonchus sp., 2.22% as single and 1.11% mixed infection. Honiezia sp. 3% as single and Eimeria spp., 21% as single and 13.33% as mixed infection. Intensity of infection of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffalo calves was determined as 41.1% of calves upto 500 eggs per gm of faeces, in 22.22% calves from 501 to 1000 epg, in 16.66% calves from 1001 to 1500 epg and in 20% calves greater than 1500 epg of faeces.
Comparative percentages of means of EPG counts of infected control subgroups of groups A,B and C showed increasing trend of EPG counts by day 14. However subgroup A3, showed 'I3.l% reduction, subgroup B3 showed 61.15% reduction and C) showed 72.29% reduction in epg counts on day 3 after medication with oxfendazole. Similarly on day 7 of medication, the reduction percentage were, 95.52, 89.93 and 96.38 in respective subgroups. Albendazole in subgroups A4, 84 and C4 showed reduction on day 3, by 67.08, 64.89 and 78.57 and 95.24 respectively. On day 14, both the anthelmintics showed 100% etticacy No significant change was noted in RBC, UBC counts Hb gm/mi and PCV%, however, Eosinophils and lymphocyte counts depicted siynificant increase in the infected subgroups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0439,T] (1).
11.
Comparative Study On The Performance Of Male And Female Parent Meat Lines With Commercial Broilers Of Hubbard
by Javed Hassan Hashmi | Dr.Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Prof. Dr. Muhammed Aslam Chaudry.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The present study was planned to compare male and female progeny of the opposite male and female grand parent meat line breeders of Hubbard strains with commercial broiler chicks of the same strain.
The objective of the study was to ascertain the genetic potential for the growth of these three different lines and their use as a commercial broilers.
The following observations were recorded for the each strain:
1. Mean feed consumption.
2. Mean weekly body weight.
3. Mean feed efficiency.
4. Mean dressing percentage
5. Mortality (if any)
6. Economics of meat production.
All the three groups i.e. A, B and C were reared in the brooder batteries under optimal environmental conditions. Same rations (starter and finisher) were fed to all the groups.
The statistical analysis of data revealed that feed consumption and body weight were higher in group B having female chicks of the male (sire) line of Hubbard strain, and non significant differences were observed in feed efficiency and dressing percentage among the groups.
The economic evaluation of all the three groups for meat production showed that the birds of group B having female chicks of male grand parent line proved to be the most economical.
Recommendations: Male and female progeny of the opposite male and female grand parent lines can be used as commercial broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0484,T] (1).
12.
A Study On The Epidemiological Aspects Of Fascioliasis In Buffaloes In Lahore District
by Rabbia Sahar | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Haji Ahmed Hashmi | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The study was designed to find the prevalence and intensity of liver fluke infection in buffaloes in Lahore District. The study period was from April 1995 to July 1995. The data was based on:
Data collected from four Veterinary Hospitals in Lahore District namely, Herbenspura, R.A. Bazar, Shamkey Bhattian and Rukh Chandra indicated that during the study period from 1 April, 1995 to 31 July, 1995, a total of 2184 buffaloes were treated for different diseases in these hospitals. Based on history, clinical symptoms and response to treatment 229 (10.48%) buffaloes were positive for fascioliasis.
Information collected from Municipal Corporation, Lahore abattoirs regarding economical losses revealed that one hundred eight million rupees were lost annually due to damage and condemnation of liver fluke infected livers.
Two hundred faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of buffaloes from various localities at Lahore were examined microscopically by fresh smear and sedimentation methods, which revealed that 75 (37.5%) buffaloes were suffering from fascioliasis.
In order to determine the intensity of Fascioliasis in infected animals, quantitative faecal examination was done (and it ranged from 32.6 to 45.6 EPG indicating that the disease is likely to be pathogenic).
Overall liver fluke infection was recorded by examining forty livers along with their bile ducts collected from slaughtered buffaloes and it was found that 16 (40%) had liver fluke infection.
Identification of live flukes from the infected flukes revealed that 8 (50%) had mixed infection of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, 5 (31.25%) had only Fasciola gigantica infection while 3 (18.75%) had only Fasciola hepatica infection.
It was concluded from the above studies that Fascioliasis in buffaloes in Lahore district is quite prevalent, and it needs to adopt appropriate measures to control the infection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0485,T] (1).
13.
Effect Of Fermacto On The Function And Morphology Of Liver And Kidneys Of Broiler Chicks
by Tahir Aziz | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Ahmad Raza | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effect of two levels of Fermacto feeding for different durations on general metabolic state of broiler chickens by determining the functional and morphological state of liver and kidneys. One hundred and five day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven groups viz A through G each containing fifteen birds. Group A was kept as control. To other six groups Fermacto feeding was done at two different levels (2 gm/kg and 4 gm/kg of feed) and for different durations. The experimental period was 42 days. Organ: body weight indices, FCR, gross and histopathological lesions of liver and kidneys, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, serum total protein and serum uric acid levels and antibody titres against Newcastle disease studied.
The statistical analysis of organ body weight index for left kidney and right kidney showed a highly significant difference between all treated and control groups. The highest mean left kidney body weight index was achieved in the birds of group E. Similarly the highest mean right kidney body weight index was obtained in the birds of group C. Organ: body weight index for liver also showed a highly significant difference between control and treated groups and the highest liver body weight index was achieved in birds of group G. Best feed conversion efficiency was shown by the birds of group B. The gross pathological study of liver and kidneys revealed some nonspecific gross lesions such as slight atrophy, little changes in colour and streaks of haemorrhages in some birds of control and experimental groups. No characteristic histopathological lesion was observed in liver and kidneys of birds except accumulation of RBCs in some birds of control and experimental groups.
The data obtained by the analysis of serum statistically indicated that the concentration of serum glucose and serum cholesterol levels were significantly increased in treated groups than that of control group. Concentration of serum total protein was increased in all treated groups except for C group. But there was no significant difference in serumuric acid levels of all treated and control groups. The data obtained by the analysis of antibody titre against Newcastle disease on zero, 14th, 28th and 42nd day of experiment showed that geometric mean HI titres of all groups carried no significant statistical difference on any of the above mentioned days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0493,T] (1).
14.
Taxonomical Study Of Treatment Infections And Their Effect On Blood Picture In Sheep And Goats
by Sulman Hameed | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. M. Sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: In the present study two hundred sheep and two hundred goats both above one year of age and below one year age were examined after their slaughtering at abattoirs of Lahore for the presence of Gastrointestinal trernatodes during the month of May to August, 1995.
Monthwise prevalence of p. Cervi, f... hepatica a6% D. dendriticum and D. dendriticurn during the month of May to august, 1995, was as under:
May 1995 15% cervi, 20% f hepatica 6% D. dendriticum
June // 19% P.cervi 27% f. hepatica 8% D. dendriticum
July // 33% P.cervi 40% hepatica 16% D. dendriticum
August // 28%P.cervi 32% f hepatica 13% D. dendriticurn
It was observed that the infection increased gradually and reached at peak in the month of July and then declined. An overall incidence of 64.25% of trematodes was recorded in both the species. The parasitic incidence was as . cervi 23.75%, .J hepatica (29.75%) and .. dendriticum (1 0.75). So the rate of infection was on the peak in the month of July in P.cervi, E. hepatica and . dendriticurn as shown in Figure 1. The hernatological values of sheep and goats infected with trernatodes were :total Erythrocytic count 1 2.01 3 ± 0.096 million/cubic microliter, Haemoglobin level 8.037±0.160 g/l00rnl, Packed cell volume 30.10 ± 0.326%, IErythrocytic sedimentation rate 2.71 ± 0.242 mrn/24 hours and Total Erythrocytic count 10.973 ± 0.094 million/ microliter, Haemoglobin 7.637±0.128 g/1 OOml, Packed cell volume 28.15 ± 0.316% and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 1.94±0.246 rnm/24 hour respectively for sheep and goats. It was observed that the infection with trernatode had an adverse effect on total erylhrocyte count, haemoglobin level and packed cell volume.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0509,T] (1).
15.
Taxonomuy And Prevalence Of Eimeria Species Infecting Young Buffalo And Cattle Calves And Their Effect On Various
by Afzal, M | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This study was contemplated to evaluate some aspects of prevalent species including taxonomy of Eimeria infection& in young cattle and buffalo calves. In addition the effects of Eimeria infections on various haematological parameters i.e., Haemoglobin, PCV, RBC count, ESR and Differential leucocyte count were also studied. For this purpose the animals (Buffalo and Cattle calves) were divided into two groups. Firstly those having diarrhoea and secondly those which were apparently healthy. The buffalo and cattle calves were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) on the basis of the age in days under the maximum age of 120 days. A group ranged from 1-30 days, B ranged 31- 60 days, C ranged 61-90 and D ranged 91-120 days. The haematological observations were recorded from both the groups formulated upon the basis of age as A, B, C and D in both cattle and buffalo calves and findings compared with the control groups A, B, C and D having the same age range.
Results revealed that out of 816 animals (442 cattle and 374 buffalo calves), 167 (84 cattle and 83 buffalo calves) were found to be positive (20.46%) for Eimeria species infection. Whereas 62 out of 250 (24.80%) suffering from diarrhoea and 22 out of 192 (11%) apparently healthy cattle calves showed coccidial infections. For buffaloes 63 out of 220 cases (29%) were positive from animals showing diarrhoea and 20 out of 154 (13%) were found positive for coccidiosis from apparently healthy group. Four species of Eimeria namely, Eimeria zuernii, Elmerip bovis, Eimeria cylindrica and Eimeria ellipsoidalis were found in the above mentioned ca1ves
E. zuernhi was the most prevalent species found (48%) followed by . bovis (27%), Eimeria cvlindrica (16%) and Eimeria ellipsoidalis (10%) respectively. OPG count carried out ranged from 2500-70,000 oocyst per gram of faeces.
