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Assesment Of Buffalo Semen By Reduction Assay

by Muhammad Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof.Dr.Ijaz Ahmad | Prof.Dr.Talat | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: In this study twenty Nili Ravi buffalo bulls were used. Semen was collected once weekly and each collection comprised two ejaculates .. Total volume of the semen was observed using graduated tube and the concentration by Spectrophotometer. Both the ejaculates were pooled and a representative sample of each collection was evaluated for viability using MTT Reduction Assay, Eosin and Nigrosin Staining, Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test and Motility. The results of the study shows high correlation (r = 1.00) between the MTT reduction rate and the sperm viability. When the %age of MTT viable sperm cells were compared with the E&N, HOST and Motility a negative correlation was found suggesting the physiological difference between the tests. On the basis of this study it can be concluded that the MTT reduction Assay is an objective test and more reliable than the other tests which are more subjective and can be influenced by the experience of the indivi~ MTT Reduction Assay is more reliable test for the assessment of viability as it is simple and inexpensive. The results of our study suggest additional advantages of this test in evaluation ofNili Ravi Baffalo semen. Many samples and its replicates can be measured in the same time. It can be used successfully in routine analysis, where time, costs and practicability are important Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1014,T] (1).

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2.
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Comparison Of Reproductive Efficiency Of Beetal Goats In Different Management

by Muhammad Younos | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof.Dr.Hafiz | Prof.Dr.Ijaz Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The present study was conducted at two fanns (1) NH goat fann at Raiwind and (2) BN at Okara. The study consist the reproductive efficiency of beetal goats in different management systems. In this study we compared two management systems of goat production i.e. (1) seasonal (2) year round breeding were compared on the basis of reproductive efficiency and growth parameters, moreover cost effectiveness of the both systems were compared on the basis of their outcomes. In this study, reproductive and productive parameters of n = 72 adult goats + 2 bucks in each flock were collected and analyzed. Data regarding pubertal and twinning of their progeny born during a period of a year were collected and compared. Goats of same breed and comparable ages and body weight, body condition scoring were used in this study. Study was carried out at similar period of time for one year. The conception rate was higher at NH than BN goat fann. It was 0.809± 0.058 in BN and 0.88 ± 0.066 in NH respectively. The birth weight of male and female kids ofBN fann was higher than NH kids. It was (3.824 ±0.083 kg) in BN kids (3.513 ± 0.20 kg) in NH kids respectively. While the weight of female kids were (3.503 ±0.083 kg) in BN kids and (3.456 ± 0.10 kg) in NH kids. The age at puberty was higher at BN (245.3 ± 2.9 days) than NH goat fann (242.4 ±1.9 days). The kidding interval at BN was higher than NH flock. It was (314 ± 20 day) and (224.8 ± 0.915 days) days respectively. The post partum anestrous exhibited only in NH does, because in this fann the buck was free all around the year and after (50.0± 3.95 days) the does mate if they are in estrous, while in BN fann, bucks were free during the season. The body condition scoring (1-5 point) was higher in NH goats (2.44 ± 0.14) than BN goat fann (1.91 ± 0.11). The Body weight of does between both flocks were higher in BN (42.47 ± 0.92) than in N H goat farm (41.10 ± 1.9). The high concentrate feeding intake between two farms showed that the concentrate feed intake was higher in BN 491.5 ± 8.5 gm per day per goat than N H goat farm (146 ± 30 gm per day. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the reproductive efficiency of Beetal goats in N H goat farm was higher than BN farm~ because the seasonal breeding at BN has limited the kidding frequency. Where as~ all year round breeding was efficient and the kidding distribution almost doubled in the same year. The cost of feeding was higher in BN than NH goat farm~ because they provide concentrate daily~ but the cost of labour and miscellaneous was higher in NH than BN goat farm. The management of feeding~ green fodder was higher and there were sufficient green fodder for whole year in NH goat farm. The reproductive performance of Beetal goats can be improved by good managemental systems and all year round breeding. Research and development efforts can significantly improve reproductive efficiency of goats and simultaneously enhance the livelihood of the poor. Structuring the whole system via adapted reproductive techniques (thus allowing high levels of productivity). Findings of this study would be useful to determine the viability of systems on the basis of reproductive efficiency and may provide basic guidelines to establish goat farms in the future. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1048,T] (1).

