1.
Study On The Effect Of Different Methods Of Minimizing Heat Stress On The Performance Of Broilers
by Mansoor Ahmed Cheema | Dr. Muhammad Saleem Shaudhary | Prof. Dr. M. Aslam Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Nisar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The present study was planned to compare desert cooler, water sprinkling and false ceiling and to investigate their effects on performance of broilers during heat stress. Two hundred and forty, one day-old broiler chicks were procured from local market. They were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D. Each group was Further subdivided into three replicates. Each group was reared sepnrnJv in di ITorent, pens. Feed and wiLer were provided Rd 1ibitun. The duration of experimental period was 6 weeks. rFreatn1(it.Is viz desert cooler, water sprinkling, false ceiling and
control were allotted to groups B, C, D and A respectively. The treatments were used from 3rd week of age to onward in the respective groups. Data regarding temperature, humidity, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion were recorded and daily average was calculated each week.
The data obtained showed that all the treatments (desert cooler, water sprinkling, and False ceiling) had a effect (P < 0.05) on temperature, with highest cooling efficiency in the birds kept in desert cooler, followed by water sprinkling treatment and false ceiling
Only desert cooler and water sprinkling treatments caused higher(P <0.05) relative humidity than either false ceiling treatment or control group. Although all the treatments showed a difference (P<0.05), group B (desert cooler) had the highest weight gain with maximum feed consumption i.e. 2047.78 g and 4740.74 g followed by group C (water sprinkling) 1857.36 g and 4261.26 g and D (false ceiling) 1443.97 g and 3248.37 g. The poorest weight gain and feed consumption was observed in control group i.e. 1154.35 g and 2487.28 g. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control group was better (P < 0.05) than the experimental groups, while no significant difference was observed among the experimental groups. No significant difference was also observed in the dressing percentages of all the groups. There was no mortality in any group throughout the duration of this project. Economics studies suggested that water sprinkling treatment was most. economical, followed by desert cooler treatment, while false ceiling treatment was the most expensive treatment, which cost even more than the control group.
On the basis of results obtained it could be suggested that desert cooler was the best method for minimizing the heal stress Followed by water sprinkling and false ceiling.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0522,T] (1).
2.
Bacteriological Examination Of Camel (Camelus Dromedarius) Milk With Particular Reference To Public Health
by Muhammad Ishaq | Dr. masood Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad | Prof. Dr. M. Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The present research was envisaged to study the bacteriological profile of raw camel's milk. A total of 50 milk samples were collected directly from the udders of healthy she-camels from various areas of Punjab and were examined for total viable counts (TVC), coliform counts (CC), effect of storage period on total viable counts and coliform counts, using milk ring test (MRT) for brucellosis and In-vitro antibiotic sensitivity tests for the isolates.
All the samples were found negative for milk ring test (MRT) and hence for Brucella abortus. Standard plate count was in the range of 1 .39x 10 to 2. 13x107 c.f.u./ml. The mean standard plate count remained 2. 1x106 C. f. u. /ml. The coliform count was in the range of 3 . 2x iO to 5 . 9x104 c . f.u.Iml. The overall mean for coliforms count remained 3 . 9x104 c . f.u . /ml.
The effect of storage period on standard plate count upto 12 hours was zero. At 24 hours, increase was not very high and it remained in the range of 0.008 % to 1.72% organisms per ml of milk. At 36 hours increase was in the range of 0.008% to 4.95%. Similarly the effect of storage period on coliform count was studied and it showed no increase in the number of organisms per ml upto 12 hours of storage. At 24 hours coliform count increase was in the range of 1.75% to 6.06% organisms/mi. At 36 hours, increase was in the range of 2.38 % to 9.09% organisms/mi. It showed that the storage period had no serious effect on the standard plate count and coliform count. Standard plate count (SPC) showed that 48 % samples gave between 1 .01x105 - 9.5x105 organisms per ml. which was not according to international standard of good quality raw milk. Of the total samples, 42 % gave the coliform count between 3 .2x103 - 6.2x103 organisms per ml which fulfilled the international standard of good quality raw milk.
Different types of colonies on milk agar, nutrient agar and MacConkey's agar were purified and identified. The species isolated from all the milk samples included; Staphylococcus aureus (14 strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis (8 strains), Escherichia coli (16 strains), Lactobacillusfermentum (4 strains) , Lactobacillus casei (12 strains), Bacillus cereus (10 strains), Bacillus subtilis (6 strains), Enterobacter aerogenes (4 strains) and Neisseria mucosa (4-strains).
In-vitro antibiotic sensitivity of different antibiotics with known concentrations was studied. Results showed that all of the isolated organisms were resistant to oxytetracycline, ampicillin and followed by penicillin while most of the organisms were sensitive to gentamycin, followed by chioramphenicol, kanamycin and streptomycin.
Escherichia coli was resistant to all the antibiotics used while gave intermediate results by gentamycin and penicillin.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0789,T] (1).
3.
The Effect Of Statin Therapy In Combination With Zinc On Glucose And Lipid Profile Of Type-Ii Diabetic Patients
by Muhammad Omar Khan Lodhi | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. M. Ovais Omer | Prof. Dr. M.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism characterized by insulin deficiency and peripheral resistance to the action of insulin.Hyperglycemia predisposes to atherosclerosis due to glycosylation of proteins in the vessel wall that results in endothelial dysfunction and hence atherosclerosis.
It was a comparative study conducted on 120 patients,divided into six groups. The basic purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simvastatin and atorvastatin alone or in combination with zinc supplement on overall glycaemic control and mean change in plasma lipids after six weeks of treatment.The patients of group-5 were given only zinc therapy whereas the patients of group-6 were given placebo alone to serve as control group.All the patients were put on metformin 500mg three times daily except Group-6.Periodic assessment were done at 2,4 and 6 weeks to assess over all change in blood glucose,plasma lipids and liver enzymes.
Atorvastatin and Simvastatin showed excellent results in control of lipid profile however Atorvastatin was found to be superior than Simvastatin regarding control of LDH and Triglycerides. Supplementation of Zinc with Statins proved to be a good combination regarding achievement of controlling hyperglycaemia and reduction of lipids. Atorvastatin with Zinc was the only group that showed excellent results as compared to the rest.
Zinc alone showed modest results that shows it acts synergistically with Statins when given as adjucant therapy.
The group which was treated with placebo showed no improvement instead worsening of blood glucose and lipid profile.
The elevation of liver enzymes was slightly higher in subjects who were treated Statins, however the subject who were treated with Atorvastatin showed slightly increase in the liver enzymes as compared to Simvastatin proving that Atorvastatin is more hepatotoxic as compared to Simvastatin.
Zinc alone shown no such derangements in liver enzymes proved that Zinc is not hepatotoxic at all.
The therapeutic efficacies of statins and zinc with high doses as well as their toxicity may be further evaluated by other scientists.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1186,T] (1).
4.
Comparative Study Of Primary And Secondary Bloat In Buffaloes
by Sajjad Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Zia-ur-Rehman | Prof. Dr. M.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Bloat (tympany) is the abnormal distension of rumen and reticulum caused by excessive
gases of fermentation, either in the form of persistent foam mixed with rumen contents
or as free gas separated from the ingesta.
The experimental study on bloat was conducted at outreach clinic of university of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore and adjacent areas. There were 500 buffaloes, out of these cases 86 were diagnosed to be suffered from bloat (60 were suffering from primary bloat, 2o were suffered from secondary bloat as shown in the table No 5 and table No 6). Six animals were expired from primary bloat as shown in the table No 10. They were expire without any treatment. Thus the disease percentage recorded was 17.4
A systemic clinical examination of each animal was conducted. The age, breed, sex and general heath of the animal was also recorded. Complete history of each affected animal was recorded. Diagnostic confirmation between primary bloat and secondary bloat was done through stomach tube. Primary bloat was easily recognizable and there were no other diseases of reticulorumen that result in ruminal tympany. Secondary bloat was differentiated from causes of failure of eructation including esophageal obstruction,chromic reticuloperitonitis, vagal indigestion, tetanus, injury and rumen impaction.