Haematological observations showed anaemia, which was a feature of the diarrhoeic calves and not found in apparently healthy animals although some of them had been harbouring Eimeria infection. The PCV decreased proportionately with haemoglobin whereas erythrocyte count also showed decrease in positive cases. On the other hand ESR of the above referred calves increased. There was neutrophilia in the infected animals versus control animals and lymphocytes decreased in infected animals. There was no significant change in eosinophil and monocyte counts.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0511,T] (1).
16.
Taxonomical Studies Of Prevalent Species Of Eimeria In Broiler Chicks And Comparison Of Immucox (Imported Vaccine) Versus Locally Prepared Vaccine Against Coccidiosi
by Sodaghar Ali Shaker | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The study was designed to identify different species of the genus Eimeria in broiler chicks occuring in poultry farms situated in and around Lahore.
For this purpose one thousand faecal samples were collected from different broiler farms out of which 145 (14.5%) were positive for coccidiosis. Two hundred broiler carcases, suspected to he suffering from coccidiosis were obtained from different diagnostic Laboratories at Lahore. One hundred and ninety out of 200, (95%) were found positive for coccidiosis.
Identification of the species of the genus Eimeria was done and seven species were identified i.e, E tenella 119 out of 190 (62.63%), J. brunetti 27 (14.21%), E. necatrix 13 (6.84%), . acervulina 19 (10%), . maxima 4 (2.10%), . mitis 3 (1.58%) and . praecpx 5 (2.63%).
The second aim of the present study was to compare the immunogenic properties of locally prepared (atlenuated) and imported (live) vaccine (Immucox). For this purpose one hundred and fifty five day old broiler chicks were reared under controlled conditions. They were equally divided into five groups i.e. A, B, C, D and E. Group A was kept as uninfected control. Group B acted as infected control. Group B, C, D and E were infected with 50,000 sporulated Oocysts at day 15, 25, 35 and 45 of age. Group C acted as infected and treated control alongwith 5 days treatment with amprolium, after three days of each primary and challenge doses. Group D received 1000 sporulated formalin treated oocysts orally, at the age of day 3 and day 10. The members of group E received orally imported vaccine (Immucox) at the age of day 5.
Immunogenicity was measured by the passage of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) and by comparative weight gains amongst different groups. It was noticed that no coccidiosis could be established in groups A, C, D and E. The OPG counts remained nil in groups A and C throughout the experimental period. Groups D and E showed moderate counts and Group B showed high counts of OPG. The OPG counts gradually decreased to 35,000, 1200 and 1150 in groups B, D and E, respectively at the end of the experiment.
Average weight gain records showed 430, 150, 332 and 270 gms greater in A, C, D and E groups, respectively at the end of the experiment, as compared to group B.
FCR of group A, B, C, D and E was 2.82, 3.48, 3.11, 2.76 and 2.93, respectively at the end of the experiment. Group D was the best and group B was the worst. Group D depicted full protection and remained second to the uninfected control group (A) in respect of weight gains. Group E also showed complete protection and remained third to the uninfected control group A in respect of weight gains. Inspite of complete protection in group C due to amprolium treatment, the weight gains remained lower than groups D and E. There was no development of exogenous species of Elmeria due to immunization with immucox.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0533,T] (1).
17.
Comparative Studies On The Incidence Of Gastro Intestinal Parasites Of Sheep And Goats And Their Effect On Different Blood
by Najeeb ur Rehman | Dr. M. Afzal | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. M. Akram | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: A study of gastro-intestinal parasitism alongwith isolation and identification of the parasite species affecting Demani sheep and goats in and around district Dera Ismail Khan was conducted in the months of May, June, July and August, 1998. For this purpose 96 gastro-intestinal tracts of sheep and goats (48 from each) were collected from the slaughter houses of D.I. Khan and adjoining areas.
The overall incidence of gastro-intestinal parasitism in sheep and goats was found to be 67.60 and 55.81%, respectively. Overall incidence of Trernatodes (22.91 and 18.75%), Cestodes (25 and 33.33%) and Nematodes (52.08 and 47.91%) was found in the said animals, respectively.
Month-wise prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasitism was also carried out which was the highest in the month of August. Fifteen different species of parasites were isolated and identified which include:
Paramphi stomum cervi (18.75 and 12.5%), Cotylophoron cotylophorum (4.16 and 6.25%), Moniezia expansa (16.66 and 10.41%), Moniezia benedeni (6.25 and 16.66%), Avitellina centripunctata (0 and 16.06%), Haernonchus contortus (27.08 and 14.58%), Oesophagostomum venulosum (8.33 and 0%), Trichuris gyj (20.83 and 31.25%), Ostertagia circumcincta (8.33 and 10.41%), Trichostrongvlus colubriformis (6.25 and 0%), Trichostrongvlus vitrinus (6.16 and 6.25%), Trichostron&vlus axel (2.08 and 8.33%), Nematodirus spathiger (12.50 and 0%), Cooperia curticel (18.75 and 0%), Strongvloides papillosus (6.25 and 0%) in sheep and goats, respectively.
The relationship between the seasonal conditions and occurrence of gastro intestinal parasitism showed close correlation.
The findings of haematological studies showed that there was decrease in haernoglobin contents, TEC, PCV, TLC, and increase in ESR both in sheep and goats under the effect of gastro intestinal parasitism. The values of differential leukocytic count were variable both sheep and goats. Most of the haematological disturbances of different blood parameters in both sheep and goats were proved to be statistically significant, particularly TEC, Hb level and ESR. Whereas the percentage of basophils and monocytes was not affected.
From the results of the presents study, it may be concluded
that the incidence of gastro-intestinal parasitism in sheep and goats warrants that rational treatment and preventive measures must be adopted to safeguard our valuable livestock from these serious parasitic infections. It is also evident from the results that gastrointestinal parasitism adversely affects the blood components in sheep and goats which may lead to anaemia, loss of growth and loss of production resulting into depreciation of quality of milk, meat and wool.
Therefore it should be considered as top priority to educate the farmers for following a strict deworming programme amongst their animals to get rid of detrimental parasites. This will ultimately be useful in producing healthy and profitable livestock, which will not only fulfill our protein requirements but also help for foreign exchange earnings.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0565,T] (1).
18.
Studies On The Taxonomy And Prevalence Of Eimeria Species And Their Effect On Total Serum Protein In Commercial Layers
by Usman Naqi | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. M. Afzal | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was designed to study the prevalence of Eimerian species in layers of different age groups arid breeds. For the purpose, 500 carcasses of layers were obtained from various sources and brought to the College of Veterinary Sciences Lahore, and opened in Paraisitology Laboratory. Different parts of intestine were examined for the presence of Eimerian species. In addition, to asses the general health status of birds, relationship between oocyst count and total serum protein, 30 different layer farms were selected randomly and from cacti farm 5 birds were subjected to faecal arid blood examination. The faecal samples were checked for the presence of Eimerian. oocysts arid their count par gram of faeces. The serum wan separated from the collected blood sample and total serum protein value was calculated. The managemental factor of these 30 Farms were also recorded.
Five species were isolated from the 500 carcasses on the basis of site of infection, oocyst shape, size, length/width ratio and sporulation time. These specie5 included Simeria tenella 32.40%, C. acervulina 29.62%, C. necatrix 15.68%, C. brunetti 13.59% and C. maxima G.71@.
Out of 30 farms, 13 farms were found positive for coccidiosis. Correlation was found between the values of oocyst count and total serum protein. Five farms showed positive correlation which indicated that there was no significant difference between oocyst count and total serum protein values. Eight farms showed negative correlation indicating significant difference between the relavtive values of oocyst count and total serum protein.
It was found that layers between 3-9 weeks of age were most susceptible to coccidiosis. ESb3 was found to be the most effective and commonly used drug. Among different types of litter being used in the farms, rice husk was found to be the best bedding. Babcock was found to be the most resistant breed in layers. It was also observed that inadequate space provided to the birds, uncontrolled temperature of the farm and inadequate number of drinkers and feeders favoured the infection. Biosecurity measures remained the most important among all the factors.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0571,T] (1).
19.
Incidence Of Molluscan Intermediate Host And Faecal Diagnosis Of Bovine Schistosomiasis In And Around Lahore
by Naeem Irshad | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Khalid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: An investigation was undertaken to find out the prevalence of molluscan intermediate host, identification of the infected and non infected snails harbouring the intermediate stages of Schistosoma bovis and the role of coprological examination in the diagnosis of bovine schistosomiasis.
Four places in and around Lahore were selected for the purpose of collection of snails, isolation of cercariae from these snails and collection of faecal samples for coprological examination Four hundred snails were collected, 100 from each of 3 ponds and a natural habitat. The Snails were collected fortnightly from October 1997 to December 1997.
Prevalence of Lymneae acuminate, L. luteola, Indoplanorbis exustus, Physa acuta Melania tuberculata and Gyralaus was found to be 37.75%, 3.25%, 58%, 20.83%, 1.92% and 1.33%, respectively. Only Indoplanobis exustus was infected with intermediate stage of schistosomes, i.e. C. nudifurca and C. indice with total infection of 12792 (C nudifurca) and 7930 (C.indice) in Bansinager fish pond and Mustafabad drain Kahana, Distt. Lahore during the period from October, 1997 to December, 1997. Out of total 200 faecal samples, 32% were positive for Schistosoma infection with 3 species of genus. The positive cases showed S. bovis (100%), S. Japonicum (75%) and S. nasalis (7.8%).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0593,T] (1).
