1.
Studiesw On The Senility Pattern In Relation To Reproductive Efficienty In Male Nili-Ravi Buffalo
by Farman Ahmad | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0039,T] (1).
2.
Accuracy Of Rectal Diagnosis Of Corpus Luteum In Nili Ravi Buffalo
by Subhan Qureshi, M | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0040,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Corticosteroid On Uterine Involution And Related Changes Of Blood Picture In Postparturient Nili Ravi
by Munawar Hussain Gill | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | M.Tahir Khan | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0041,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Different Freezing Levels On The Freezability Of Buffalo Bull Semen
by Javaid Iqbal Ch | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Ata-Ur-Rehman | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0043,T] (1).
5.
Prevalence Of Brucellosis In Repeat Breeder Cows In Peshawar District (North West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P)
by Ali Nazar Bangash | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Muhammed | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0044,T] (1).
6.
Occurrence Of Pathogenic Bacteria In Buffalo Bull Semen
by Aleem, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Ata-Ur-Rehman | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0045,T] (1).
7.
Comparison Of Vaginal Bacterial Flora In Teddy Goats With And Without Reproductive Disorders
by Tauseef Ali Raza | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Dr. Talat | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: A total number of 140 teddy goats were included in the study to compare the bacterial flora of vagina. Out of 140 goats, 80 had a history of normal lambing and fertility while 60 goats had a history of reproductive problems such as repeat breeding, infertility etc.
A total of 120 bacteria belonging to 9 different species were isolated. 20 samples were bacteriologically sterile. The ercentage of various organisms isolated from samples was as under: -
Staphylococcus aureus 29.16% (35 isolates)
Corynebacterium pyogenes 27.50% (33 isolates)
Streptococcus pyogenes 11.66% (14 isolates)
Pseudomonas 9.66% (11 isolates)
Bacillus subtilis 6.66% ( 8 isolates)
Proteus vulgaris 5 % ( 6 isolates)
Bacillus cereus 4.16% ( 5 isolates)
Micrococcus 3.33% ( 4 isolates)
Lactobacillus 3.33% ( 4 isolates)
In-vitro sensitivity of isolates revealed that STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS was 82.85% sensitive to Gentamycin, 71.42% to biotics, 64% to Chloramphenicol, 54.28% to Terramycin, 28.57% to rimethoprim, 20% to Ampicillin and 8.57% to Erythromycin.
CORYNEBACTERIUM PYOGENES was 84.84% sensitive to Cornbiotics , ':> 69.69% to Choromphe nicol , 12.12% to Erythromycin, 29.75% to Terramycin, 30.30% to Ampicillin, 15.51% to Gentamycin and 7.43% to Trimethoprim.
STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES was 92.85% sensitive to gentamycin, 71. 43% to combiotics, and 42.85% to hloramphenicol. It was resistant to Erythromycin, Terramycin, Ampicillin and Trimethoprim.
PSEUDOMONAS Spp was 72.72% sensitive to Combiotics, 45.45% to Chloramphenicol, 36.36% to Gentamycin, 27.27% to Terramycin, 18.18% to Erythromycin, Ampicillin and Trimethoprim.
BACILLUS SUBTILIS was 100% sensitive to Chloramphenical, Terramycin, Ampicillin and Gentamycin and 83.3% to Combiotics. It was resistant to Erythromycin and Trimethoprim.
PROTEUS VULGARIS was 100% senstitive to combiotics, Chloram- phenical, Erythromycin, Terramycin, Ampicillin, Gentamycin and Trimethoprim.
BACILLUS CEREUS was 100% sensitive to all the above antibiotics/ Salfonamides tried.
MICROCOCCUS was 100% sensitive to all the above antibiotics/ sulfonamides used.
LACTOBACILLUS was 100% sensitive to all of the above antibiotics/ sulfonamides. The vaginal samples of goats in reproductive problem group revealed a higher bacterial count as compared to healthy group and it was concluded that higher bacterial load in the agina was responsible for the reproductive problems.
