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Comparative Efficacy Of Salinomycin Sodium And Neem Fruit (Adadirachta Indica) As Feed Additive Anticoccidials

by Murtaza Ali tipu | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Mr. Anjum Khalique.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The study was designed to compare the anticoccidial efficacy of ionophorus anticoccidial, salinomycin and a herb, neem fruit (Azadirachta indica). A total of 240 day old broiler chicks were purchased and raised for 42 days in good husbandry and hygienic conditions. The birds were randomly divided into six groups i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F comprising of 40 birds each. Group A was given feed additive anticoccidial Kokcisan (salinomycin 12 %). In group B, C and D, ground neem fruit (Azadirachta indica) was used in the feed. But the dose of neem was different. Group B had 1 kg/ton neem fruit; group C had 2 kg/ton while group D had 3 kg/ton of feedneem fruit. Group E was infected unmedicated control while group F was uninfected unmedicated control. All the groups except that of group F were given challenge dose of infection on day 22m1. The oocyst count was done on 5th, 6th and 7th day infection. The feed consumption and weight gain were recorded weekly. Record of mortality was maintained and postmortem of dead birds were also performed. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using one way Analysis of Variance and least significant Difference (LSD) test, to detect the differences between treatments and means. It was concluded that Azadirachta indica (neem fruit) 3 kg/ton of feed had excellent activity in terms of oocyst count and reduction in mortality as compared to other groups and especially to Kokcisan (salinomycin sodium 12 %). While Kokcisan (salinomycin Na 12 %) was better in terms of weight gain and feed efficiency over Azadirachta indica 3 kg/ton of feed but this difference was statistically non significant others dosages of neem were also effective. The results of this study will help to the feed millers in choosing best and economical feed additive anticoccidial. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0760,T] (1).

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Efficiency Of Nitrogen Utilization In Response To Level Of Crude Protein Supplies In Multiparous Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffaloes

by Rizwan Munawar (2008-VA-114) | Dr. Muhammad Naveed Ul Haque | Mr. Murtaza Ali Tipu | Prof. Dr. Anjum Khalique | Dr. Qamar Shahid.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Livestock has a vital role in pakistanʾs economy. Livestock play a key role in alleviating poverty from our rural areas. Nutritional management is of keen importance in livestock business. Optimum supply of nutrients (protein and energy) is very important for precise farming. Establishing protein and energy requirement for animals has a vital role in livestock farming for guaranteeing the optimum supply of these nutrients. Under feeding and over feeding of these nutrients may negatively affect the performance of animal and also may have some adverse effect on environment by production of different types of hazardous gases. Protein requirement of buffalo depends on milk production and milk protein contents together with efficiency of conversion of dietary N to milk N. buffalo is reported to be less efficient converter of dietary N to milk N as compared to cows, however average dietary N conversion to milk still needs further investigation. This study was conducted at Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki. Three levels of crude protein were supplied to check their effect on production performance of buffaloes. Design for the experiment was 3×3 latin square including two animals in each treatment. Experiment was completed in 63 days (21 days in each period). During the study different parameters were determined by using different laboratory techniques. Milk parameters included milk yield, milk fat, milk protein and milk lactose. Blood parameters included urea, total protein, triglycerides (TG) and glucose. Fecal sampling was done to check N digestibility and feed analysis were also performed by using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS. DMI was similar at all the treatments. DMI at low CP diet, medium CP diet and high CP diet was 14.3, 14.4 and 14.1 kg/d respectively. Milk yield was also identical at all the protein supplies and was 9.90, 10.0 and 9.82 kg/d for low protein supply, medium and high protein Summary 41 supply respectively. Milk protein contents also showed no response and were 3.99, 3.94 and 3.99 % at low CP, medium CP and high CP respectively. Milk fat contents were also same at all the treatments and these were 6.63, 6.58 and 6.67 % at low, medium and high CP level of diet. Milk lactose concentration was 5.30, 5.26 and 5.31 % at all the three diets. Similarly protein yield, fat yield and lactose yield showed no response of this dietary variation of protein. Body weights of the animals were increased by increasing CP in diet. Body weights of the buffaloes were 478.3, 498.5 and 499.1 kg at low CP, medium CP and high level of CP in diet, respectively. Nitrogen intake was significantly higher at higher CP supplies and was 248.4, 297.3 and 314.3 g/d at low protein, medium protein and high protein levels. Similarly, CP intake was higher at higher protein supplies. CP intake increased from 1.553 to 1.964 kg/d by varying protein from low to high level. Nitrogen efficiency was decreased by increasing level of CP in diet and was decreased from 24.94 to 19.64% by increasing CP from low to high level in diet. BUN was increased linearly by increasing CP in diet, whereas blood glucose and triglycerides showed no response of this dietary manipulation. In current feeding situation, no effect of increasing protein supply was observed on production status of these buffaloes. Blood urea nitrogen was increased whereas efficiency of nitrogen utilization was decreased by increasing CP in diet. So the recommended level of CP in ration for milk yield of 10 kg with 4% protein and 6.6% fat is 10.9%. But this still needs further investigations. Current experiment served as an opportunity to explore the effect of varying levels of CP on nitrogen utilization efficiency in buffaloes. Further research is required in high forage based diets. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2327-T] (1).

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