20.
A Study On The Effect Of Experimentally Induced Caecal Coccidiosis On Weight Gain Haematological Parameters In Broilers
by Irfan Ullah Khan | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad Afzal | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The study was designed to observe the effect of experimentally induced coccidiosis on weight gain, FCR and somc blood parameters in broilers. For this purpose 90 day old broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery and reared under controlled managemental, coccidia free conditions upto 42 days of age. A commercial coccidiostat free feed and water were provided ad Jib. The birds were divided into three groups A, 13 and C, comprising of 30 birds each. The birds in group A were kept as non-infected, un-medicated control, the group B as infected and unniedicated, while group C as infected and treated with salinomycin (Coxistac 6%; Pfizer). Coxistac 6% at a doze rate of 50 grams per feed bag was provided and the resufts were studied. The chicks of group 13 and C were given oral dozes of 40,000 sporulated oocysts of jjmeria ej.eJi at the age of day 20 and 35.
There was no oocyst excretion in faeces of birds in group A, OPG of faeces in group B was higher than in group C. The OPG of faeces reached the peak during 2nd week post-infection in both the infected groups. 'Phe higher mortalit.y in the infected group 13 (20%) than in group-C (1 0%) was observed, while no mortality was recorded in group A. On postmortem it was observed that the caeca were swollen, on incision petcchial hacmorrhagcs were seen on walls of the caeca and lungs and liver of the infected carcasses were dehydrated and pale.
The group A showed highest weight gain than groups B and C. however, the group C (infected treated) showed better weight gains than group 13 (Infected). Feed conversion ratio in groups A, 13 and C were significantly different. Group A being uninfected gave the best FCR followed by birds in group C, which were medicated while birds in group B gave the poorest values.
The haemoglobin and TEC values in the infected group B were low and were normal for group A. However, the birds of group C also showed lower values as compared to group A. It was observed that the percentage of heterophils and monocytes increased, while the number of lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils decreased in the blood of the infected groups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0603,T] (1).
21.
Comparative Study On Immuno Modulatory Effect Of Anticoccidial Vaccines And A Coccidiostat On Nd Vaccinated Broiler Chicks
by Khalid Hazeen, M | Muhammad Afzad | Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Khushi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0646,T] (1).
22.
Prevalence And Taxonomical Studies On Haemoparasites Of Equine And Their Effect On Blood Parameters During Winter
by Wasim Shehzad | Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Asim Aslam | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The present study was conducted between November 1999 and January 2000 to find out the prevalence and to study the taxonomy of haemoparasites of horses. In addition, their effect on haematological parameters was also studied.
A total of 40 out of 435 horses were found positive for haemoparasites. The prevalence recorded was 9.20%. Out of positive animals 22(5.06%) were positive for babesia species, of which 10 (45.45%) were infected with B. equi, 6 (27.27%) were infected with B. caballi and 6 (27.27%) were positive with mixed infection of B.qui and B. caballi. out of remaining positive cases, 14 (3.22%) were positive for T.evansi and 4 (0.92%) were positive for P.multipapillosa.
Animals of group A, belonged to all the places of other groups. Animals of group B showed 10.52 % prevalence for haemoparasites, Babesia species was present in 6 (6.3l%) and T.envansi was present in 4 (4.2l%) animals respectively. Horses of group C showed prevalence as 14.28% haemoparasites out of which 6(8.57%) were positive for babesia species, and 4 (5.71%) positive for T.evansi . Similarly, animals in group D, indicated 11.11 % prevalence of haemoparasites including babesia species 3 (3.33%), T.evansi 3 (3.3%) and P.multipapillosa, 4 (4.44%) respectively. Ten out of 180 (5.56%) horses of group E were positive for haemoparasites and 7 (3.89%) were positive for Babesia spp. and 3 (1.66%) were positive for I.evansi.
Haematological examination revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin estimation, packed cell volume, neutrophils and basophils in the infected horses as compared with healthy horses. However, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in lymphocytes and eosinophils in the infected horses as compared with healthy horses of group A.
From the results of the present study it may be concluded that the horses belonging to the poor community need due attention for the control of haemoparasite diseases. Services must be extended to educate owners of these Tonga ponies for the control of haemoparasitic diseases and their vectors.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0648,T] (1).
23.
Comparative Prevalence And Taxonomy Of Amphistomes Infecting Cattle And Buffaloes And Their Effect On Various Blood Components
by Fareed Ahmad | Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Asinm Aslam | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to determine the incidence and taxonomy of various gastric amphistomes in buffaloes and cattle. I addition the effect of these amphistomes on different haematological parameters (TEC, PCV, Hb, ESR and DLC) was carried out.
For this purpose 151 compound stomachs (70 buffaloes and 81 cattle) of slaughtered ruminants were examined at Lahore abattoirs. The worms were collected and identified and taxonomical findings were recorded. In addition, faecal samples from the positive cases were also collected and examined to record the EPG count. The blood samples were also collected from the above mentioned animals to study the effect on different haematological parameters. The animals awaiting slaughter were selected irrespective of age and sex.
A total of 70 buffaloes and 81 cattle had to be examined to obtain the 50 positive buffaloes and 50 positive cattle, infected with different species of amphistomes. The overall incidence of amphistomes was found to be 71.42% in buffaloes and 61.72% in cattle.
The various species of gastric trêmatodes identified were as follow i.e. Paramphistomum cervi, Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Gastrothvlax crumenifer and Carmverius spatiosus. The incidence of . cervi infection was higher both in buffaloes (54.48%) and in cattle (44.34%) as compared with the other species of the family Paramphistomatidae. The incidence of Cotvlophoron cotylophorum was found to be 50% in buffaloes and 39.5% in cattle. The incidence rate of Gastrothylax crumenifer and Carmyerius spatiosus was found to be 38.57% and 28.57% in buffaloes while 29.62% and 19.75% in cattle respectively.
The EPG of affected buffaloes and cattle carcasses was also undertaken and the average EPG recorded was 44.67 eggs/gram in buffaloes and 39.78 eggs/gram in cattle.
Haematological findings revealed that the Hb, PCV and TEC were decreased while the neutrophils and eosinophils were increased both in buffaloes and cattle suffering from amphistomiasis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0657,T] (1).
24.
Comparative Immune Response Of Anticoccidial Monovalent And Polyvalent Vaccines On Nd Vaccinated Broiler
by Wajiha Maqsood | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhammad Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The study was conducted to estimate the immune response of the three anticoccidial virus vaccines on NDV vaccinated broiler chicks. The vaccines used were, Eirneria tenella vaccine (ETV), Immucox and Coccivac. For this purpose a total of one hundred and five chicks were randomly divided into five groups, namely group A, B, C, D and E on day I Each group consisting of twenty one birds. All the chicks except those in group A, were occulonasally vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus vaccine using Mukteswar strain of virus on day I and 2 1
Chicks in group A were kept as non-i nfectecl, non-vaccinated controls. Group B was non-infected, hut vaccinated with NDV. group C was also vaccinated with Eimeria tenella vaccine on days 3 and 10 of age. Group D was administered with single dose of Immucox on day 5th of age and, group E was administered with Coccivac on day 6111.
After vaccination weekly mean weightgains, mean oocysts per gms of faeces (OPG), and mean feed conversion ratio of chicks in all the groups were recorded. Regular sera samples were also collected from the blood obtained from birds of all the groups, after administration of second dose of NDV on day 21 of age. All the sera samples were analyzed by using Haernagglutination (HA) and Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests.
obtained from birds of all the groups, after administration of second dose of NDV on day 21 of age. All the sea samples were analyzed by using Haemagglutination (HA) and Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests.
It was observed that no coccidiosis could be established in chicks of groups A, B and C. However oocysts were observed in the faecal material of chicks of group D and E after one week of administration of anticoccidial vaccines (immucox and coccivac) respectively. But OPG was gradually increase after second week of vaccination and one bird in group D died due to coccidiosis, OPG count reached to a peak after second week of vaccination and one bird in group D and one in group F died due to coccidiosis.
Mean weight gains per chick on day 1 was 41, 42, 40, 39 and 38 of groups A, B, C, D and F respectively. however the mean body weights were 1746, gms 1848, 1725, 1710 and 1695 gms for chicks in groups A, B, C, D and E respectively at Group B showed significant weight gain as compared to other groups and their difference of weight gain from group B was, 103, 123, 138, and 153 gms of groups A, C, D and F respectively. (P > 0.05).
Feed conversion ratio of groups A. B, C, D and F was 1.85, 1.99, 1 .88, 1.77 and 1.78 respectively at the end of experiment. Group B and C showed the best FCR as compared to other groups of the same age. But statistically the differences were non-signiFicant amongst all the test groups.
Morphometeric analysis of immuno modulatory organs revealed that group B showed highest organ weight and the organ body ratio as compared to other groups of same age at the end of experiment Besides group B, group C also showed the second highest of the organ body weights and the organ body ratios, as compared to other anticoccidial vaccinated groups D and E and among them group C showed the highest of organ weight and organ body ratio.
Antibody analysis revealed that geometric mean titre (GMT) in the chicks of group B (NDV vaccinated control group) showed the highest value (73.3) as compared to other groups of same age at the end of experiment. However group C showed the second highest value (68.6) on 49th day. Where as other anticoccidial vaccinated groups D and E showed their GMT value as 21.1 and 22.6 respectively, and antibody titre of group A (non-infected non vaccinated control group) was zero at the end of experiment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0660,T] (1).
