Paramphistomes are the parasites in the rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver of goats, sheep, cattle and buffaloes. Their premature stages are in duodenum and then traveled towards the rumen. The damage caused by this illness in bovine affects production. These parasites aggravate a loss of weight, a lower nutritious conversion and a reduce in milk production. Lahore is one of the larger district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The present study was conducted in order to implement efforts and regulation to eradicate the spread of disease in this area. From this study it was evaluated the changes in hematological parameters values of Large Ruminants and evaluated the Histopathological changes in rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver.
Samples of blood and tissues were collected at slaughter house from cattle and buffaloes after slaughtering. These were divided into three groups i.e group-A (Infected Buffaloes=50), group-B (Infected Cattle=50) and group-C (Buffaloes, Cattle=20) serve as control. The blood samples and tissue samples of rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver were taken from infected cattle and buffalo tested positive by fecal examination through direct smear technique and was processed for hematological and histopathological examination.
The infected cattle and buffaloes in this study described a highly significant decrease (p<0.05) in the mean red blood cells, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and hemoglobin. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the neutrophils number and eosinophil number of disease buffaloes and cows as compared to the non-infected buffaloes and cows. The infection of paramphistomum cervi is characterized by severe anemia, eosinophilia, neutrophilia. Anemia can be responsible for mortality in cattle and buffaloes especially young ones.
Pathological changes were observed grossly and confirmed histopathologically in the rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver. Pathological changes were mostly limited to small intestine, especially duodenum. The disease caused by the parasite in the rumen was increased cornification of the stratum corneum, atrophy, severe infiltration and thickening of mucosa occurs in the rumen papillae, but no ulceration was found. Changes varied from a localized enteritis and villous atrophy in the duodenum in light disease to severe destructions of the mucosa extending into most of the jejunum in heavy infections. Mucosa at places was found congested with petechial haemorrhages. The histopathological analysis of the diseased liver of buffalos and cows has described that severe harm has occurred in this infection. In most of the sections, the normal structure of liver tissue, arrangement of hepatocyte cords, veins and portal tube areas were undergone clear with full bile ducts indicating bile duct hyperplasia, necrosis of liver tissue and cause necrosis. The immature forms of Paramphistomium cervi caused more severe damage in the duodenal tissue, where as adult forms inflicted mild tissue damage in the rumen.
The present study was conducted in order to implement efforts and regulation to eradicate the spread of disease in this area. From this study it was evaluated the changes in hematological parameters values of Large Ruminants and evaluated the Histopathological changes in rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver.