1.
Study On The Incidence Of Lameness In Broilers Of Different Age Groups Under Different Management Conditions In And Around Lahore
by Nooman Sh., M | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Javaid Ahmed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The study was aimed to find out the incidence of lameness in broilers at different age groups under different management conditions in and around Lahore.
The project was devided into two parts.
1. Research Work
2. Survey Work
Research Work
In research two hundred broilers chicks were reared in the college. They were brooded uniformly for two weeks. Then 162 birds were selected randomly and divided into three treatments i.e. A, B and C on the basis of depth of littre i.e. 1 inch, 2 inches, and 3 inches respectively. The parameters studied were weight gain, lameness and mortality from 3 weeks to 6 weeks age.
Weekly data starting from 3rd week onward revealed that the treatment C having 3 inches depth of littre gained more weight, less leg lameness and differed highly significantly (P<0.01) from B and A.
Survey Work
In Survey Work three data from types of farms I, II and III (Houses having length less than 50 feet, width less than 30 feet and window height less than one foot from the floor)(Houses having length in between 50-70 feet, width 30 feet and window height 1-2 feet from the floor) and (Houses having length more than 70 feet, width more than 30 feet and window height more than two feet from the floor were collected and analysed.
The study was based on three different age groups i.e. 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 7 weeks. The study revealed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) in three age groups. Three weeks age group showed least leg lameness. A highly significant difference was also observed between age groups of 6 weeks and 7 weeks. This difference is because broiler start gaining weight rapidly after 5 weeks.
A significant difference was also observed in all the Specification. A highly significant difference was observed between specification I and III and II and III. No Significant difference was observed between specification I and II. It was observed that as the length, width and window height from the floor increased the leg lameness also increased.
There was no mortality throughout the experimental period.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0008,T] (1).
2.
Comparative Study Of Desi Fowl (Fural Fowl) And Payoumi(Egyptian Fowl) Under Controlled Managemental Conditions
by Safdar Anjum, M | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: The study conducted at the College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore was aimed to compare the Desi fowl (Rural breed) and Fayoumi (Egyptain breed) for the selection of breed best suited for meat production. The basis of the selection were body weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency, production cost, slaughter analysis and chemical composition of the carcass.
120 eggs of the Desi breed were collected from the deep rural areas of Punjab and the same number of eggs of Fayoumi breed was obtained from Government Poultry Farm Lahore. These Eggs were hatched in the Animal Husbandry section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. Sixty birds each of Desi and Fayoumi breed were divided into three replicates and reared under controlled managemental conditions upto 16 weeks of age. Broiler starter ration was fed ad.libitum during the first 8 weeks of age and broiler finisher ration during the last 8 weeks of age.At the 8th, 12th, and 16th week of age 3 birds from each group were taken randomly and slaughtered. The slaughter analysis and chemical composition of the meat was studied (Richard, 1984). The data wa subjected to two way analysis of variance and 2*2*3 factorial. There was no significant difference in body weight upto 10 weeks of age but Desi breed gained significantly more body weight from 11th to 16th week of age. Feed consumption and feed efficiency of Desi breed was highly significantly better as compared to Fayoumi birds. Mortality was found to be more in Desi birds and production cost was more in Fayoumi. Non significant differences were found between the breeds in Dressing percentage, Giblet, Liver, Gizzard, and Heart weight. Breast meat percentage, Shank and Keel lengths were also non significant between the breeds. However there were highly significant between the breeds during 8th. , 12th, and 16th week of age. Bone meat ratio was highly significantly more in Fayoumi breed. Breast width was more in Desi and the difference between the breeds was significant. Correlations of breast meat,shank and keel length with body weight were found higher in Desi breed.
Chemical analysis indicated non significant differences between the breeds in moisture and crude protein contents; although apparently moisture percentage was higher in Fayoumi and protein were notices more in Desi Breed. Lipid percentage was higher in Fayoumi fowl at 8th week of age whereas it increased at the 12th and 16th week of age in local fowl and significant difference between the breeds was observed. The Percentage of ash was significantly more in Fayoumi breed. On the whole the results of the study indicate better overall performance by Desi birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0010,T] (1).