25.
Study On The Comparative Efficacy Of Phenothiazine, Levamisole And Ivermetin Against Gastro Intestinal Nematodes In Horses
by Ashfaq Ullah Hashmi | Dr . Nisar Ahmad | Dr . Kamran Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to find out the comparative efficacy of Phenothiazine, levamisole and Ivermectin against GIT nematodes in horses at Lahore. For the purpose one hundred horses irrespective 'of age, breed and sex were exam for the presence of various species of gastro-intestinal nematodes in horses. The coprological examination showed a positive percentage of 64% while 36 cases (36%) were found to be negative. The positive cases had mixed infestation of large and small strongyIids, Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi species. Forty naturally infested horses divided in four groups (A, B, C and D), were selected for the drug trial. The drugs used were Phenothiazine @ 55 mg/kg body weight, levamisole @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight (1 mI/2 kg b.w) Ivermectin @ 0.2 mg/kg body weight to the groups A, B, C and D, while the animals of group D acted as non-medicated control.
The mean EPG count was carried out pre-medication and post medication of the said anthelmintics.
Based upon EPG count, conducted on 3rd, 7th and 14th day for each anthelmintic; it was revealed that the mean EPG count of group A (Phenothiazine) showed 62.99, 82.67 and 95.27% reduction in ova output while the animals of group D (medicated with levamisole exhibited 53, 82 and 93% reduction in the said equines). The group C (medicated with Ivermectin showed reduction ofEPG as 79.83,95.16 and 100% on 3rd, 7th and 14th day post medication).
From the results of this study it is concluded that Ivermectin was the most effective as compared to Phenothiazine and levamisole. Therefore, it is stressed that Ivermectin should be used in equines for the effective control of gastro intestinal nematodes. The drug is quite safe and without any adverse effects on these animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0682,T] (1).
26.
Studies On The Babesia Canis And Ticks Of Dogs
by Abdul Haseeb Khan | Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Khalid Saeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The present study was conducted from September to November, 2000 to find out the prevalence and taxonomy of ticks and Babesia canis of dogs. In addition, their effect on haematological parameters was also studied. To find out the prevalence, 759 dogs were included in the study. The samples were collected from the dogs brought to Dog Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore, Private Veterinary clinics and from different Private Kennels present in and around Lahore.
Out of the total 759 dogs, 205 (27 %) dogs were found positive for single species of ticks i.e. Rhipicephalus sanguineous and 179 (23.5%) dogs were found positive for Babesia canis. Seventy four (9.7%) dogs were infested with only ticks and 48 (6.3%) dogs were found positive for only Babesia canis. Out of total 205 ticks infested dogs, 131 (63.3%) were found positive for Babesia canis.
For haematological study from the total examined dogs 80 (60 infected, 20 healthy) were selected and divided in to four groups A (mixed infection of ticks and Babesia), B (ticks only), C (Babesia only) and D (non-infected). Each group comprising of 20 animals.
The total erythrocytic count were 2.5x106±0.28/,il, 3.2x106±0.21/iil, 3.6x106±0.13/id and 4.9x106±0.18/j.d of group A, B, C and ID respectively. There was significant difference amongst group A, B, and C as compared to the control group-D. A significant difference amongst A-B, A-C was also noted. But no significant difference between group B and C could be recorded.
Hemoglobin estimation in group A was 7.1±0.33 g %, in B was 9.2±0.30 g % and in group C was 9.8±0.30 g %. It was revealed that there was significant decrease in hemoglobin contents as compared to group 'D' which showed 12.01±0.6 g %. There was significant difference between group A-B and A-C, but no significant difference between group B-C (P<0.05) was noted.
The animals belonging to group A, B, C and D had ESR as 40.15±3 mm/hour, 32.25±0.17 mm/hour, 25.2±1.1 mm/hour, and 16.3±1.3 mm/hour respectively. There was significant difference amongst the groups A, B, C as compared to group D. There were also significant difference amongst groups A-B, A-C and B-C (P<0.05). The RBC of the groups A, B, and C were found crenated and macrocytic hypochromic.
The overall results showed that effects of mixed infection of ticks and Babesia on haematology were more adverse as compared to the single infections of ticks or Babesia.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0712,T] (1).
27.
Biocontrol Of Caecal Coccidiosis In Broilers
by Nadeem Afzal, M | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Nisar Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The present study was designed to estimate the efficacy of two types of monovalent . tenella vaccines i.e. Formalin treated . tenella oocysts for 48 (FEV-48) and/or 96 (FEV-96) hours and irradiated . tenella vaccine. For estimation of the efficacy of the said vaccines, OPG counts weight gain, FCR and mortality records were compared amongst the control and test groups.
A total of 105 day-old broilers were equally divided into 5 different groups namely; A, B, C, D and E on day 3, each group comprising of 21 chicks. NDV vaccine was administered on day land 21 of age of chicks of all the groups. Group A acted as non-infected control, B as infected control, C was vaccinated with FEV-48, D was vaccinated with FEV-96 and E was vaccinated with 1EV on day 3 and 10 of age. Spread of contaminated faeces over the bedding with . tenella oocysts was commenced on day 12 upto day 17 of age of chicks. The OPG counts were conducted on each 4th day from day 18th to 52.
The results indicated that the first observation of OPG counts (day-18) showed heavy infection in all the control (infected) and test groups. In group B, 222200 oocysts were observed on day 18 which gradually reduced to 5300 on day 50 followed by zero on day 52. Group C (FEV-48) showed 131400 OPG counts, which sharply declined on each observation and showed 100 OPG on day 38 followed by '0' afterwards and showing significant differences from the control (P < 0.05). Group D showed gradual decline like infected control upto day 34, but ironically on days 38 and 42, 196.3% and 376.4% increase was noted, respectively as compared to group B, which again declined by day 50 with significant difference. In group E the first observation showed 119460. OPG counts which abruptly declined to 75 on day 38 followed by '0' on day 42. Groups C and E showed comparable results.
Weight gains were almost equal in all the test and control groups by day 14. The difference appeared on third observation between infected control and other groups. At the end of the experiment members of groups A, C, D and E gained 31%, 14%, 11.83% and 10.92% greater weights than group B. The FCR in ranked order was shown as A, C, E, D and B, showing the efficacy of FEV-48. Mortalities occurred in groups B, C, D and E as 4 (19%), 2 (9.5%), 1 (4.76%) and 3 (14.28%), respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0719,T] (1).
28.
Study On Ticks And Haemoparasitic Diseases Of Local And Cross Bred Cattle In Malakand Agency
by Nazir Ahmad | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Nisar Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Ticks infestation and piroplasmosis are serious problems of domestic cattle. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalent species of ticks and the piroplasms transmitted by these ticks. The effect of ticks and blood parasites on various blood parameters was also studied. The parameters included: RBC count, WBC count, Haemoglobin (Hb) estimation, erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR) and differential leukocytic count (DLC). The study was conducted from June to August, 2001.
A total of 80 cattle (40 local nondiscript cattle and 40 crossbred) were selected. Each type was divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D. The cattle of group-A were free from any infestation/infection. The animals of group B were only tick infested. Animals of group-C were only piroplasm infected and the animals of group-D were infested with ticks and the piroplasms. Each group from both the breeds consisted of 10 animals.
Haemotological examination revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in TEC, Hb and TLC in groups B, C and D as compared to group-A relating to each breed.
The lymphocytes were decreased from normal in all test groups in both the breeds, significantly. However, neutrophil and eosinophils were increased significantly in test groups as compared to control group (A). The values of erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR) showed a significant increase in groups B, C and D of both types of cattle as compared to the control group (A).
The overall results showed that the effect of mixed infection on haematology was greater than the single infection of ticks or piroplasm.
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29.
A Study On The Prevalence Taxonomy And Control Of Mange Mites Infestation In Equines And Their Effect On Blood
by Arshad, M | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The present research project was designed to find out the prevalence, taxonomy and control of mange mites infestation in equines and to record the effects of mange on different blood parameters of the said animals.
For this purpose, a total of 200 equines suspected for mange mites infestation were examined during June August (1999). Out of these 200 suspected equines, 24 were found positive, indicating an overall prevalence of mange mites as 12%. Out of the positive animals, 20 naturally infested animals were selected for further investigation and divided into two Groups-A & B having 10 animals in each. Ten animals of Group-A were medicated with ivomac injection by (Rhone Poulenc) at a dose rate of 0.2 mg / kg body weight or (1 ml / 50 kg b.wt.) subcutaneously and the 10 infested animals of Group-B served as untreated controls. The efficacy of drug was assessed by examination of skin scrapping and the animals were re-examined at 7th, 14th and 28th day post treatment with ivomac injection. Taxonomy of the identified species was also carried out.
In addition, the effect of mange mite infestation on different blood parameters of equines was also recorded. Haematological parameter showed significant reduction in total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) level and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) while Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was increased in infected animals. Differential leukocyte count (DLC) showed reduction in the neutrophils and lymphocytes but eosinophils, basophils and monocytes were increased in number in mite infested horses.
From the results of the present study, it was concluded that the skin scrapings examination of the animals showing irritation and pruritis should be carried out on regular basis and those found positive should be given prompt acaricidal treatment. Ivomac injection @ 0.02 pg / kg body weight has proved the most beneficial as a single injection was found to be quite effective to cure the mange mites infestation in these animals. Hence, the farmers, Tonga pony owners and other equine lovers should use Ivomac Injection to treat and control the mange mites infestation in horses, mules and donkeys. This will not only result in the improvement of the health status of these animals but also increase income of the owners.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0733,T] (1).
