1.
Copmparative Study Of Buffalo And Cow Milk As An Extender For The Semen Of Cattle & Buffalo Bulls.
by Ashraf Bajwa, M | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of buffalo milk versus cow milk on the longevity of buffalo and cow bulls semens. Two buffalo and two cow bulls were used for collection of semens. These bulls were 3-9 years of age and were maintained under similar conditions at Artificial Insemination Centre, College of Animal Husbandry, Lahore. The milk used was obtained form the same cow and buffalo throughout the study. A total of 16 samples were collected from the four bulls.Physical and Microscopical examinations were conducted to evaluate the semen and samples with 4 or above mass motility were used in the experiment. Two fractions of each extender (buffalo and cow milk) were made. First was heat treated at 90 o c but not homogenized and second was heated at 82.2o c and homogenized. The glycerol in 10 and 20% ratio was added to the diluents alongwith 1000 units of penicillin and 1 mg. of streptomycin per ml. of extended semen. The dilutions were made in 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 extensions of both buffalo and cow-bull semen in both extenders. The semen was preserved at 5oC in the refrigerator, and observations were made on each day at even hours, for 7 days.
The data so collected were subjected to the analysis of variance, statistically and mean motility rates were also calculated to determine the comparative effects of cow milk and buffalo milk on the preservation of cow-bull and buffalo-bull semen. The study revealed:-
1. That the semen was preserved comparatively better in heat treated milk than homogenized milk both in buffalo and cow milk. This was due to the difference in heating temperature and durations in both treatments.
2. Each buffalo bull's and cow Bull's extended semen with 10% glycerol gave significantly higher motility than with 20% glycerol in both milk (buffalo and cow).
3. The motility percentage was preserved better with high concentrations of sperms than with lower concentrations. The dilution ratio in 1:10 indicated the better results than the other two extensions of 1:20 and 1:30.
4. The cow-bull semen was preserved better in both the extenders for the longer period of time than buffalo-bull semen. However the semen was preserved significantly better in buffalo milk than in cow milk.
5. That in fluid semen extension the use of buffalo milk is recommended in field for future and determination of its effects on conception rates is open for further research.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0001,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Additional Pructose On The Longevity Of Buffalo & Sahiwal Bull Semen
by Shafique, M | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of additional fructose on the longevity of buffalo and Sahiwal bull semen. Two buffalo-bulls and two Sahiwal-bulls of 3 to 9 year of age were selected for the collection of semen. These bulls were stationed at the Artificial Insemination Section of College of Animal Husbandry, Lahore, under identical environmental conditions. A total of 16 samples of semen were collected for the four bulls. BY physical and microscopical examination, samples with four or above mass motility were selected for experiment. Heated homogenized whole-buffalo-milk was used as an extender.Fructose was added in different fractions to the milk (extender) prior to semen extension. Ten percent glycerol alongwith 0.5 mg. of Streptomycin and 500 units of Penicillin per ml. of the extender were also added to each sample.
During the study, data were collected in 1:20, 1:30 fructose per 100 ml. of the extender to evaluate the effect of fructose on the longevity of semen. The data were analysed by analysis of variance, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was also applied to determine the effect of fructose.
The Studies revealed that:-
1. The semen samples with additional fructose were significantly of higher quality than that of the samples without fructose.
2. With an increase in the fructose level alongwith extension rate, there was an increase in the longevity of the spermatozoa.
3. Sahiwal bull semen could be preserved over a longer period as compared to that of buffalo bull.
4. On motility basis, 1:40 extension with 2000 mg. of additional fructose per 100 ml. of the extender could safely be used for five and six days in case of buffalo and Sahiwal bull semen respectively. Fructose treated semen is further recommended for field trials with a view to determine actual fertility percentage.
5. The fructose had a significant effect on the longevity of semen both the buffalo and Sahiwal bull semen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0002,T] (1).
3.
Non-Return Versus Actual Conception Rate In Cows And Buffaloes For Predicting Fertility Of Bulls In Artifical Insemination
by Fakhar Allam, Sh | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to determine the non-return versus actual conception rate in buffaloes and Cows for predicting fertility rate of Bulls. For this purpose 6 Buffalo and 10 Cow Bulls (5 Red Sindhi and 5 Sahiwal) were selected from the Bulls of different breeds and species maintained at the Artificial Insemination Section, College of Animal Husbandry, Lahore.