Treatment trials were carried out on the basis of grouping of animals. The buffaloes which are under attack of bloat were classified into two main groups i.e. group A and group B, which were further divided into four sub groups, which were A1, A2, B1 and B2.Animals suffered from primary bloat were kept into Group A1 and A2. While the animals suffering from secondary bloat were kept into Group B1 and Group B2. Treatment trials for Group A1 and Group B1 were same, while for Group A2 and Group B2 were same. The efficacy of drug was evaluated on reversal of clinical signs. The bloat affected buffaloes recovered with in 2 to 3 hours after the administration of medicine. No Side effects of these drugs, if any, was recorded the animals was examined for 24 hours after medication.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1194,T] (1).
5.
Differntial Diagnosis Of Malaria And Dengue Fever On The Basis Of Clinical Findings And Laboratory Investigations
by Aqeel Ahmad | Prof. Dr. M. Younus Rana | Dr. Muti ur Rehman | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: I took two hundred (200) patients in total for purpose of my study. I included all cases with pyrexia of unknown origin with chills and rigors with 6-7 days history. These cases were first evaluated for Malaria by making their thin and thick films for malarial parasites.
There were thirty patients out of two hundred who were positive for malarial parasites. There complete blood picture was done that is RBC count, Heamogolobin percentage, platelet count, WBC count and ESR. The cases who were negative from malaria were further evaluated for dengue viral infection by doing capture ELISA 1gM. Before doing ELISA 1gM dengue strip method test was done and the cases who were positive on strip (Paper Chromatography) were included in 1gM ELISA study. The cases that were positive for 1gM ELISA were studied for same blood investigation which was mentioned earlier. It was also found that there had been some incidence of dual dengue infection and malaria and the incidence rate was 2%.
Now after collecting the data it was analyzed by SPSS. It was inferred afterwards from the data that all the patients +ve for dengue 1gM had been facing with low platelet count increased reticulocyte count, increased hemoglobin, decreased WBC and no significant effect on ESR had been seen. About 83% of dengue 1gM patients were having decrease platelet count. This thrombocytopenia varies from person to person and an inverse relationship has been found between dengue 1gM and platelet of the patients.
The intensity of thromobocytopenia was more in old age patients or in patients with poor health status or in those patients in which tire of anti dengue 1gM was very high. This thromobocytopenia can be used as a diagnostic tool in addition to clinical history in patients who live in periphery where the facility of ELISA is not available. The rise in platelet number indicates recovery of the patients and it should be monitored daily till the complete recovery of patients is achieved.
The rise in hemoglobin concentration has also been noticed due to hemo concentration about 76% of patients with anti dengue 1gM positive were having elevated level of hemoglobin that is ranging from 17-19 gram/dl. The increase in RBC count has also been noticed in association with increased hemoglobin concentration a mild fall in WBC count has also been noticed i-e upto 4000 in 76% of the patients. In those patients who were +ve for malarial parasites and negative for dengue 1gM, such changes in blood pictures were not appreciated although the vector of both diseases is same but AD's mosquitoes which is the carrier of dengue virus (an ARBO virus) causes more severe form of disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1198,T] (1).