30.
Oocyst Production Potential In Experimentally Infected Broiler With Eimeria Tenella
by Khalid Younas, M | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The present study was designed to observe the periodicity of oocyst shedding, the ratio of administered oocysts with the oocysts found in the faeces or intestinal contents of infected birds and effect of artificially induced coccidiosis at different ages on weight gain, FCR, OPG count, mortality and lesion scores. For this purpose 84 day-old chicks were purchased from the market and vaccinated against NDV on day 1 and 21 (Mukteswar strain). The birds were divided into 4 groups i.e. A, B, C and D comprising oC 21 birds each. Group A was kept as non-infected control. Virulent Elmeria en at a dose rate of 50,000 sporulated oocysts/bird was given to group B, C and D on day 15, 25 and 35 of age, respectively.
There was no oocyst excretion in faeces of birds in group A. OPG of faeces in group B was higher than in groups C and 1). rFIe OPO of faeces reached the peak on 6th day post-infection in infected groups, but group D again obtained the peak on 17th day postinfection. The highest caecal oocyst counts were observed in group B than C and 1) groups. It was observed that the recovery of the number of oocysts in purified isolates was 58.74%, 50.05% and 26.87% in B, C and D, respectively as compared to OPG counts. It was also noted that the caecal output of oocyst counts was always lower than the total OPG counts per chick during the period of infection in different groups.
Group A showed the highest weight gain (2155 gms) than the infected groups B (1985 grns), C (1930 gms) and D (1978 grns). Feed conversion ratio in groups A, B, C and D was significantly different showing the values as 1.62, 2.26, 1.89 and 1.82, respectively. Group A being uninfected gave the best FCR followed by the birds in groups D and C. While birds in group B gave the poorest values, it was observed that the weight of faeces per chick was almost equal in groups C (163 gms) and D (166.5 gms), but was significantly lower in B (123.5 gms). However, the highest OPG counts occured in group B and the number of oocysts acquired were the best in this group.
The highest mortality was observed in group B (28%) followed by group D (14%) and group C (10%), while no mortality was recorded in group A.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0734,T] (1).
31.
Comparative Effecacy Of Different Prophylactic Measures Against Cocidiosis In Broilers
by Faisal Masood | Dr. kamran Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Muhamad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was designed to look into the comparative efficacy of different prophylactic measure against coccidiosis in broilers. One hundred and fifty, day old broiler chickens were reared under controlled conditions. They were equally divided into five groups, on day 1, i.e. A, B, C, D and E. Group 'A' was kept as uninfected, unmedicated control whereas all other test groups B, C, D and E were infected with 30,000 sporulated virulent oocysts. Group 'B' acted as infected and unmedicated control at day 20 and 30 of age. Group 'C' acted as infected and treated with Diasul-S at the rate of 1/2 gm/lit of drinking water for 3 days and group 'D' was treated with coxicure A-K at the rate of 1/4 gm/lit drinking water for 3days. The birds of group E received locally prepared Eimeria tenella vaccine (ETV) on day 3 and 10 of age of birds.
No coccidiosis in the birds of group A and E was noted through out the experiment. The oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces in group A and E was nil Members of group 'B' showed the highest counts than any other group. The birds of group 'C' and 'D' showed the moderate counts but towards the completion of experiment, the OPG counts gradually reduced in both groups.
Weekly average weight gain record showed that average weight gain by the birds of group 'A' were the highest as compared with all other groups. The average weight gain of group E showed the second highest weight gains. The members of group 'B' showed the lowest weight gains while the members of groups 'C' and 'D' were ranked as 3rd and 4th in weight gains. The weight gains observed in groups A, C, D and E as compared with groups B were significantly higher (PO.O5) N. P.. In groups 'A', 'C' and 'E' the morbidity was nil. While in groups 'B' 30% morbidity was observed. Group 'D' showed low morbidity and one bird died due to coccidiosis.
The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in groups 'A' and followed by groups 'E', 'C' and 'D'. The feed conversion ratio in groups 'C' and 'D' was equally good. Worst feed conversion ratio was observed in group 'B'.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0740,T] (1).
32.
Prevalence And Taxonomical Studies On Haemoparasites Of Equine And Their Effect On Blood Parameters During Winter Season
by Wasim Shehzad | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The present study was conducted between November 1999 and January 2000 to find out the prevalence and to study the taxonomy of haemoparasites of horses. In addition, their effect on haematological parameters was also studied.
A total of 40 out of 435 horses were found positive for haemoparasites. The prevalence recorded was 9.20%. Out of positive animals 22(5.O6%) were positive for babesia species, of which 10 (45.45%) were infected with 6 (27.27%) were infected with B.caballi and 6 (27.27%) were positive with mixed infection of and B caballi out of remaining positive cases, 14 (3 22%) were positive for T.evansi and 4 (0.92%) were positive for P.multipapillosa.
Animals of group A, belonged to all the places of other groups. Animals of group B showed 10.52 % prevalence for haemoparasites, Babesia species was present in 6 (6.31%) and T.evansi was present in 4 (4.21%) animals respectively. Horses of group C showed prevalence as 14.28% haemoparasites out of which 6(8.57%) were positive for babesia species, and 4 (5.7l%) positive for T.evansi. Similarly, animals in group D, indicated 11.11 % prevalence of haemoparasites including babesia species 3 (3.33%), T.evansi 3 (3.3%) and P.multipapiltosa, 4 (4.44%) respectively. Ten out of 180 (5.56%) horses of group E were positive for haemoparasites and 7 (3.89%) were positive for Babesia spp. and 3 (1.66%) were positive for T.evansi.
Haematological examination revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin estimation, packed cell volume, neutrophils and basophils in the infected horses as compared with healthy horses. However, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in lymphocytes and eosinophils in the infected horses as compared with healthy horses of group A
From the results of the present study it may be concluded that the horses belonging to the poor community need due attention for the control of haemoparasite diseases. Services must be extended to educate owners of these Tonga ponies for the control of haemoparasitic diseases and their vectors.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0767,T] (1).
33.
Imunization Of Rabbits Against Boophilus Microplus Using Midgut And Salivary Glands
by Mohammad Asif | Dr. Khalid Saeed | Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Khushi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The current research was conducted as a simulation model in rabbits for the development of vaccines against cattle ticks Boophilus micro/us using tick salivary glands & midgut as the sources of antigens. The comparative efficacy of these vaccines was evaluated on the basis of antibody titres and tick rejection on the host in terms of mortality, decrease in egg laying and decrease in hatchability of eggs. It was found that the vaccine prepared from the midgut of B. microplus gave better results than the vaccine prepared from salivary glands. The highest percentage of dead ticks was observed in animals which were given midgut vaccine (21.82%). This vaccine also caused a significant decrease in the egg laying capacity of the ticks (35.83%). However, none of the vaccines had any significant effect on the hatchability of eggs laid by the ticks. The highest antibody titers were observed in rabbits injected with midgut vaccine (GMT=5.50), which was 45.28% higher than rabbits given salivary gland vaccine. The overall success rate for midgut vaccine, in terms of tick mortality on host, decrease in egg laying capacity and antibody titer,. was 37.06% for midgut vaccine while only 16.51% for salivary gland vaccine. The results are very encouraging and it is hoped that with the original host i.e. cattle, more satisfactory results can be achieved.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0771,T] (1).
34.
A Comparision Of Biological And Medicinal Contro Of Coccidiosis In Broilers Under Field Condition
by Mirza Waqar Baig | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad | Prof. Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The present study was designed to estimate the efficacy of different locally prepared anticoccidial vaccines against E. tenella infections i.e. irradiated non-sporulated vaccine and irradiated sporulated E. tenella vaccine, herbal anticoccidial (Coxigon) and cemical anlicoccidial (Suipha Diverdine). For estimation of the efficacy of the said anticoccidials, OPG counts, weight gain, FCR and mortality records were compared amongst the control and test groups.
A total of 150 day-old broilers were equally divided into six different groups on day 3 namely; A, B, C, D, E and F. Each group comprised of 25 chicks. ND vaccine was administered on day 1 and 21 of age to the chicks of all groups. rIhe test groups were infected through contamination of the bedding of the chicks by spraying sporulated oocysts between day 12 and 17 of the experinient. Group A acted as non-infected control, .13 as infected control, C was infected but vaccinated with irradiated non-sporulated E. tenella vaccine on day 3 and 10 @ 1000 oocysls per bird. Group D was infected and treated with Coxigon (herbal medicine), E was infected but treated with Coxidal (Sulpha diverdine). Similarly group F' was infected and vaccinated with irradiated but sporulated oocyst on day 3 and 10 @ 1000 oocysts per bird. To access the comparative efficucies of different groups mean OPG, mean weight gains and mean FCR of control and test groups were compared. The OPG counts were conducted on each 4th day from day 18th to 42. The results indicated that the first observation of OPG counts (day-18) showed heavy infection in all control (infected) and test groups. In group 13, 264523 oocysts were observed on day 18 which gradually reduced to 15773 on day 42. Group C (vaccinated with non sporulated, irradiated oocysts) showed 14214 OPG counts, which sharply declined on each observation and showed 89.00 QPG and day 38 followed by '0, by the end of the experiment, showing significaht difference from the control (1? <0.05). Group D (Coxigon) and groap E (Coxidar) showed gradual decline like infected control group and
735 OPG counts were observed in group E even on day 42. In group F the first observation showed 150428 OPG counts, which abruptly declined to 119 on day 38 followed by '0' on day 42. So group C and F' showed comparable and the best results as compared to groups D and E.
Weight gains were almost equal in all the test and control groups by day 14. The difference appeared on third observation (on day 21) between infected control and other groups. At the end of the experiment members of groups A, C, D, E and F gained 31%, 14%, 11.83%, 10.92% and 12% greater weights than group B. rphe FOR in ranked order was calculated in groups A, F, C, D, E and B, showing the cfCicacy of irradiated - sporulated vaccine. Mortalities occurred in groups B, C, D, E and F as 5, 2, 1, 4 and 1, respectively.
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35.
Identification And Effect Of Gigantocotyle Expalnatum On The Haematology And The Liver Enzymes Of Buffaloes
by Rizwan Muhammad Samee | Mr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Mr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: Amphistomosis is a wide spread disease of buffaloes,cattle,sheep and goats.acute disease has been reported in young animals while older animals arecapable of withstanding massive infection.Heavy infection of amphistomes both in rumen and liver are mostly insidious and generally do not cause serious damage t the host. In the redent study, ist has bveen concluded that due to its mild subl\clinical nature, deworming for the control of biliary amphistomes is n\done very rarely and large animals, once infected carry this trematode throughout rest of thi\eir life. The prevalence of the Gigntocotyle explanatutum detercted in Lahore district was 42.1%. Statistically ono-signifcant difference in prevalence was observed during different months of study which may be attributed to the lack of dewormingfor the control of biliary amphistomosisis done very rarely and large animals, once infected carrys this infection throughout there lives. The prevalence of the Gigantocotyle explanatum detected in Lahore Ditrict was 42.1%.Statistically non significant differences in prevalence was observed during different months of study which may be attributed to the lack of deworming practices in animals.High prevalence in buffaloes might be due to wallowing habit and grazing grasses and weeds.The infected buffaloes had significant decrease in Hb concentration (30.43%) ,and PCV (29.2%).However,there was no significant increase in TLC (1.93%).No significant decrease in neutrophils(3.71%),monocytes(13.41%),lymphocytes(1.50%)and basophils(13.33%) counts was observed. There was significant increase in eophilic counts(52.74%).The ALT and AST were also estimated in infected andhealthy buffaloes.The statistical analysis showed significant increase in AST (28.5%) and non significant increase in ALT (13.0%).
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36.
To Study The Adsorption Potential Of Yeast Sludge Against Aflatoxins In Broiler Chicks
by Irfan Hashmi | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar | Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Aflatoxins, the flungal toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are potent toxin as natural contaminants ol' lce(l stulis. Aflatoxin effects all species of animal and poultry resulting. depressed growth. production and immunity against diseases. The research study was conducted 0 study the adsorption potential of Yeast sludge against atlatoxins in broiler chicks. For this two hundred and forty day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into twenty four units each containing 1 0 chicks and these twenty lour units erc divided into six treatments.
Six experimental rations (starter and finisher) A (100 ppb allatoxins). AI (100 ppb aflatoxins + 1% yeast sludge). B (200 ppb aflatoxins). B 1 (201) pph aflatoxins + 1% yeast sludge). C (300 ppb afiatoxins). Cl (300 pph aflatoxins 1% yeast sludge) were prepared and 1d to the experimental chicks Iron) six to forty-two days of age. The aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus parsilicus Ii 0111 own laboratory. The data thus collected in terms of weight gain. feed consumption. FCR, serum total protein, serum albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT). aflatoxin concentration in liver and mortality were analyzed statistically. The results of this study showed that weight gain, feed consumption and FCR were not significantly different as compared to groups which were supplemented with yeast sludge, but total serum protein, serum albumin, antibody titer of' ND and aflatoxin concentration in liver were high in groups supplemented with yeast sludge as compared to groups which were fed diets containing only aflatoxins and were not supplemented with yeast sludge.
The results revealed that the ration with 1% yeast sludge supplementation and having 100 ppb aflatoxins showed less mortality, ALT activity and aflatoxins concentration in liver and high serum total protein, serum albumin and antibody titer of ND as compared to groups which were not supplemented with yeast sludge. In case of 200 ppb aflatoxins and 1% yeast sludge results showed less mortality. ALT activity and aflatoxins concentration in liver and high serum total protein. Serum albumin and antibody titer of ND as compared to groups which were not supplemented with yeast sludge.
In case of 300 ppb aflatoxins and 1% yeast sludge results showed less mortality, ALT activity and aflatoxins concentration in liver and high serum total protein, serum albumin and antibody titer of ND as compared to groups which were not supplemented with yeast sludge.
The present research indicates that use of yeast sludge against aflatoxins showed best results, however 1% yeast sludge contains a very limited amount (0.26)% of Mannan oligosaccharide as aflatoxin adsorbent. So, there is a need to use higher levels of yeast sludge or improve its adsorbing ability such as centrifugation and ultrasonication. This research is the first step in this field and it is recommended to launch a full fluged project to reveal the other beneficial characteristics of yeast sludge such as immune boaster, probiotic activity, provision of highly digestible inorganic material, blocking colonization of pathogens, provision of nutrients that cannot be used by pathogens and stabilizes pH in the rumen etc.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0857,T] (1).
37.
Diagnosis And Prevalence Of Trypanosoma Evansi In Camels Through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) And Haematocrit Centrifugation Thechnique (HCT) in Punjab (Pakistan)
by Jahanzaib | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhary | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. H.A. Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The most important protozoan disease of camels is trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi. There was little epidemiological information on the prevalence of infection. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Trypanosorna evansi in camels through haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total number of 100 camels of different age and sex groups were selected from different localities including Bahawalpur, Lahore, Gujranwala and faisalabad to find out the prevalence of Trypanosomiasis in Punjab (Pakistan) and to evaluate the sensitivity of PCR assay and HCT for the diagnosis Trypanosoma evansi. Blood samples were collected and examined by haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence was recorded as 4% and 13% by haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT) and polymerase chain reaction. The positive samples by the polymerase chain reaction also included the positive animals by the haermatocrit centrifugation technique.
The results showed that PCR was more sensitive method for the detection of trypanosomiasis as compared to the haematocrit centrifugation technique. Thus PCR can be used for the diagnosis of camel trypanosornosis during both acute and chronic phases of infection, and for use in the evaluation of treatment. Application of PCR to field diagnosis is therefore clearly indicated.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0862,T] (1).
38.
Effect Of Potassium Chloride And Sodium Bicarbonate Suplementation On Thermotolerance Of Broileers Exposed to Heat Stress
by Muhammad Tahir Naseem | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. Kamran | Prof. Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: A total of 100-day-old broiler chicken were randomly divided into five groups and kept under elevated temperature (95-98.6ºF) to observe the effect of potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate on the weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum potassium and serum bicarbonate level. Thermostress lead to significant in decrease (P<0.05) weight gain, serum potassium and serum bicarbonate level, while FCR was increased. During heat stress, KCl and NaHCO3 at levels of 1.5% and 0.5% respectively, improved weight gain, and FCR and significantly increased (P<0.05) serum potassium and bicarbonate level. The results showed that combination of KCl and NaHCO3 supplementation alleviated the negative effects of heat stress in broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0863,T] (1).
39.
Effect Of High Dietary Fat On Serum Cholesterol And Fatty Liver Syndrome In Broiler
by Imran Ahmed Qureshi | Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Prof. Dr. Nisar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of high dietary fat on serum cholesterol and fatty liver syndrome in broiler. For this purpose 90 (day-old) chicks were procured from local hatchery. They were divided into three groups A, B and C having 30 chicks each. The birds of group B were fed on diet containing plant and animal fat while birds of group C were fed on diet containing animal fat. Group A acted as control. Experimental parameters included serum cholesterol values and pathological changes in liver. The serum cholesterol values in chicks of groups B and C were higher than that of control group. Furthermore, the serum cholesterol value was greater in birds fed on animal fat that on plant fat. Grossly the livers of group B and C were enlarged in size, paler in colour, soft in consistency, having petechial haemorrhages, deposition of fat and fibrin. The livers of group A were grossly normal. Histopathologically, livers of group B and C showed fatty infiltration, haemorrhages and mass of eosinophilic materials. The vacuoles coalesced to create clear space that displaced the nuclei to the periphery of the cell. Addition of dietary fat from animal and plant sources in the diet of broiler chicks not only resulted in increase in serum cholesterol but also in marked macroscopic and microscopic changes in liver.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0866,T] (1).
40.
Identification And Chemotherapy Of Ectoparasites Of Camels (Camel Us Dromedarius) In Dera Ghazi Khan
by Muhammad Iqbal | Prof. Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Syed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The present project has been designed for identification and chemotherapy of
ecto-parasites of camels (Camelus dromedarius) from different areas of Dera-Ghazi-Khan. For this purpose 300 camels were examined during the period October to November 2004. Out of 300 camels 109(36.3%) were found infested with ecto-parasites. Two types of ectoparasites were found to be active during those days. Sixty three camels were infested with ticks. After collection these ticks were mounted for identification, with the help of their morphological characters. The only tick found to be identified was Hyalomma dromedarii and the tick infestation was found to be 21% in those areas during October-November 2004.
Similarly, 85 suspected camels were examined by skin scraping in the District Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Dera-Ghazi-Khan, for identification of mites 46 camels weie found to be infested with mange mites and the mange mites infestation was 15.3%. The species of mites identified was Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli.