During the period from 1955 to 1970 Artifical Insemination were carried out in buffaloes and Cows with good qualities semen of these selected bulls maintained at the Centre. All the semen samples were checked for physical and microscopic examinations. Extension of semen was made in Milk Glycerol Extenders containing pencillin and streptomycin and preserved from 3 to 4 days in refrigerator at 5oC. All Inseminations were mostly carried out by Intra-cervical methods and only one ml of extended semen was used.
In the present study data for first inseminations in the buffaloes and cows of selected bulls were only considered. All the non-return rate were compiled on the basis of 30, 60, 90, 120, 60-90 and 90-120 days intervals with the Ist service. The results of actual conception rate for first insemination were also considered for comparison. The data were analysed by the analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range test was also applied to find out the results. The studies revealed that:
The non-return percentages between species (Buffalo and cow) fpr first insemination of different intervals were found to be significant except at 90 days interval. Similarly the non-return percentages among different specie for first inseminations were found significant.
The differences in non-return percentages for different breeds (Buffalo Red Sindhi and Sahiwal) for first insemination at 30,60,90,120 and 60-90 days intervals were found non significant but at 90-120 days interval were significant.
Highly significant differentes in non-return percentages were observed between bulls of Sahiwal Breed. It was significant between bulls of buffalo breed, while non significant differences were found between bulls of Red Sindhi breed.
The actual conception percentage for inseminations in Buffalo Bulls was lower as compared to cow bulls,but the conception rate for Sahiwal bulls was obtained higher than with Red Sindhi Bulls.
Highly significant differences were obtained in conception rate on the basis of non-return as compared to actual pregnancy test.
Significantly lower conception rates were recorded with natural service as compared to that obtained with artificial insemination.
Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that more reliance can be placed on the conception rates based on non-return percentages at 120 days interval or above.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0003,T] (1).
4.
A Comparative Investigation Of The Nutritive Value Of Various Commercially Available Fish Meals In Broiler Feeding
by Anwar ul Haq, Ch | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Two experimens, one of growth and feed efficiency and the other for determination of metabolizable energy were conducted on broiler chicks. Three fish meals of 55, 45 and 40 grades prepared by M/S. Pak primco Ltd. Karachi were evaluated for their nutritive values. The control ration was supplemented with meat meal at the same level.
An 8 week growth trial was conducted and broiler chicks fed on experimental rations A, B, C, and D gained average daily weight of 18.88, 18.07, 17.59 and 18.25 grams respectively. Feed efficiency for rations A, B, C and D was 3.18, 3.27, 3.36 and 3.22 respectively. When weight gain and feed efficiency data was subjected to analysis of variance, no significant difference was observed.
In the second experiment of one week duration, metabolizable energy value of experimental rations was determined. Nine week old male chicks of equal weights were maintained in battery cages in groups of two. Three groups were fed on each experimental ration. Method of total collection of excreta was adopted. Uncorrected and corrected metabolizable energy values of rations A, B, C and D per gram were calculated and found to be 3.74, 3.35, 3.20 and 3.37 Calories in the former case and 3.50, 3.12 and 3.12 Calories in the latter case on statistical analysis highly significant differences were seen between rations A--B, A--C and A--D, while non significant differences were observed between B-C, B-D and C-D rations.
Chicks fed on rations A, B, C and D metabolized nitrogen at the rate of 28.41, 28.48, 24.89 and 30.39 milligrams per gram of diet. Significant difference at 5 percent level was observed between rations D-C, because of high protein and low mineral contents of ration D than ration C.
Following conclusions can be drawn from the present research study:-
1. All three fish meals used, possessed high nutritive value.
2. Sun curing may be a satisfactory process of drying fish meals and does not deteriorate the quality of fish meals for poultry feeding.
3. Fish meal of lowest grade gave comparable results in growth, feed efficiency and metabolizable energy values with meat meal and the latter can be completely replaced without effecting the biological value of rations.
4. Complete replacement of meat meal with fih meal of lower quality will decrease the feed cost by 15-20 percent as the latter is available at approximately half of the price of meat meal.
5. Fish meals used at 7 percent level did not give any fishy odour to the meat of broilers.
6. More research work is required to evaluate various fish meals preferably at lower levels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0007,T] (1).
5.