3.
The Influence Of Egg Weight On Hatchability Chick Weight And Its Subsequent Performance Upto Six Weeks
by Farooq, M | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Mian Nisar | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: This study was conducted at the poultry department, college of Veterinary Sciences Lahore, to examine the effect of egg weight on fertility, hatchability, chick weight and their subsequent performance up to six weeks of age. Eggs of Hubbard Broiler breeders were used in this study. The eggs were classified in four weight groups, viz; A, B, C and D with the weight range of 48-51 gms, 52-55gms, 56-59gms and 60-63gms respectively. One hundred and fifty eggs of each group were selected randomly and incubated in the hatchery. Fertility and hatchability were recorded on the 18th and 21st days of incubation respectively. Sixty chicks from each egg weight class were picked up randomly. The chicks were weighed and wing banded individually and was transferred to the thermostatically controlled electric brooder. The chicks within each egg weight group were further divided into four sub-groups with 15 chicks in each sub-group. The records of weekly weight gain, total weight and feed consumption were maintained and feed efficiency was also measured. No culling was practiced during the conduct of the experiment. Mortality, whenever occurred was recorded. The results of the present study showed a higher percentage of fertility in the group D than in groups A, B and C whereas the fertility in the group B and C was identical. The hatchability of eggs was higher in group B, followed by group C, A and D.
The chicks hatched from various egg weight groups differed significantly from each other in respect of their weights. Chicks of group D had the highest weight followed by group C, B and A respectively. Statistically highly significant differences were observed in the subsequent growth up to 6th week of age.
The feed consumption and feed efficiency of group D was apparently higher than the other three groups, but statistically there was no significant difference. Mortality was higher in group A than in the groups B, C, and D. The number of dead chicks being 4, 3, 1 and 1 respectively.
It is concluded from the present study that chicks hatched from larger and medium eggs were heavier at day old, gained considerably more weight up to 6th week of age and shoed a lower percentage of mortality as compared to chicks hatched from smaller eggs. However the chicks from smaller eggs consumed the same quantity of feed as consumed by chicks from larger and medium eggs so it is not economical to select small eggs for hatching in commercial broiler production.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0013,T] (1).
4.
Study On Performance Of Broilers Under Different Intensities (Wattages) Of Light And Illuminated Feeders
by Afzal Sajid, M | Ch. Muhammed Saleem | Dr. Nisar | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: The study was aimed to find out the effect of different light intensities (wattages) on weight gain, feed consumption feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, mortality and abnormalities in broiler chicks. 120, one day old chicks were selected and divided randomly in four groups of 30 chicks each. The following light treatments were provided to the chicks of the Groups A,B,C and D. (A) 40 watt bulb at night and natural day light (B) 25 watt bulb at night and natural day light (C) 15 watt bulb at night and natural day light (D) Spot-lighted feeders with 5 watt bulb at night and natural day light. Each chick was given 0.8 sq. ft. floor space. Feeding and watering were provided ad.lib. under indentical managemental conditions.
Weekly data starting from 4th week onwards revealed that at 4th week of age there wa non-significant difference in weight gain, feed consumption and feed convertion ratio among the four treatment groups. Significant differences in weight gai and feed conversion ratio and non-significant differences in feed consumption were noticed among the groups at 8th week of age.
The results indicate that birds of Group A due to more activities under high wattage gained least weight i.e. 1.6937 Kg and sonsumed more feed i.e. 4.8017 Kg and showed poorest feed conversion ratio i.eo 2.84 as compared to the birds of rest of three groups, i.e. B, C and D. The birds of Group B gained less weight i.e. 1.7343 Kg, consumed more feed i.e. 4.7983 Kg and showed poorer feed conversion ratio i.e. 2.77 than the birds of Group C and D. The birds of Group C gained less weight, i.e. 1.8293 Kg consumed more feed i.e. 4.6733 Kg and showed poor feed conversion ratio i.e. 2.55 when compared with the birds of Group D but showed better performance tha the birds of Group A and B. The birds of Group D gained significantly more weight (P<0.05) i.e. 1.8567 Kg, at low feed intake i.e. 4.6510 Kg and showed significantly better feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) i.e. 2.50 as compared to the birds of Group A and B, as the light intensity (wattage) available to the birds of Group D was very low, hence there was less activity due to less movement, as compared to Group A,B and C. Therefore, the birds of Group D converted more available energy into weight gain and showed best performance as compared to other three groups i.e. A, B and C.