6.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Ear Mite Investiation In Cat
by Tariq Khan | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Kamran | prof. Dr. M. Sarwar Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Cates are a common companion animal and their worldwide population exceeds 500 million. The ear mite O. cynotis is the most common mange mite of dogs and cates. In the presence tudy, the prevalence of Otocdectes cynotis was reorded in pet cats in the area of district Lahore. The animals found positive with O. cynotis were divided into four groups. In group A, ivermctin was applied topically in the ears at the dos rate of 500 ug/kg B.W (0.05ml) twise a week in the form of drops. The efficacy of ivermectin was observed by collecting the sample on day 7, 14 and 28 after the commencement of treatment. Similarly, in Group B, Fipronil (0.5ml) and in Group C, cypermethrin at the dose of 0.5ml/each ear were employed however, Groiup D was kept as control and was not given any treatment. The data obtained was statistically analysed under analysis of variance technique. Results showed that prevalence was 45.34%, 6.17% and 25.71% in Persian, Siamese and Local breeds of the cats respectively. Age wise prevalence i.e., biorth to 12 months, 1-5 years and 5 plus age group was 40.38%, 27.97% and 17.5% respectively. Insecticides used in study i.e, Iveremectin (A) and Fipronil (B) showed 100% efficacy while, Cypermethrin (c) was 75% in its performance.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1238,T] (1).
7.
Clinico- Pathological Studies Of Ascites In Broiler Chickens
by Hafiz Muhammad Anwar- ul- Haq | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. M. Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This study was carried out on total of 310 samples. Out of these samples, 200 were the blood samples (100 from the diseased birds and 100 from the apparently healthy birds), second were the tissue samples of liver which were 80 in number (50 from the ascitic birds and 30 from the apparently healthy birds). Then 20 were the water samples (10 from the source of water production and remaining 10 were from the drinking levels of the birds) and 10 feed samples. Samples were collected from randomly selected ten (10) broiler poultry farms in the district Gujranwala having the problem of ascites. The study was completed in four parts. In first part, serum biochemical parameters of liver were studied. The included parameters were total serum proteins, albumins, globulins, A/G ratio and SGPT. In second part of project, mineral profiles of serum concentrations were studied. Then in third part of the study, the collected, feed and water samples were analyzed for their dietary mineral levels. Sodium, potassium and chloride were the minerals, selected for study. Studies of the mineral profiles of feed and water samples were conducted at the Department of Nutrition, U.V.A.S. Lahore. Then the correlation was studied between the dietary mineral levels present in the feed and water, to the mineral levels exhibiting in the serum samples. On the basis of mineral levels present in the feed, water and serum samples, it was concluded that the Na and chloride may contribute to the development of ascities as the results were significant (P>0.05) but the role of K in this regard was not seemed to be significant (P<0.05) thus it may not has any significant contribution in the development of ascites syndrome. In fourth and last part of study, histopathology of the tissue samples was conducted. In this part of study, the tissue samples, collected from liver of ascitic birds and apparently healthy birds were subjected to histopathology and microscopic examination for significant changes. Histopathological studies showed that the hepatic degeneration, hepatic necrosis and fibrosis of the hepatic capsule were the common findings in the diseased group. The study elucidated the marked decrease of serum proteins including the total serum proteins and albumin while it was observed that the ascites syndrome has no significant effect on the enzyme assays of the liver.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1326,T] (1).
8.