Effects Of Aflatoxin In Poultry
by Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi, Syed | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: A total number of 300 samples of finished commercial poultry feeds, obtained from poultry feed mills (75 samples), wholesale poultry feed dealers (70 samples) and poultry farms (155 samples) were examined for aflatoxin contamination.It was found that 126 (42%) samples, including 18 (24%) from mills, 19 (27.1%) from dealers and 89 (57.42%) from farms were samples was carried out both by the aqueous acetone method, and the chloroform extraction method. The extracts were qualitatively examined by quick screening method, minicolumn chromatography method and thin layer chromatography method. All of three methods gave comparable results.
The quantity of aflatoxin in contaminated samples ranged from 20 microgram/kg to 2000 microgram/kg. The levels of aflatoxin in majorityofthe contaminated samples (90.5%) ranged from 20 microgram/kg to 150 microgram/kg feed and only 9.5% of samples contained higher levels of aflatoxin. Most of the samples containing higher levels of aflatoxin came from commercial poultry farms. These farms had complaints of high mortalities and poor performance in broilers and low production and low mortalities in breeder flocks.
The experimental production of aflatoxin was carried out on long grain rice using a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus (FRR-2752). The rice cultures were incubated at 28 degree centigrade in an atmosphere of high humidity. In the present study a maximum yield of 803 microgram aflatoxing rice was obtained.
The determination of LD50 of aflatoxin was carried out in 210 one day old Hy-Bred broiler chicks with an average weight of 38 gram each. The chicks were divided into 21 groups labeled from 1 to 21 with 10 birds in each. A single dose of aflatoxin, ranging from 32.82 mg/kg body weight to 0.33 mg/kg body weight, was inoculated into the crops of chicks in groups 1 to 19, the group 20 acted as solvent control and the group 21 as aflatoxin free control. The birds were observed for 7 days post inoculation. The physical state and mortalities were recorded. The birds which had received higher levels of aflatoxin died within few hours of inoculation showing symptoms and lesions of per acute aflatoxicosis.
The LD50 was calculated by Abbot's probit method and was found to be 9.278 mg/kg body weight.
The pathological effect of a single dose of aflatoxin B1 on the immunocompetent organs was studied in a group of broiler chickens. Day-old 60 Hy-Bred broiler chicks were raised on aflatoxin free feed for 3 weeks and then divided into six groups labeled 1 to 6 with 10 birds in each. A single dose of pure aflatoxin B1 at dose rates of 8, 16, 26, 50 and 100 microgram/birds was given to the birds in groups of 1 to 5 respectively, the sixth group acted as toxin free control. The birds were maintained on aflatoxin free feed and water ad lib and observed for 3 weeks post inoculation.
The bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen of each bird was removed and histologically examined, No appreciable histological changes were seen in the organs of birds which had received 8, 16 and 26 microgram AFB1/bird while reductions in size accompanied with other degenerative changes were seen in the thymus glands, bursa and spleens of birds, which had been injected 50 and 100 microgram AFB1/birds respectively. The normal tissues of these organs were replaced by the inflammatory and fibrous tissues. No changes, gross pathological or histological, were seen in the thymus glands, bursa and spleen of control group birds.
The Immunomodulatory effects of a single dose of 100 microgram aflatoxin B1/bird on the development of immunity against Newcastle disease virus vaccine was studied in broiler and layer chickens. A group of 120 one day-old Hy-Bred broiler chicks were divided ito two groups with 60 birds in each and raised for 3 weeks on an aflatoxin free feed.Three randomly selected chicks were bled on the first 7th, 14th and 21st days of age for the determination of maternal haemagglutinin inhibiting (HI) antibody titers. At 3 weeks of age the broilers of each batch were further subdivided into groups labeled as T, T1,T2, K1 and K2 with 10 birds in each.
A batch of layer chicks was raised for 8 weeks on aflatoxin free feed and then divided into groups T, T1, T2, K1 and K2 with 10 birds in each. Three randomly selected chicks were bled on day one and thereafter weekly for determination of maternal H1 antibody titers till the 7th week of age.
The birds in groups T received vaccine and aflatoxin simultaneously, the birds in groups T1 received vaccine 72 hours before toxin and the birds in groups T2 received toxin followed 72 hours later by vaccine. The birds in group K1 acted as toxin free vaccinated control and the bird in groups k2 acted as toxin free unvaccinated control. The birds were maintained on aflatoxin free feed for further 4 weeks. Three randomly selected birds of each group were bled weekly for the determination of serum H1 antibody titers. At the end of 3rd week post inoculation one batch of broilers and the layer groups were challenged with a virulent strain of Newcastle Disease Virus while the other batch of broilers was given a booster dose of vaccine.
All of the birds in unvaccinated aflatoxin free control groups (k2) died within 72 hours of challenge, while the rest o the birds survived. The survivors were bled and sacrificed one week after challenge/booster vaccination. The Sera of birds were examined for H1 antibody titers. The results showed that the administration of aflatoxin alongwith, immediately before or after vaccination depressed the development of H1 antibodies significantly.
Immunomodulation caused by continued feeding of aflatoxin on the development of immunity against Pasteurella multocida vaccine were studied in layer and broiler chickens. Seventy two one-day old hyline layer chicks were raised for 6 weeks on aflatoxin feed and then divided into groups T, T1, T2, T3, K1 and K2 with 12 birds in the Seventy two Hy-Bred broiler chicks, one-day old were divided into 6 groups T, T1, T2, T3, K1 and K2 with 12 birds in each. A toxic feed containing 2.1 microgram of aflatoxin/gram was prepared. The Birds in groups T were given toxic feed for 42 days (21 days before and 21 days after vaccination). The birds in groups T1 were fed toxic meal for 21 days before vaccination and those in groups T2 were fed toxic meal for 21 days after vaccination. The birds in groups T3 received a single dose of 9.278 mg Aflatoxin/kg body weight on the day of vaccination. The birds in the groups K2 as toxin free vaccine free control. All of the birds, except those in the groups K2, were vaccinated with Pasteurella multocida vaccine at the end of 3rd week of age in the broilers and 9th week of age in the layers and challeneged with a virulent Pasteurella multocida organisms 3 weeks post vaccination. After challenge the birds were shifted to aflatoxin free feed till the termination of the experiment.
In layers one bird each of group T and T3 died. In unvaccinated toxin free control group of layers as well as broilers (K2) 11 out of 12 birds died. Six broilers of group T and 5 broilers of group T3 died after challenge. The experiment was terminated on the 7th post challenge. The survivors were bled and sacrificed. Serum was collected from 4 randomly selected birds on the day of vaccination and thereafter weekly till the termination of the experiment. The antibody titer were determined by IHA and ELISA tests. Continued feeding of aflatoxin depressed the development of humoral immunity against Pasteurella multocida vaccine, the depression being more pronounced in broilers.
The pathological effects of aflatoxin were studied in 3 weeks old broiler chicks. A batch of 36 one day-old broiler chicks was raised on aflatoxin free feed for 3 weeks. On 21 days of age the chicks were divided into 3 groups T, T1 and C with 12 birds in each. A single dose of 9.278 mg/kg body weight was injected into the crop of birds in group T. The birds in group T1 were maintained on a feed containing 9.278 mg aflatoxin/bird (2.1 ug/g feed) for 4 weeks. The third group (k) acted as control. The experiment was terminated on the 49th day of age by sacrificing the survivors.
The liver of birds in group T1 were enlarged, and the heart were atrophied. Regenerative changes, some bile duct hyperplasia and fatty changes were seen in liver of birds in group T. in Birds of group T2 the liver was enlarged and showed nodular hyperplasia. Histologically the liver tissue showed acute necrosis, pericellular fibrosis, nuclear dissolution, bile duct proliferation and lymphoid hyperplasia. Degenerative changes were also seen in the heart and kidneys and other organs. No gross or histological changes were present in the organs of the control group (K) birds.
The effects of aflatoxin on the live weight, dressed weight, the weight of liver, heart and gizzard, some seral enzymes and bilirubin were studied in a group of 165 broiler chicks. Day old Hy-Bred broiler chicks were raised on aflatoxin free feed for 3 weeks and then divided into 3 groups T, T1 and K with 55 birds in each. The birds in group T received a single dose of 9.278 aflatoxin/kg body weight while the birds in the group T1 received 9.278 mg aflatoxin/bird which was mixed in feed and offered ad. Lib. To these birds over the next 4 weeks. The birds in group K acted as the toxin free control. The experiment was terminated on the 28th day post inoculation by sacrificing the survivors. Five chicks from each group were bled through cardiac puncture and sacrificed, daily from day one (21st day age) to the 7th day post inoculation (28th day age) and thereafter weekly till the end of the experiment. Serum of these birds was examined for SGOT, SGPT, LDH, SAP and Bilirubin.
Continued feeding of aflatoxin or administration of a single dose of aflatoxin significantly depressed the live weight, dressed weight and weight of heart, while it significantly increased the weight of liver and gizzard. Administration of a single dose of aflatoxin produced dramatic increase in the volume activity of SGOT, SGPT, LDH,SAP bilirubin within 24 hours of toxin administration, the values remained higher during the first week and thereafter slowly came down. In birds fed on contaminated meals the enzymic activity and bilirubin gradually increased during the first week and remained high till the termination of the experiment. In the birds of control group the activity of these parameters remained on baseline levels.
No Carcinogenicity was seen in any of the internal organs of layer chickens which had been raised for 1 year on feed containing 2 ug aflatoxing.
No aflatoxin or aflatoxin residue could be detected in the liver, kidneys and breast muscles of broilers, which had been fed contaminated meals for various lengths of time, and were shifted to aflatoxin free feed 7 days before slaughter. Aflatoxin was recovered from the liver and kidneys of layers which were feeding a contaminated meals at the time of sacrifice, the rate of recovery being 1 microgram/100 grams liver tissue and less than 1 microgram/100 gram kidney tissue. No aflatoxin could be detected in the breast muscles of these chickens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0014,T] (1).
6.
The In Vitro Study On Comparative Digestibility In Cow And Buffalo Of Different Fodders Availale In West
by Mohsin Shah, S.M | Dr.Muhammad Yaqub Malik | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0065,T] (1).
7.
Comparative Study Of Buffalo And Cow Milk As Asn Extender For The Semen Of Cattle And Buffalo Bulls
by Ashraf Bajwa, M | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0071,T] (1).
8.
A Sero-Epidemiological Study On Human Immunodefficiency Virus (Hir) Infection
by Zahid Hussain Bokhari,S(M.Phil) | Shaamim Raza Bokhari | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0075,T] (1).
9.
Immunological Study Of Coccidiosis In Chickens
by Sarfaraz Ali | Not Available | Not Available | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0109,T] (1).
10.
Stuies On The Histopathology And Haematology Of Experimentally Induced Avian Leucosis
by Afzal Ch., M | Muhammed Tufail Khan | Not Available | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0126,T] (1).
11.
Studies On The Histopathology And Haematoloyg Of Goats Infected With Goat Adapted Reinderpest Virus
by Iftikhar-ul-Rasul | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0146,T] (1).
12.
Incidence Of Gastro Intestinal Nematode Parasites Of Sheep Slaughtered In Municial Corporation Abattoir Lahore
by Muzarab Shah | Sheikh Altaf Hussain | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1973Dissertation note: 1. 500 sheep guts ware examined during autumn, winter ad spring, The animals were brought from Lahore Silalkot, Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Lyallpur, Multan, Bahawalpur Peshawrr, Murree ad Kaghan districts, The parasites recorded ware Trichuris Ovis Haemonchus countortus, Oespharostomum venulosum, Oestphagostomum columbianum, Ostertagia circumcincta, Skrajabinems ovis, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus vitrius and Chabertia ovina .
2, The changes in worm burden of different parasites varied according to changes in the weather, the overall percentage infection showed a gradual decrease from October, 1969 to February, 1970 sad a rise in March and April, 1970,
3. Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostronglys vitrinus, and Chabertia ovina were recovered from only those sheep which were slaughtered 4uring spring and the number of parasites was low,
4, The average percentage infection of Trichostrongyulus axei and Trichostrongylus vitrinus was 0,2% a4 0,4% respectively.
5. 38.4% cases of Trichuris ovis were recorded,
6. No male of Skrjubinema ovis could be found in any of the samples that were examined.
7. Of the total guts examined, 375 (75%) were found to be infected with one or more species of parasites.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0271,T] (1).
13.
A Study On The Normal Blood Picture Of Buffaloes In Lahore
by Ata ur Rehman Rizvi, Syed | Muhammed Irfan | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1973Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0277,T] (1).
14.
Elements of Applied Statistics
by Not Available (Torned Pages).
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1964Availability: Items available for reference: Old Books [Call number: 519.5 Statistics 6436 Damaged ] (1).