Dressing percentage recorded after 8th week of age was 61.85% 62.24% 62.86% and 63.11% for Group A, B, C and D respectively. A non-significant difference was observed among all the groups.
There was no mortality throughout the experimental period and apparently no considerable abnormality was observed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0016,T] (1).
5.
Performance Of Broilers, Kept On Different Stock Densities And Depths Of Letter
by Zafar Iqbal | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were used in the study. All the birds were brooded uniformally on the floor for the first two weeks. They were then divided randomly into four treatments on the basis of floor space and litter depth, having floor spaces of 750 or 500 sq. cm. /bird and litter depths of 8 or 16 cm. The parameters studied were body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality from 3 to 8 weeks of age. Hemoglobin concentration and differential leukocyte count were also investigated at 21st. 35th and 49th day of the experiment. Dressing percentage and chemical analysis of carcasses of birds were performed at the end of experiment.
No significant difference was observed in body weight feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage among the treatments. Mortality and breast blisters were negligible hemoglobin concentration was also non significant among the treatments. A significant difference was observed in Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio and in number of lymphocytes at 35th day.
Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio was increased while number of lymphocytes decreased by increasing the stock density. Chemical analysis of carcasses of birds also showed non-significant differences among different treatments between the values of protein, fat, ash and moisture.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0017,T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Egg Weight On Chick Weight And On Subsequent Performance Of Japanese Quails
by Shaukat Ali | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The present project was planned to study the effect of egg weight on chick weight at day old and its subsequent performance in Japanese quails.
Three hundred and sixty quail eggs were purchased from a local breeding farm and divided into 3 equal groups i.e., A, B and C according to their weights i.e. , small (8.5-9.5 gm), medium (9.6-10.5 gm) and large (10.6-11.5 gm) respectively. The eggs were incubated and hatched.
Sixty chicks from each group were randomly divided into 3 replicates of 20 chicks each and were reared under the identical management and environmental conditions. A commercial quail's ration was provided ad libtium. Fresh and clean water was given all the times.
The experimental chicks were weighed individually at one day-old and on weekly basis upto the age of 6 weeks. Weekly feed consumption was also recorded for each group. At 6 weeks of age two birds from each replicate were picked up randomly and slaughtered to observe the dressing percentage of visceral organs and biochemical values of blood. The average weight gain observed per quail upto 6 weeks of age on the basis of egg weight in groups A, B and C was 119.70, 130.70 and 147.30 gms and the average feed consumption per quail was 472.83, 481.89 and 463.88 gms respectively. The feed efficiency values were 3.95, 3.68 and 3.14 respectively. The mortality percentage was 5.00, 3.33 and 0 percent.
The average dressing percentage was 60.64, 67.88 and 64.23 respectively. The average weight of liver was apparently more in quails hatched from group B as compared to quails hatched from group A and C. The quails hatched from group B exhibited apparently maximum weight of heart as compared to quails hatched from group A and C. However, the average weight of gizzard was maximum in quails hatched from group C as compared to quails hatched from group A and B.
Statistical analysis of the data revealed non-significant effect of egg weight on feed consumption, dressing percentage, giblet weight (liver, heart and gizzard), protein, lipids and cholesterol of serum, packed cell volume, total leucocytic count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and erythrocytes. However, the effect of egg size was highly significant at (P 0.1) in case of body weight gain, feed efficiency and blood sugar level of experimental quails. The monetary return per quail was Rs. 2.00.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0021,T] (1).
7.
Stuies On Superovulation And Morphology Of Recovered Embryos In Nili Ravi Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis)
by Tayyab Rahil | Chaudry Muhammed Saleem | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Saghir Ahhmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0042,T] (1).
8.
The Effect Of Different Dietary Protein Levels And Stock Density On The Performance Of Japanese Quail
by Ishaq, M | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0064,T] (1).
