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Improvement In The Nutritive Value Of Fibrous Crop By-Products By Urea Treatment

by Rafaqat Ali | Dr. Nisar Ahmed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Talat Naseer Pasha.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Wheat straw and rice straw are two of the largest annually harvested crop by-products in Pakistan, and are commonly fed to buffaloes as well as cattle as a staple roughage source. These coarse roughages are essentially energy feeds in which the cell wall constituents may be as high as 80 percent of the total dry matter. However, productivity in ruminants given such straw diets is limited, primarily due to energy deficiency. Low digestibility and low nitrogen content of these roughages does not adequately satisfy microbial growth requirements, which are therefore major limiting factors responsible for poor efficiency of nutrient utilization. In the present study, two fibrous crop by-products - wheat straw and rice straw, were treated with urea (as a source of ammonia), at 50 percent moisture level with or without added urease source at two different temperatures (220C and 390C) for three different periods (14, 21 and 28 days). Digestibilities of the treated and untreated feedstuffs were determined by in sacco technique. All the samples were chemically analysed for proximate as well as cell wall constituents before and after any treatment and after incubation in the rumen. Increasing duration of urea-treatment invariably increased the crude protein content in all the treatments. At 28 days, difference between crude protein values of samples treated with urea alone or urea along with urease source was not statistically significant. Crude fiber contents of wheat and rice straw was inversely effected both by higher temperature and longer treatment period. Both mineral matter contents and ether extract values were not significantly effected by any of the treatment while NFE values were significantly reduced. Decrease in NDF and hemicellulose values after treatment was observed. Addition of urease hastened the process, though at 28 days, the difference between samples treated with or without the addition of urease was non-significant. Treatments increased the in sacco disappearance of DM, CF, CP, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose. Addition of urease and higher temprature increased the rate of change. Difference between urea treated and urea plus urease treatmed samples was relatively more marked in case of wheat straw than in rice straw, though in both the feedstuffs, it was non-significant at the end of treatment i.e., 28 days. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0401,T] (1).

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Effect Of Hormone Addition (Pgf 2 Alpha) And Oxytocin In Semen Extender On Post Thaw Semen Quality And Fertility in Nili Ravi Buffaloes

by Dr. Rafaqat Ali | Dr. Muhammad Amir Saeed | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: This project was executed to improve the semen quality during freezing process and to improve subsequent fertility rate in Nili-Ravi buffaloes with hormones (PGF2a and oxytocin) supplementation. Pooled semen from Nih Ravi buffalo bulls (n2) was divided into 8 equal parts after complete evaluation and subjected to the hormonal treatments. PGF2a (Lutalyse®) @ 2.5mg, 5.0mg and 7.5mg and oxytocin (Cintocinon®) @ 2.5 I.U, 5.0 I.U and 7.5 I.U/lOOml of diluted semen were added. One group (-ye control) received indomethacin @ 20mg + PGF2a @ 5.Omg/lOOmi of diluted semen. One group remained without any treatment (+ve control). Semen was cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 4 h ours and frozen i n liquid nitrogen. After 24 hours of deep freezing, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay), acrosome integrity (NAR), viability (Live/Dead), longevity (hours) and fertility. Four (4) straws from each treatment group were thawed and pooled in 5m1 cuvette in water bath at 37°C and evaluated for quality parameters. Twenty five (25) straws from each treatment group were used to inseminate the buffaloes in standing estrus at 3 A.I centers (Phool nagar, Changa manga and Kot radlia kishen) in district Kasur. Pregnancy was checked 60 days post insemination. Data collected was presented as mean ± SEM, treatment groups were compared using ANOVA, unpaired two sample test and Pearson correlation at 5% level of confidence interval using Minitab® computer software. Results o f this study revealed that addition of both Lutalyse® (PGF2a) and Cintocinon® (oxytocin) did not show significant (P>0.05) improvement in any quality parameters measured and a non significant correlation was observed between treated groups and control except indomethacin and viability of spermatozoa where a significant negative correlati9n (r = -0.980) was found. However, blocking of seminal prostaglandins with indomethacin shows significant (P<0.05) deterioration in percentage motility, plasma membrane integrity, viability and longevity of spermatozoa but acrosome integrity remain unchanged. Results of fertility trial showed significant difference (P<0.5) among treatment groups. In conclusion, we can say that although hormonal addition did not improve semen quality but improve fertility rate, therefore, the importance of prostaglandins in semen can not be neglected. The W nature and physiological amount in buffalo semen should be investigated and maintained by exogenous addition after dilution during processing to maintain post thaw semen quality and fertility. However, it is suggested that pure forms of hormones should be used to add in semen instead of Lutalyse® as it contains 1.56% alcohol which is supposed to be detrimental to spermatozoa. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0923,T] (1).

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