Histopathological Investigation Of Pleuropneumonia In Buffaloes Caused By Mycoplasma Bovis
by Ayesha Rabail | Dr. Muti-Ur-Rehman Khan | Dr. Kamran | Prof. Dr. M Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009-2011Dissertation note: This study was conducted by keeping in view the worldwide importance of Mycoplasma bovis to cause pneumonia and many other diseases, as it causes great economic losses to bovine industry. In the current project the incidence of Mycoplasma bovis to cause pleuropneumonia was studied, and its respective histopathological changes in lungs of the pneumonic adult buffaloes and buffalo calves were examined. 100 lung samples for this purpose (50 lung samples from adult buffaloes and 50 lung samples from buffalo calves) were collected from the Lahore Bakar Mandi Abbatoir. Samples were collected on the basis of following criteria: Red hepatization, grey hepatization, multifocal abscess, necrotic lung tissue. These samples were then divided into two portions, one half placed in 10% buffered formalin in the bottles and other half kept in sterile polythene bag. The portion of lungs for bacteriological study was kept in ice box. Histopathological procedure was performed in the pathology department of University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences Lahore. The samples were subjected to histopathological procedures and then slides were observed microscopically for the changes. Microscopically pulmonary odema, consolidation, caseous necrosis, abscess infiltration of mononuclear cells, plasma cells, macrophages, neutrophils infiltration were observed. For culturing of Mycoplasma bovis PPLO broth was prepared and samples were inoculated in the broth medium. At 7th day of inoculation the yellow color of the broth medium appeared which was indicative of positive samples. 30% positive samples in adult buffaloes and 36% in buffalo calves were obtained. These samples were then inoculated on the PPLO agar plates for further precision of results. On agar plates typical colonies of the Mycoplasma were observed under bright field compound microscope and 60% positive samples in adult buffaloes and 66% in buffalo calves were obtained. Next step towards the confirmation of Mycoplasma bovis was specific acridine staining, in which positive of Mycoplasma bovis samples gave dull yellow to colorless appearance of yellow broth medium and gave egg fried colony on agar. 78% adult buffalo and 67% buffalo calves showed positive results. These samples were then subjected to final confirmatory test which was growth inhibition disk test, in which hyper immune sera was raised in rabbits and filter paper disks soaked in this sera were used to check the zone of inhibition on cultured agar plates. 70% positive samples in adult buffaloes and 75% in buffalo calves were obtained which confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma bovis. CFU/ml of the positive samples calculated between 105-108. So the incidence of Mycoplasma bovis to cause pneumonia in adult buffaloes and buffalo calves calculated was (10% and 12%) respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1335,T] (1).
9.
Nutritional Evaluation, Processing And Utilization Of Rumen Contents For Fattening Of Male Lohi Lambs
by Muhammad Shakeel Anwar | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Jalees | Prof. Dr. M. A. Jabbar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: At present, 121.1 million heads of animals in Pakistan annually require about 10.9 and 90.36 tons of crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), respectively. However the respective availability of these two nutrients is 6.7 and 69.0 million tons and thus, CP and TDN are 38.10 and 24.02% deficient per annum. For economical production of balanced feed for livestock, poultry, fish and pet animal, non-conventional feed resources need to be explored to find solution to the existing gaps. For this purpose the present study was conducted to determine the nutritional profile, processing and utilization of rumen contents for fattening of male Lohi lambs. The study was conducted in three phases. In phase one, bovine rumen contents were collected from the slaughter house near Bakar Mandi and were analyzed at Nutrition laboratory, UVAS, Lahore in triplicates before ensiling. In phase two, ensiling of wheat straw (Urea treated @4% of DM of wheat straw and also another ensiling without urea treatment) along with rumen contents will be done with or without 7% addition of molasses for minimum 60 days at Ravi Campus, Pattoki. pH of silages1,2,3&4 after 60 days was 4.78,4.70,4.92 and 5.11 respectively. The silage containing rumen contents and wheat straw showed a increase in C.P as compare to simple rumen contents and silages which were urea treated have significant (p<0.05) increase in C.P. In phase three, a metabolic trial was conducted at Ravi Campus Pattoki, in which 25 male Lohi lambs were fed the diets having total mixed ration (100%TMR) (Tc), 70%TMR with 30% silage1 (T1), 70% TMR plus 30% silage2 (T2), 70%TMR with 30% silage3 (T3), and70% TMR plus 30% silage4 (T4). The data thus obtained was statistically analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. The significant differences between means were tested by Duncan's Multiple Range test. DM intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in control group than other groups offered silages containing rumen contents. There was non significant difference (P>.05) in DM intake between T1.T2 & T3. T4 was non significant to all other treatments. Statistical results showed non significant difference (P>.05) in total weight gain among all the treatments however maximum weight gain was observed in control treatment. Feed efficiency was also non significant (P>.05) among all the treatments. So we can use processed rumen contents as cheap protein source in small Ruminant feed. There were no harmful effects on health of lambs during whole trial. So we can replace 30% of conventional TMR with Rumen Contents safely.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1341,T] (1).
10.
Study On The Pathogenesis Of Clostridium Perferingens (Necrotic Enteritis) In Experimentally Infected
by Arif Mehmood | Dr. Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. M. Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1546,T] (1).
11.
Effecacy Of Prebiotic Galacto-Olingosaccharides Produced In Low Lactose Skimmed Milk Powder By Transgalactosylation
by Tauseef Ahemd Faiz | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. M. Nasir | Prof. Dr. M. Athar Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Functional food does not only provide nutrition but works as defense against human nutrition related diseases (Menrad et al, 2000). Global market of functional foods industry has worth at least 33 billion US$ (Hilliam, 2000). Functional foods are the foods that provide health gains and can reduce the risk of diseases beside basic nutrition, including health care of gut. The first generation of functional foods involved supplementation of calcium (Ca) and vitamins for their recognized health attributes (Saarela et al, 2002). Among these additives, probiotics and prebiotics have acquired more interest as a major group of functional food additives (Gibson and Ziemer, 1998).
GOS present in commercial milk powder has the ability to promote the growth of bifidobacterium and lactobacilli in vitro reported by the studies (Cummings et al, 2001; Cummings, 1995).The market of GOS in infant formulae milk as a food ingredient and due to its bifidogenic properties is gaining popularity (Chow, 2002). GOS are chiefly used in infant milk formula and infant foods (Crittenden and Playne, 2009). Their remarkable thermostable properties allow them to be incorporated in large variety of foods and commercial products in addition to infant foods (Yang and Silva, 1995). Recently, they have been used in beverages (fruit juices and other acid drinks), meal replacers, fermented milks, flavored milks, and confectionery products (Affertsholt-Allen, 2007).
Laboratory scale reactions for GOS synthesis were carried out by dissolving 600mM lactose solution in phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH: 6.8) to which £]-galactosidase at varying levels was added. As indicated by studies in the literature (Kim, 1997; Barbara et al, 2006; Playne et al, 2009), high lactose concentrations facilitate transglycosylation reactions.
Milk was procured from local market and concentrated for 15 min and milk was stored at refrigeration temp for further analysis. 5ml of milk samples was taken for enzyme analysis 0£gl, 100£gl, 200£gl, 300£gl and 800£gl respectively samples was collected at 30min
_____________________________________________________________SUMMARY
48
and 1hr. Enzyme was denatured by applying heat and samples were analyzed on TLC with lactose and Yakult Oligomate (Oligomate 55N.) as standard.
Large scale milk trial was done with respect to our optimization trial is was carried out temprature of 42.5„a C with 2.5hr reaction time. 10litter milk was transgalactosylated and boiling was done at 100„a C to stop further enzyme acticity. Milk was dried through freeze drying technique in PCSIR lahore.
Mean values for proximate data of Milk powder is presented in table 4.4 shows Dry matter (96.03¡Ó1.12) while for Fat, Ash and Protein values respectively(18.04¡Ó1.53), (4.02¡Ó0.91) and (31.75¡Ó1.41) respectively.
The statistical analysis pertaining to Lactobacilli log10 cfu/g of feces in two groups of mice divided on the basis of prebiotic milk powder incorporation in their diet were highly significant (P <0.01) and also highly significant in study intervals. Similarly bifidobacteria and E.Coli log10 cfu/g in feces of mice were significantly different (P <0.01) in groups and with study interval times.
Functional food product milk powder containing transgalactosylated oligosaccharides milk powder can be used at extensive scale for human trials. This could be value added product in which we could produce prebiotic economically.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1594,T] (1).
12.
Pathology Of Experimental Enterotoxemia In Sheep And Goats
by Azam Ali Nasir | Prof. Dr. M. Yonus Rana | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muti-ur Rehman Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: During the present study intestinal scrapings were collected from sheep suspected for enterotoxaemia. Samples were subjected for the isolation by repeated culturing in Reinforced Clostridium medium. Growth on blood agar revealed characteristic colonies of Clostridium perfringens after 18-24 hours. Biochemical and mice inoculation tests were performed. Isolated organism was identified by indirect ELISA. The pure growth was subcultured in RCM in bulk quantity and calculated the dose for experimental infection.
In the second part of the study, sheep and goats were procured, dewormed and kept in the experimental house of UVAS, Lahore. The experimental infection comprised of the whole culture of C. perfringens type D was inoculated intraduodenally via para-mid line between animals of group A and B while in animals of group C and D inoculated only starch solution to achieve the objectives. Accumulative clinical score in sheep was found to be 9 to 16, 13 to 22 and 15 to 23 at 10, 20 and 30 hours PI respectively while in goats the accumulative scores varied from 5 to 15, 9 to 16 and 14 to 21 at above mentioned time intervals. The highest mean score for clinical findings in sheep was anorexia, frothing followed by dehydration while in goats, the highest mean score was recorded for diarrhea dehydration, and anorexia. No significant clinical findings were noted in control groups.
There was a significant increase in blood glucose, urea and serum creatinine in infected group of sheep and mean values reached up to 141 mg/dl, 92 mg/dl and 7.5 mg/dl respectively at 30 hours PI while in goats a similar pattern was observed with the mean values raised to 142 mg/dl, 111 mg/dl and 10.2 mg/dl for blood glucose, urea and serum creatinine respectively. There was no significant change found in RBC and platelet count of both species but there was an early increase in the mean WBC count of sheep 19.7x103/µl at 10 hours but then decreased to 14.7x103/µl at 30 hours PI while in goats it was 23.6x103/µl and then decreased to 15.3x103/µl. The mean PCV % age increased in animals of both infected groups but more in goats and reached to 52% in 30 hours.
During the third part of the present study, the animals were slaughtered and PME performed. The accumulative score for gross lesions were recorded and it was found between 14 to 24 in animals of group A with the highest score for congestion and edema of different organs whereas in goats it was between 12 to 22 with congestion and hemorrhages of intestine having highest scores. The samples were kept in formalin for histopathological examination and accumulative lesions score was noted in different organs. The highest mean score in sheep was recorded in kidneys and lungs and in goat intestine, lung and kidneys were the major organs affected.
A polymerase chain reaction was optimized under our own laboratory condition for the detection of alpha and epsilon toxins of Clostridium perfringens type D from different tissues. Alpha gene was amplified at annealing temperature 52.2oC with amplicon size 247bp and ETX gene at the annealing temperature.
50.2oC with amplicon size 665bp.
The erythrocytes of different species were used to know the sensitivity against culture supernatants of C. perfringens type D. It was observed maximum hemolysis occurred in human erythrocytes (68%) followed by mice (57%) at 37oC. It was also recorded that a significant increase was found at 37oC as compared to25oC except for dog and rabbits where no significant difference was observed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1596,T] (1).
13.
Incidence Spatial Distribution And Associated Topographic Risk Factors Of Malaria In Lahore And Rawalpindi
by Prince naeem | Dr. Mamoona chaudhary | Dr. M. Saed | Prof. Dr. M. Athar khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2035,T] (1).
14.
The Effect Of Supplementation Of Galacto-Oligosaccharide And Fructo-Oligosaccharide + Inulin On Mineral Absorption in Rats
by Kaleemullah maawia | Dr. Sanaullah iqbal | Dr. Naureen naeem | Prof. Dr. M.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2067,T] (1).
15.
Preparation Of Galacto-Oligosaccharides In Lactose And Their Influence On Various Biomarkers Of Colon Carcinogenesis In Male Rats
by Fatima Syed | Dr Naureen Naeem | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbql | Prof. Dr. M.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2092,T] (1).
16.