9.
Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Meal As Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Rehman, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0073,T] (1).
10.
Studies On Reproductive Efficiency Of Bhagnari Cattle, Maintained At Govt. Cattle Farm Usta Muhammad Balochistan
by Azam, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0088,T] (1).
11.
A Study On The Effects Of Intermittent Light On The Performance Of Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
by Israr-ul-Haq, Chohan | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Javed Ahmed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The study was aimed to find out the effect of different photo-periods on the body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, dressing percentage and Bone; meat ratio of J. quails. Light plays a vital role in the management of quails. The adequate light for quails should be sufficient enough to enable the birds to move about, facilitating to see, eat and drink without any extra exercise. One of the main factors, which needs further exploration is to fix up the hours of light necessary for better growth and economical production.
The present study was thus under taken to determine the appropriate and economical light dark cycle for best performance of Japanese quails, under local climatic conditions. The photo-periods provided in this experiment were 24 hours continuous light, 1 hour continuous light followed by 1 hour continuous darkness alternately, 1 hour continuous light followed by 2 hours continuous darkness and 1 hour continuous light followed by 3 hours continuous darkness to groups Li, L2, L3 and L4 respectively. 192 one day old J. quails were reared upto 6 weeks of age. Groups were further sub-divided into 3 replicates (La, Lb. La) of 16 quails each. The quails of all groups reared in battery brooders, where quails were provided floor space at the rate of 25. SQ. inches per bird, throughout the experiment.
Automatic programme timers with 25 watt bulbs were used; where controlled light was required. Feeding, watering. environmental and managemental conditions were made identical for all the birds. The birds reared under one hour continuous light, followed by 2 hours darkness. Grained more body wiehgt than that of birds of other three groups There were highly significant difference (P<0.01) in body weights of various groups of quails from 3rd to 5th weeks of age.
On applying DMR test, it revealed that the highest body weight was in group L3 followed by Li, L2 and L4 groups respectively.
The results on feed consumption by various - groups were also found to be highly significant (P<0.01)
Maximum feed was consumed by the birds kept under L3 group, followed by Li, L2 and L4 groups respectively. The observations on weekly feed conversion ratio and mortality % were found to be non-significant.
The dressing percentage increased significantly with age. Li group showed better dressing percentage compared with those of other 3 groups. There were highly significant difference (P<0.01) in the dressing percentage among various groups. DMR test revealed that Li group had better dressing percentage, followed by L2, L3 and L4 groups respectively.
The values for bone; meat ratio were found to he highly significant (P<0.01). The best bone; meat ratio were of group Li followed by L2, L3 and L4 groups respectively.
However DMR test revealed that there were non- significant difference observed in bone, meat ratio of groups L3 and L4.
Thus, the fore said study claimed that better productive growth of Japanese quails were under one hour light followed by two hours continuous darkness. There were also comparatively better results of 24 hours continuous light as compared to be L2 and L4 groups in our study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0227,T] (1).
12.
Study On Mineral Imbalances In Crossbred And Nondescript Cattle On Pakistan
by Sharif Saghar, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Minerals are the essential nutrients having significant role in the animal nutrition because of both their excess and deficiency produce detrimental effect en the productive and reproductive performance of the animals. In the present study the levels of macro and micro mineral elements were studied in crossbred and non-descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country. For this purpose M6 blood samples from both the local breeds been' randomly collected from districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sargodha, Jhang, Faisalabad, Okara and Sahiwal of Punjab province and Karachi , Hyderabad and Tharparkar of Sind province. These areas were included in the study because of higher population of dairy cattle. The blood samples were collected from four different classes of cattle i.e.. calves, heifers, dry pregnant and lactating non pregnant. The serum was separated from the blood samples. Ser4Jm samples were analysed f or calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron. Sodium and potassium were analysed on flame photometer while calcium magnesium, 7)n4 copper, manganese and iron were analysed on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Double beam spectrophotometer was used for the estimation of phosphorus. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using complete randomize design arid the differences in the means were tested using DMR test.
The mean values of serum minerals in crossbred cattle of Punjab province were Calcium 7.04 mg/100ml, phosphorus 2.94 mg/100 ml, sodium 125.17 meq/L, potassium 4.67 meq/t, magnesium 2.49 mg/100 ml, zinc 0.81 ppm, copper 0.69 ppm, manganese 0.45 ppm and iron 1.26 ppm. Highly significant difference (P<0.0l) in the values of serum minerals of crossbred cattle were found among districts while difference among various classes of crossbred cattle were non significant (P>0.05). The mean values far non descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces were, calcium 6.83 mg/100 ml phosphoras 2.83 mg/100 ml. sodium 130.10 meq/L, potassium 4.96 meq/L.. magnesium 2.55 mg/ 100 ml, zinc 0.86 ppm, copper- 0.72 ppm, manganese 0.47 ppm and iron 1.32 ppm.. Highly significant difference (P<0.01) was found among various classes in different districts of Punjab and Sind province. The variation in the mineral status of the animals under study might be due to many factors Like breed of animals, plane of feeding practices, composition of soil, source and supply of water and climatic conditions of the region etc.
The serum mineral values observed f or crossbred and non--descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country were relatively lower than the exotic breeds reported in the literature. While comparing the serum mineral values of crossbred with non-descript cattle, lower values for most of the minerals were found in crossbred cattle except calcium and phosphorus.
Severe deficiency of serum phosphorus, zinc and copper was observed in both breeds of cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country, while a mild deficiency of serum sodium and manganese was recorded. Crossbred animals were found more prone to mineral deficiencies as compared with the non-descript animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0255,T] (1).
13.
Effect Of Intermittent Light On Physical Abnormalities & Performance In Broiler
by Shehzad Majeed | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Poultry industry has to play a considerable role in the livestock subsector in regard with the provision of meat in Pakistan. As the broiler industry is increasing day by day, the factors hindering the growth rate are also being taken into account by the farmers as well as the scientists. Besides different diseases, poor management is one of the main problems which jeopardizes the poultry production. Numerous studies conducted in various countries showed that among the other managemental problems the different light regimes to which the brioler are exposed during rearing had a significant effects on the weight gained, feed consumption and FCR. The birds exposed to the intermittent light system also showed better response in connection with physical abnormalities.
The present study was conducted to observed the effect of intermittent light regimes on the development of physical abnormalities and performance of the chicks viz, feed consumption, weight gain, FCR and dressing percentage as compared with continuous light system.
In this study, three groups of 60 chicks each were subjected to light treatment from the start of 3rd week to the end of 6th week in following way:
Group A : Continuous light (control) 24 hours
Group B : 1 hr. light : 2 hr darkness
Group C : 1 hr. light : 3 hr drakness
The feed consumption, weight gained and FCR of each group were calculated at the end of 6th week age group and analysed by one way analysis of variance techniques. Least significant difference test was applied to compare the treatment means of the groups.
Beside above dressing percentage, weight of giblets, physical abnormalities and mortality in each group was also recorded.
This study concluded that the performance of broiler chicks under intermittent system of light was significantly better as compared to continuous light system. The average weight gained during treatment period in group A, B and c were 1410, 1460, and 1510 gm respectively. Similarly the FCR of group A, B and C was 1.90, 1.80 and 1.74 respectively. It is evident from the results that overall performance of birds under group C viz. 1L:3D was significantly better than either continuous light or 1L:2D system. This better performance by the group given 1L:3D light treatment may be due to a longer resting period during which the birds mainly remained inactive. The energy thus saved was converted in to growth. As the difference in feed consumption of the groups provided 1L:2D and that provided 1L:3D was non significant therefore the FCR of group given lL:3D treatment was better. The average feed consumption by the chicks in group A, B and C are 2.371, 2.329 and 2.344 Kg respectively. The feed consumption by the chicks under intermittent light system was less than continuous light but not significant.
The dressing percentage and carcass quality of the birds subject to light treatment were also comparatively better than continuous light programme.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0308,T] (1).
14.
Nutritional Evaluation Of Rapeseed Meal (Canola Variety) For Poultry
by Ihsan Elahi, M | Muhammed Yaqoob malik | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0335,T] (1).