For chemotherapeutic trails 60 positive ecto-parasitic camels were divided into 3 groups i.e. A, B and C, 20 camels in each group. For further procedures these groups were divided into sub-groups i.e. A (Al + A2), B (Bi + B2) and C (Cl + C2) where each sub-group contained 10 animals (camels). Al, Bi and Cl were infested with mites and A2, B2 and C2 with ticks. The group A was treated with Ivermectin (Baymec; Bayer) at dose rate of 1 m1150 kg body weight sub/cut. Similarly the group B was treated with Neguvon (0.15%) solution with spray machine. Where the group C acted as infected, non-medicated control group.
The efficacy of Baymec on 7th day was 75% and on 14th day was 80%. But the efficacy of Neguvon (0.15% solution) on 7th day was 65% and on 14th day was 75%. The camels of group C were not treated and acted as control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0895,T] (1).
41.
Prevalence And Schedding Intensity Of Giardia Duodenalis Cysts In Buffaloes
by Khurrum Goraya | Dr. Khalid Saeed | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. M. Sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: A total of 300 faecal samples from buffaloes were collected to determine the prevalence and shedding intensity of G. duodenalis. Information about age, sex, breed and faecal consistency were also recorded.
The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 33.0 per cent (99/300). Prevalence of Giardia was higher (43.0 %) in buffaloes of Group I (<1 year of age) followed by 28.7 and 27.5 per cent in Group 2 (1-3 years of age) and Group 3 (< 3 years of age), respectively. The prevalence of Giardia in buffaloes with normal faeces was 23.3 % (28/120) and in abnormal faeces was 39.4 % (71/180). The prevalence of G. duodenalis in male animals was 25.5 % (15/60) and 35.0 % (84/240) in females
The cysts counted in the faccal samples of buffaloes of Group I (<1 year of age) were 45383 per gram of faeces. Whereas, the cysts counted in the faecal samples of buiThiocs of Group 2 (1-3 years of age) were 28652. Group 3 (<3 years of age) showed 17273 cysts per gram of faeces. Mean shedding intensity of Giardia cysts per gram of normal faeces was 2705 and 43729 in abnormal faeces.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0896,T] (1).
42.
Occurrence And Importance Of Enteric Protozoan Infections On Different Goat Farms In District Swat
by Farooq Shah | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Haji Ahmed hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: A study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence and importance of enteric protozoa in goat population. A total of 225 faecal samples were collected from fifteen different goat farms in district Swat. These samples were collected from three age groups i.e Group I (day 1 to 6 months), Group II (7 - 12 months) and Group III (over one year). These samples were processed by Direct Smear method, Sheather's Flotation and Zinc Sulphate Flotation technique for the detection of Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Eimeria cysts and oocysts. Overall prevalence of Eimeria 37.77%, Giardia 12.44% and Cryptosporidium 6.22% was recorded. Age related prevalence showed highest the number of Eimeria 53.33%, Giardia 18.66% and Cryptosporidium 8% in Group I which comprised animals of I day to 6 month. Among 225 faecal samples 73, were collected from diarrhoeic and 152 from non diarrhoeic animals. The infection rates were higher in diarrhoeic animals, Eimeria 45.22%, Giardia 21.9% and Cryptosporidium 10.99% than non diarrhoeic animal. 34.6% faecal samples were found positive for other parasites such as Haemonchus 10.22%, Trichostrongylus 8%, Trichuris 20%, Strongyloids 6.6%. A large number of faecal samples (58.66%) were found positive for parasitic infections. Results of this study indicated widespread prevalence of' parasitic diseases in goat population and especially Eimeria and Giardia are the predominant protozoan parasites
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43.
Comparison Of Different Diagnostic Techniques Against Fasciolosis In Buffaloes
by Muhammad Mutee-us-Salam | Prof. Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Prof. Dr. Zafar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The present study as conducted to find out the most reliable technique for the diagnosis of fasciolosis in buffaloes and to calculate economic losses due to fasciolosis. A total 0 F 1 00 faecal samples were examined by Director Smear, Zinc-sulfate flotation and Sedimentation techniques. Prevalence was 2, 4 and 5 percent respectively. Although they are very cheap and simple techniques but detection of the disease in early stages is not possible. Where as Agar Gel Precipitation technique gave positive results as 8% is laborious technique. But the diagnosis during the early stages is possible. Prevalence of Fasciolosis in Young animals (below 2 years) was found 0% Direct Smear Method. 3.33% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 6.67° by Sedimentation Technique and 6.67% by using Agar Gel Precipitation technique. In Adult (above 2 years) the Prevalence was found 2.85% by Direct Smear Method, 4.28% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 4.28% by Sedimentation technique and 8.57% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. In Males the Prevalence was found 0% by Direct Smear Method. 0% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique, 6.26% by Sedimentation Technique and 6.26% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. In Females the Prevalence was Found 2.38% by Direct Smear Method. 4.76% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 4.76% , by Sedimentation Technique and 8.33% by using Agar ( el Precipitation Technique. In Neeli Ravi the Prevalence was found 2.35% by direct Smear Method. 4.76°/o by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 4.76°/o by Sedimentation technique and 8.23% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. In Kundi the Prevalence was found 0% by direct Smear Method. 0° b Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 6.66% by Sedimentation Technique and 6.66% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. From the results ii appears that AGPT Sedimentation technique, Zinc-sulfate flotation and Direct Smear Method can be ranked as No. I. 2. 3. and 4 respectively in terms of their efficacy. Total economic losses due to fasciolosis during three months (Oct.-Dec.2004) were very high i.e. Rs.1016400.
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44.
Seroprevalence Of Ftoxoplasma Gondii Infection In Sheep And Goats
by Sher Hayat Khan | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Keeping in view the zoonotic importance of Toxoplasmosis the present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats using commercially available kit "Toxopalasmosis Latex" based on the principal of Latex agglutination. . For this purpose 100 blood samples (50 sheep & 50 goats) were collected randomly from slaughter house of Lahore and local sheep & goat forms, the serum was separated and analyzed for anti Toxoplasma antibodies. The animals were divided in three groups, Group I included animals below one year, Group II 1-4 years and Group III included animals aged 4 years and above. The overall 8% and 6% seroprevalence were recorded in sheep and goats respectively. Age titer relationship in sheep showed that Group III had (12.5%), Group 11(7.6 %) and Group I had no positive cases in sheep examined. In goats Group III had (10 %), Group II (5.7%) and no seropositive cases in Group I could be recorded. These results indicate that the infection was higher in older animal than young ones, Breed wise seroprevalence indicated that, Kchhi sheep 14.28%, Desi (non descript) 8.33% and no seropositive case in Lohi and Thali breeds was recorded. In goats Teddy breed had 11.11%, Desi (non descript) 5.55% while no seropositive case in Beetal goats could be recorded.
From the data analyzed it is concluded that although the seroprevalence of T gondii infection in sheep and goats is relatively low in this area as compared to the other parts of the world. Yet adequate management might be useful and essential to further minimize the infection in sheep and goats herds. Consequently, preventive measures could further reduce the exposure of toxoplasmosis in the human population.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0899,T] (1).
45.
Development And Standardization Of Agar Gel Diffusion Test For Diagnosis Of Gigantocotyle Explanatum In Buffaloes
by Shahzad Sharif | Prof. Dr. H.A. Hashmi | Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Gigantocotyle explanaturn is one of the most prevalent paramphistome among the flukes which parasitize cattle and buffaloes. Diagnosis of parasitic diseases can be performed by coprological and immunological techniques. In the present study standardization of agar gel diffusion test (AGDT) was carried out. The soluble antigen of Gigantoco1'/e explaflatuni was prepared after homogenization of adult flukes in normi' saline and subsequent collection of supernatant after cenirifugation. 1-lyperimmunc senim against the antigen was rflise(l in rabbits. Agar gel plates were prepared and antigen was standardized against known positive serum. The faecal and blood samples were collected from 200 suspected buffaloes from two abattoirs of the Lahore city. AGDT was performed for serological identification of the samples and coprological examination for detection of ova. The recovery of flukes from the liver, bile duct and gall bladder of thc same animals was also carried out. 'l'he efficacy of serological and coprological examination for the diagnosis of G. explanatum was compared with that of direct recovery of parasite from liver of slaughtered animals.
Out of the 200 buffaloes 51 (25.5 percent) harhoured (7, explanatum in their livers, bile duct and gall bladder. The serological examination of the same animals showed that antibodies against (7. explanalum were detectable in 29 (56.85 percent) buffaloes by AGDT while the coprological examination of same animals revealed that ova of (i. explanatum were present in 23 (45.1 percent) out of the 51 animals. From these findings it can be inferred that efficacy of AGDT is superior to faecal examination and could become a useful technique for herd diagnosis of G. explandatum in buffaloes under field conditions.
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46.
Application Of Different Control Measures Against Argas Persicus
by Qaiser Siddique | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. H.A. Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: To final out the comparative efficacy of different control measures against Argas persicus, In-Vitro and In-Vivo studies were carried out for the in-Vitro studies three thousand soft ticks Argas Persicus at different stages of their development were used in the experiment. The ticks were divided in to 5 groups A, B, C, D and E having 600 ticks in each group. The ticks of each group (600) were further divided in to three replicates having 200 ticks in each. The ticks were maintained in small plastic boxes containing tick rearing medium at a controlled temperature of 25 Co and 60% relative humidity. The 5 treatments are applied with a small (1 liter) hand held sprayer at the rate of 20ml per box 345 cm2 surface area. The first application was made after 24 hours and repeated twice at 48 hours intervals. On day 0,3,5,7 and 10, the ticks were separated from the manure by immersing the manure in water and retrieved the ticks with the help of sieve. The ticks relating to each group were counted and the counts of each group were compared. The reduction in the counts in test groups as compared to control group A indicated the efficacy of the treatment. It was noticed by the comparative mortality of the ticks in the replicates of different groups that in mortality of ticks in Group A occurred as 6.17% in B as 67.67% in C as 70.67% , in D as 100% and in E as 71.83%. The findings of the In Vitro experiment showed that the efficacy of Tiekide was 100% and in ranking order was placed at No. 1 amongst the test groups and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) as compared to B, C and E groups. However the findings of Groups B, C and E were not significant amongst each other (P>0.05). For the In-Vivo studies, the experiment was conducted on a layer farm infested with Argus persicus. A total of 100 layers infested with Argas persicus were reared under experimental conditions on particular farm. One hundred infested birds were divided into 5 groups i.e A,B,C,D and E, each group consisting of 20 birds. The ticks of all members of the groups were counted on day 0,3,5,7 and 10. Group A acted as infested and non treated, B was treated by application of EM1 under the infested wings, C was applied EM5, D was applied Tiekide (Homoeopathic formula) under the wings the medicine was also orally administered @ 2 drops in 1 ml water and members of Group E were applied 1% solution of Ivomec (Ivermectin). The results indicated that the reduction in the mean tick counts was 95.74% in Group D which was placed at No. I, in descending order the mean tick counts reduced by 70.97% in Group E, 68.59% in Group C, 67.63% in Group B and only 1.93% in control Group A. The Tiekide was claimed to be a drug of choice.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0932,T] (1).
47.
A Study On The Occurrence Of Enteric Protozoa Of Pet Dogs
by Dr. Khalid Qasir | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Asim Khalid | Prof. Dr. H.A. Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: This study was designed to record the occurrence of enteric protozoan parasites of pet dogs. A total of 150 faecal samples of pet dogs of different age, breed and sex were collected. These dogs were equally divided into three age groups i.e. group A (< 6 months of age), group B (> 6 months and < 1 year of age) and group C (> 1 year of age). These faecal samples were examined by direct smear method, Sheather's sugar flotation technique and zinc sulfate flotation technique. Information regarding the clinical status of animals, age, breed and faecal consistency were also recorded. The overall prevalence of enteric protozoan parasites was 35.3 percent. Prevalence of various species belonging to Genera Giardia, Isospora, Cryptosporidium Entamoeba and Balantidium was 18.66, 14.66, 5.33, 1.33 and 1.33 percent. Prevalence of enteric protozoan was higher (44%) in pet dogs of group A, followed by 36.0 and 26.0 percent in group B and group C, respectively. The prevalence of gastro-intestinal protozoan in domestic dogs passing normal faeces was 33.65% and passing abnormal faeces was 39.13%.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0935,T] (1).
48.
Comparative Efficacy Of Different Prophylactic & Curative Measures Against Caecal Coccidiosis In Poultry
by Muhammad Imran Rashid | Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Irshad | Mr. Wasim Shehzad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: To find out the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of toltrazuril against coccidiosis, an experiment was conducted in the Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
One hundred and sixty (160) day old chicks were divided into 8 groups, i-e, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H each consisting of 20 chicks. Group A acted as non-infected and non-medicated control, B was infected with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts on day 16 and 26 @ 20000 per chick and acted as infected control. Similarly, all other members of different groups were also infected at the same rate. Members of Group C were administered toltrazuril orally in drinking water @ 7 mg/ kg body weight on day 18 & 19 and 25 & 26. Members of Group D were given toltrazuril @ 3.5 mg/kg body weight, of Group E @ 1.75 mg/kg as in group C & D, of Group F toltrazuril was given as prophylactic @ 7mg/kg on day 3 & 10. Members of Groups G & H were given irradiated (IEV) and formalized (FEV-48) Eimeria tenella vaccines respectively. IEV was orally given on day 3 & 10 whereas FEV was only given on day 10 of age.
The result indicated that maximum reduction of OPG counts (94.28 %) occurred in members of group D which was given half the dose (3.5 mg/kg) of toltrazuril, Group E (Administered quarter dose) was placed at no.2 and the reduction in this Group occurred as 93.71 %. The group G (IEV immunized) was placed at no. 3 by reducing 89.71 % mean OPG counts as compared to control Group B.
In terms of reduction of OPG counts other Groups were placed at no.4 (Group F given full dose prophylactic), no.5 (Group H immunized with FEV-48) and Group C showed the poorest performance (63.42 %) which was given full dose was placed at no. 6.
In terms of Mean body weight gains as compared to control (healthy) Group A, Group D was placed at no.1, Group E at no.2, Group G at no.3, Group C at no. 4 Group F at no.5, Group H at no.6 and Group B which acted as infected and non-medicated was placed at no.7. Ultimately, it was concluded that toltrazuril @ 3.50 mg/kg or immunization with IEV (irradiated vaccine) would be the best solution to the coccidiosis problem
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49.
Seropervalance Of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection In Indigenous Poultry And Their Dressers
by Kashif Shahzad Hashmi | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Kamran Ashraf (Assistant | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: In present study a total of 100 serum samples from indigenous poultry and the dressers were analysed for determination of Toxoplasma specific anti-bodies. Under aseptic measures 1-2m1 of blood was withdrawn by veinpuncture and serum was separated. All the serum samples were analyzed for specific IgG anti Toxoplasma ant-bodies using Latex Agglutination Test (LAT). Positive reaction was visualized by the naked eyes or magnifying hand lens.
Commercially available Toxoplasma Latex test kit was used to determine the serum antibodies. Results were interpretated, data obtained was analyzed statistically by calculating the percent sero-positivity of Toxoplasma gondii in indigenous poultry.
Toxoplasma is one of the most common zoonosis worldwide.It is caused by toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular parasite that attacks warm blooded animals,birds including humanbiengs.Felines are the definite hosts where the parasite carries out its sexual cycle resulting in oocysts that are taken to the environment by the feces.Man birds and animals acquire the infection by ingesting oocysts that contaminate water,foodstuff, and pasture in that environment.
In the present study the overall seroprevalance of toxoplasma gondii infection in indigenous poultry and dressers are 12% respectively by using Latex agglutination test.
In indigenous poultry seroprevalance of toxoplasma gondii was 10% out of 100 hens examined, (3) were seropositive at screening dilution of 1:256 suggesting possible recent contact.
(2) were seropositive at 1:128 which was due to acquired or evolving immunity, while (1) were seropositive at screening dilution at 1:16 indicating residual or non specific immunity.
Toxoplasma gondii infection is increased with age because of constant exposure to contaminated environment and increased contact with cats.
In dressers (butchers) seroprevalance was 12% out of 50.Two were seropositive at screening dilution of 1:256 suggesting possible recent contacting.Two were seropositive at 1:128 which was due to acquired or evolving immunity,whike two were seropositve at screening dilution at 1:16 indicating residual or non specific immunity.
Due to increase prevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans,birds and animals daby day it is very necessary that public should be aware about the zoonotic importance of this disease and preventive measures to be adopted.
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50.
Effect Of Methionine Suplimentation On The Performanceof Early Lactating Nili Ravi Buffaloes
by Imran Mohsin | Prof.Dr.Muhammed Abdullah | Dr.Abu Saeed Hashmi | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Feeding management experiment was conducted at Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki on thirty nine lactating Nih Ravi buffaloes divided into three groups thirteen in each kept under tie stall intensive management for a period of four weeks. All the three groups were given roughages ad libitum and concentrate according to their milk production level. The milk production was recorded daily in the morning and evening. Milk samples were collected weekly by mixing the milk produced in the morning and evening and analyzed for various milk composition parameters. The blood from jugular veins of the selected buffaloes was also collected on weekly basis and analyzed for blood bio-chemistry in the WTO quality control laboratory.
Highest milk production per day (9.78+O.O9ml) was recorded in T2, followed by TI and T3. Statistically analyzed data showed highly significant (P<O.O1) differences between treatments. Statistically analyzed data showed non significant (P>O.05) differences between treatments. The milk analysis of buffaloes kept Ofl treatments TI, T2 and T3 showed milk fat contents 5.58±0.08, 5.70f0.08 and 6.031-0.08% respectively. SNF% in buffaloes was 8.55±0.16, 8.41+0.16 and 8.20±0.16 respectively. Statistically analyzed data showed significant (P<0.05) differences in fat and non significant (P>0.05) differences in SNF contents between treatments. Feed samples were collected for proximate analysis at laboratory of Animal Nutrition Department UVAS and results revealed that concentration was compared of 17.41, 18.26 and 71 % Dry matter, Crude protein, and TDN, respectively. Blood sample were analyzed for total protein, triglyceride, urea and blood glucose. The blood glucose contents value were 3.96±0.58, 4.08±0.60 and 4.72+ 0.63 mg/uI in buffaloes on treatments Ti, T2 and T3 respectively. Total protein values for each treatment were 6.37±0.54, 6.74±0.55 and 5.97±0.58 mg/dl. Triglycerides were 5.58±0.58, 4.16±0.59 and 4.33+0.62 mg/dl in buffaloes on treatment 1. 2 and 3 respectively. Mean Urea level was 1.40-f 0.024. 1.03+0.25 and 1.56+0.26 mg/dl.
The following conclusions have been drawn.
- Methionine supplementation increases the overall milk production in buffaloes.
- Methionine supplementation has variable effect on different milk
- composition parameters. It increases the milk fat percentage but has least effect on other parameters.
- Methionine supplementation increases the blood glucose and has no effects on other blood parameters.
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