Determination of Biogenic Amines (Histamine & Putrescine) in Sea Fish Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal
by Faseeha Farooqi (2012-VA-541) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. M. Athar khan.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Dissertation note: Biogenic amines (BAs) which are the nitrogenous compounds with lower molecular weight and they are formed by the decarboxylation of free amino acids by bacterial activity in food products during fermentation process and storage of the food (Sorungbe, 2005). Diet having high concentration of these complexes are the main source of biogenic amines in body.The most communal biogenic amines which are identified in food are Putrescine, tyramine, histamine and cadaverine. Uncontrolled microbial enzymatic activity of bacteria causes them to accumulate in food (Adam et al. 1999).
Foods having high quantity of biogenic amines includes fermented vegetables, meat products, fish products, juices, dairy productand alcoholic beverages e-g wine and beer. When biogenic amine histamine is ingested it first reaches to the gastrointestinal tractwhere, it binds to some specific receptors if the detoxification system is not capable to remove it (Jarisch, 2004).
Biogenic amines in bodyinvolves inmany important physiological functions, if their level is high in the body then it signify a direct danger to human well-being. There are some drugs e-g ethanol inhibit enzymes of biogenic amines catabolic pathways (Bodmeret al. 1999).
Presence of biogenic amines can be bad indicator for meat it shows the presence of bacteria in meat which caused spoilage of meat (Miceal et al. 2007).
More quantities of biogenic amines in processed, cooked and fresh foodstuffs can be associated to low sterile quality meat. Histamine which is most common biogenic amine acts as vasodilator and neurotransmitter on cardiovascular system and on central nervous. If histamineexceeds to certain level in body then it causes vomiting,diarrhea,headaches, cramps,stomachache, nausea, migraineand hypotension (Moreira et al. 2008). Histamine stimulatesthe smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus, often increases the exoneration of acid release from gastric mucosa, diarrhea, stomach ache and cramps. Another signs ofhistaminases causes the allergic reactions to the skin which includes pruritus flush and urticarial. Reduction of biogenic aminesin food industry is amission for the future (Prithwiraj et al. 2010).
Improvement of diagnostic standard approaches for identification of biogenic amines in food product is good attention not only because of their toxicity level, on the other hand it can also be used as food quality indicators, consenting biogenic amine checking from raw materials to the ready to eat food. In corresponding, techniques for the identification of biogenic amines generating bacteria been established to access risk of biogenic amines formation in food content and to avoid their accumulation in eatable stuff. Safety of food is the main obligation that should be fulfilled during manufacturing process. While high intensity of biogenic amines are associated to customer health and their deliberations in food still not sufficiently standardized by governing organizations (Lehane et al. 2000). At present time, there are certainly no common regulations which defines the parameters and limits of biogenic amine tolerance in food products. Biogenic amine levels are irregularly distributed in food product on the other hand more control must be used on fermented food products of local source or got with traditional procedures (Paulsen et al. 2007).
It is assumed that the existence of biogenic foodborne harming or poisoning is generally underestimated for the reason that of misdiagnosis and under reporting. We believes that the scientific diffusion of the tools that identify or determine the development of biogenic amines in food and the hazards related to their consumption might contribute to increase the alertness and awareness of hands involved which encourages the more responsible portion and consumption of better protection and quality of food (Patange et al. 2005).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2201,T] (1).
17.
Sawan e Hayaat: Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
by Prof. Dr. M. A Sufi.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Book Home; 2014Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 915.40350924 Sufi 30964 1st 2014 Biography] (2).
18.
Surgical Ward (Novel)
by Prof. Dr. M. Imtiaz Rasool.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Minhaaj-Ul-Quraan; 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.432 Imtiaz 22349 1st 2007 Urdu.Novel] (1).
19.
Effect of two Feeding Regimens of Sodium Humate on Health and Production Traits of Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Shaheen Iqbal (2004-VA-16) | Prof. Dr. Saima | Prof. dr. Anjum Khalique | Prof. Dr. M. Abdullah.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Thesis submitted with blank cd. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2472-T] (1).
20.
China ka Chillah
by Prof. Dr. M. Abdullah.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Maktaba-e- Alia; 2009Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 910 Abdullah 23506 1st 2009 Urdu.Literature] (1).