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3.
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Comparative Volume Assessment Of Nili Ravi Buffalo Hoof Being Reared On Different Flooring Systems

by Ihsan Ali | Dr.Hafsa Zaneb | Dr.Muhammad Aslam | Prof.Dr.ijaz.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The bovine hoof volume can be affected by various factors like age, breed, season, nutrition, and type of flooring. Concrete and abrasive floors increase the wear and tear of horn tissues while rubber mat lowers growth rate and wear and tear. The growth rate of claw horn is faster in yearling and young as compared to mature cattle. Keeping in view the above mentioned effects of age and flooring system on hoof morphology, present study was designed to 1. Estimate hoof volume as an indication of' hoof size in buffalo under different flooring systems. 2. Compare hoof volume of adult and immature buffaloes. 3. Compare hoof volume with body weight. The study was carried out on two different flooring systems (concrete and soft) and consisted of 30 mature (11 years) and 30 immature (2 years) animals. Fifteen adult and fifteen immature animals were selected from Buffalo Research Institute (BR1) Pathoki, district Kasur and. the remaining 15 adult and 1 5 immature were selected from backyard farms in rural areas of Punjab (Sheikhupura). The age and weight of the animals were determined by dental formula and tape measurement method respectively. For assessment of hoof volume three measurements, (coronary band, base, and abaxial) were taken from medial (left and right) and lateral (left and right) claws of fore and hind lim.b in centimeters. The measurements of lateral and medial claws of same hoof were added and the values were put in the following tbrmula: Claw volume (cm3) = (17.192 x Base) + (7.467 AbaxGr) + 45.270 x (CorBand) -- 798.5. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using one way Anova and independent t-test. Significant differences of mean were obtained between right fore and right hind, left fore and left hind hooves of both adult and immature animals, Significant differences of mean were also recorded between hoof volume of animals reared on concrete floor at BRI and soft floor at backyard farm. The results were also significant with respect to weight bearing capacity between fore and hind hooves. No significant difference of mean was observed when volume of right and left fore hoof and right and left hind hoof was compared. The results of our study showed that hoof volume is affected by flooring systems. The smaller hoof volume was obtained from animals reared on concrete floor as compared to soft floor. When hoof volume reduces, risk of lameness increases because of decreased weight bearing capacity. Flooring systems greatly affect the hoof volume. The concrete flooring system decreases the hoof volume because of friction. While on the other hand soft flooring system of backyard farms allow less friction and sustain hoof volume up to much extent. Greater hoof volume results in increased weight bearing capacity which is a protective factor in reference to lameness. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1234,T] (1).

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4.
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Response Of Cryopreserved Nili-Ravi Buffalo Bull Semen To Alpha Lipoic Acid Inclusion In Semen Extender

by Ali Gohar | Prof.Dr.Ijaz Ahmad | Faculty of Biosciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: In Pakistan buffalo is the main milk producing animal. Proven buffalo bulls are small in number and at the same time semen volume and sperm concentration is also low as compared to cattle. The major problem from the reproductive point of view seems to be low fertility (33%) particularly when being inseminated with frozen semen. The most probable causes are mechanical and chemical damages to the spermatozoa during cryopreservation processes particularly motion characteristics and morphological changes (e.g., plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity) which cause a consequent reduction in the sufficient number of viable sperm cells at the site of fertilization. All these parameters are prone to oxidative changes which occur during the cryopreservation of semen. A minimum loss of spermatozoa during semen processing can be the only option for optimal use of the few elite buffalo bulls. Addition of any suitable antioxidant like ALA to the semen extender might be helpful in reducing these causes and will ultimately improve reproductive efficiency of buffalo bulls used in AI. In this study, semen from healthy Nili Ravi buffalo bulls (n=5) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels of ALA @ 0.50mM, 1.00mM, 2.00mM, 3.00.0mM, and 4.00mM. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of ALA. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 4 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Physiology Laboratory of UVAS, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOST assay), acrosomal integrity (NAR) and vitality (Live/Dead). Five straws from each ALA treatment group were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. The data collected was presented as cells ± SE and treatment groups were compared using one way analysis of variance. The group differences were compared by using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results of this study revealed that addition of 0.50mM ALA in semen extender may be useful from the cryopreservation point of view. In conclusion addition of 0.50mM ALA in semen extender improved post-thawed semen quality in terms of spermatozoa motility and plasma membrane integrity, which indicates that the importance of an antioxidant in semen extender can not be neglected. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1240,T] (1).

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