No strain of Brucella or vibrio could be isolated. The animals treated intra-vaginally responded favourably. On the basis of in-vitro sensitivity test c'ombiotic is recommended for the treatment of vaginal infections.
The preliminary study on the vaginal bacterial flora of the Teddy goats is the first of its kind ever attempted in Pakistan. Further studies on the lines attempted in the present investigation are suggested and in any future attempt it will be highly desirable if other micro-organisms besides bacteria are studied. Furthermore large number of animals both apparently healthy as well as those showing reproductive disorder in various egions of the country should be included in any future endeavour to bring these studies to their logical conclusions.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0046,T] (1).
8.
Studies On Reproductive Potentials Of Rambouillet Sheep Reared At Govt. Livestock Experiment Station, Jaba,
by Wahid Mir Khan | Naeem Ullah Khan | Asif Rabbani | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0047,T] (1).
9.
Synchronization Of Oestrus Using Prostaglandin F2 Alpha And Serum Progesterone Profile During Oestrus
by Kazim Raza Chohan | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Munir Ahmed | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0048,T] (1).
10.
Studies On Gross And Microscopic Structures Of Ovaries And Oviducts During Different Stags Of Estrous Cycle In Teddy Goats
by Iqbal, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Mansoor | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0049,T] (1).
11.
Studies On The Pre-Pubertal Development Of The Reproductive Organs And Other Related Endocrine Glands In Male Nili Ravi Buffalo Bull Calves Of 6 Month Age
by Mansoor Ali | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Ata-Ur-Rehman | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0051,T] (1).
12.
Studies On Semen Characteristics And Fertility Of Lohi Rams At Different Ages
by Babar Raza Khan | Naeem Ullah Khan | Nisar Ahmed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0052,T] (1).
13.
Studies On The Population Of Primordial Follicles In Teddy Goats
by Saeed Akhtar, M | Naeem Ullah Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0053,T] (1).
14.
Effect Of Different Extenders On The Extracellular Release Of Hyaluronidase And Acrosin From Buffalo Bull
by Tasneem Akhtar | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0054,T] (1).
15.
Studies On Reproductive Efficiency Of Bhagnari Cattle, Maintained At Govt. Cattle Farm Usta Muhammad Balochistan
by Azam, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0088,T] (1).
16.
Sero Epidemiological Survey Of Bovine Brucellosis Associated With Reproductive Disorders In Quetta District, Balochistan
by Faqir Mohammad | Naeem Ullah Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0089,T] (1).
17.
Sero Prevalence Of Leptospirosis In The Exotic Dairy Cattle In And Around Quetta
by Ashfaq Hussain, Bhatti | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0090,T] (1).
18.
Evaluation Of Dual Staining Procedure To Detect The Viability And True Acrosome Reaction Of Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa
by Munir Ahmad | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Tayyab Rahil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0091,T] (1).
19.
Studies On Morphology Of Buffalo Bull Semen Of Different Age Groups
by Anwer Saeed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Malik | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0125,T] (1).
20.
Immune Response In Chicks Administered Mukteswar And Lasota Strain Newcastle Disease Vaccines Through Different Routes (Intraocular, Drinking Water, Subcutanequsly And Intramuscularly)
by Raza-ul-Haq | Muham,med Akram Muneer | Ata Ur | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: This study was under-taken to compare the immune response of 6 weeks old chickens which were administered Mukteswar and LaSota Strain NDV Vaccines through different routes (intraocular, drinking water, subcutaneous or intramuscular).
Birds in groups E and G which were subcutaneously and intramuscularly vaccinated with the Mukteswar strain of ND Vaccine had GMT of 181. and 315 respectively. All the vaccinates resisted virulent NDV challenge and did not show any clinical signs or untoward reaction following challenge. The groups F & H which were vaccinated subcutaneously and intramuscularly with LaSota Strain of ND Vaccine had GMT of 74 and 91, respectively. All the vaccinates of groups F and H resisted challenge. Groups A and B were administered Mukteswar and LaSota Strain of ND Vaccine intraocularly. Their GMT was 84 and 45,. respectively. LaSota Strain Vaccine conferred 80% protection while the Mukteswar Strain Vaccine afforded 92% protection.
Groups C and D were administered Mukteswar and LaSota Strain ND Vaccines through drinking water. Their GMT on 21 days postvaccination was 74 and 6.9 respectively. The postchallenge protection rate of Mukteswar and LaSota Strain vaccines was 72 percent and 68 percent, respectively.
This study indicates that the Mukteswar strain induces higher HI titre and protection percentage than the LaSota Strain irrespective of the route of administration.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0173,T] (1).
21.
Physical And Biochemical Studies On Cervical Mucus During Oestrus In Normal And Repeat Breeding Buffaloes
by Faiz Karim Qureshi | Naeem Ullah Khan | F.H. Shah | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Observations have been made on the cervical mucus of buffaloes with particular reference to i) the occurance of cervical mucus and changes associated with ovarian activity 2) the significance of various tests on cervical 5ecretions, 3, its composition and 4) the longevity of spermatazoa with in the mucus. For this purpose mucus samples were collected from 40 clinically nomral buffaloes upto 6th lactations from the artificial insemination centre Multan.
The mucus samples were subjected to physical examination immediately after collection. For biochemical studies, the samples were stored in stoppered bottles at - 20CC till the analysis which was completed with in 2 months of collection in the P.C.S.I.R Labortary, Lahore. The animals were followed after two months of insemination for pregnancy test by rectal palpation. Amongest 40 buffaloes that were examined for pregnancy only 22 were pregnant. 18 buffaloes grouped under repeat breeders had normal oestrus cycles, but did not settle with in two inseminations. Physical characteristic were colour, Transpancey, Ferning, Refractive Index, & pH. under biochemical examination Calcium, Plagnesium, Inorganic Phorsphorus, Sodium and Potassium contents were studied.
Physical properties of cervical mucus like colour, transparency are found to be unsatisfactory tools for screening of repeat breeder animals. However higher percentage of typical ferning, lower range of refractive index are the parameters to be given due consideration while screening repeat breeders cases. Significant increase in pH of cervical mucus of repeat breeding buffaloes was observed..
There was no significant difference in the concentration of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium but significantly higher concentration of inorganic phosphorus recorded in the cervical mucus of fertile animals. It has been postulated as one of the criteria for assessment of fertility in buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0212,T] (1).
22.
Studies On The Mating Behaviour And Semen Characteristics Of Teddy And Beetal Bucks
by Tariq Aleem | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Nisar Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Present study was made to assess the relationship between Libido, mating behaviour and semen characteristics of two different breeds of bucks (Teddy Vs Bectal) at different stages of age. in past, no parameters have been fixed to investigate the effect of Sexual activities on the semen production and different semen characteristics of bucks Libido, mating behaviour and semen quality has been evaluated by using various tests for different physical parameters.
A significant difference was observed in the Libido and mating behaviour indices with in the breeds and within the age groups i.e. 86.99 ± 1.25 Vs. 83.55 ± 3.89 (Group I Vs. II), 82.99 ± 3.17 Vs. 79.44 + 0.49 (group III Vs. IV) and 85.83 ± 0.83 Vs. 84.84 ± 3.69 (group I Vs. II) 81.79 + 2.00 Vs. 84.09 ± 1.04 (group III Vs. IV) where as a significant difference was observed in the volume of ejaculates, Percentage of live/dead spermatozoa, percentage of tail and mid piece abnormalities between the bucks of all the four groups i.e., 0.98 ml ±Vs. 1.02 ml ± 0.05 (group I Vs. II), 1.2 ml ± 0.04 Vs. 1.25 ml ± 0.09 (grouplll Vs. IV) and 5.14% + 0.37 Vs. 3.98 ± 0.29 kind 6.15 ± 0.45 Vs.4.32 ± 0.42 respectively.
Where as, for mid piece abnormalities it was 7.01 ± 0.24 Vs. 1.48 ± 0.16 and 6.01% + 0.2 Vs. 1.32 ± 0.9 respectively. A highly significant difference was recorded for sperm cell concentration per ml and the percentage of total morphologically abnormal spermatozoa within the breed and within the age groups i.e., 2903.83 X io6 ± 24.35 Vs. 3829.03 X io6 ± 40.22 (group I Vs. II) and 2992.34 X 106 ± 26.83 Vs. 3776.74 X 1o6 ± 39.73 (group III Vs. IV) and 15.97 ± 0.74 Vs. 4.74 ± 0.29 (group I Vs. II), 16.98$ + 0.8 Vs. 3.95 ± 0.25 (group III Vs. IV). A non-significant difference was found in mass motility, pH, percentage of head abnormalities and percentage of presence of plasma droplet.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0214,T] (1).
23.
Serosurveillance Of Brucellosis And Leptospirosis In Horses At Lahore
by Amir Altaf, M | Muhammed Ajmal | M. Akram Muneer | Rashid Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0231,T] (1).
24.
A Quantitative Investigation Of Primordial Follicles In Noncycling 3-4 Years Nili-Ravi Buffalo Heifers
by Izaz Anjum | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Manzoor | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Late puberty is the major factor in buffalo heifers leading to low reproductive efficiency resulting in economic losses. Very little information was available about the reproductive potential based on quantitative investigation of primordial follicles and their relation with the ovarian size and weight which directly affects the attainment of puberty.
The present study was designed to determine the number of primordial follicles in non - cycling 3 - 4 years buffalo heifers and results were based on the specific selection of the animals after confirmation of age by dentition, general physical examination, the reproductive status after slaughter. This was achieved by the collection of 12 samples (ovaries) from six animals, two animals belonging to each age group of 3 years, 3 1/2 years and 4 years.
In the heifer Al, the right ovary was more round in shape than left but somewhat softer in consistency than the left ovary. In the heifer A2, the left ovary was somewhat flattened than right ovary which was firmer in consistency than the left ovary and surface was nodular in both ovaries. In the heifer Bi the left ovary was less oval than the right one but was harder in consistency than right ovary. In the heifer B2 the left ovary was more oval in shape than right and somewhat nodular and softer in consistency than right ovary. In the heifer Cl, the left ovary was oval and right elliptical in shape having smooth surface throughout while the right ovary was harder in consistency than left one. In the heifer C2, both ovaries were almost similar in shape which were more oval almost round and right ovary was quite hard and its palpation was almost impossible.
The average weights of ovaries in two non cycling buffalo heifers of Group A (3 years) were 3.30 ± 0.50 gm for the left and 3.90 ± 0.10 gm for the right ovaries (Table 3). The average weights of ovaries in two non cycling buffalo heifers of Group B (3 1/2 years) were 2.70 ± 0.30 gm for the left and 2.90 ± 0.30 gm for the right ovaries (Table 3). The average weights of ovaries in two non cycling buffalo heifers of Group C (4 years) were 2.40 ± 0.40 gm for the left and 2.70 ± 0.70 gm for the right ovaries (Table 3).
The average size of the ovaries of Group A heifers (3 years) was 2.61 ± 0.53 cm x 1.64 ± 0.40 cm x 1.53 ± 0.13 cm in length, width and thickness respectively for the left ovaries and same for the right ovaries was 2.61 ± 0.35 cm x 1.88 ± 0.10 cm x 1.65 ± 0.01 cm (Table 5). The average size of the ovaries of Group B heifers (3 1/2 years) was 2.39 ± 0.13 cm x 1.58 ± 0.10 cm x 1.31 ± 0.13 cm in length, width and thickness respectively for the left ovaries and same for the right ovaries was 2.39 ± 0.05 cm x 1.55 ± 0.21 cm x 1.34 ± 0.09 cm (Table 6). The average size of the ovaries of Group C heifers (4 years) was 2.18 ± 0.08 cm x 1.41 0.16 cm x 1.35 ± 0.0cm in length, width and thickness respectively for the left ovaries and same for the right ovaries was 2.56 ± 0.50 cm x 1.48 ± 0.16 cm x 1.26 + 0.02 cm (Table 7). The mean volume i.e. length x width x thickness for the left and right ovaries of the heifers belonging to Group A was 6.39 ± 0.66 cm3 and 8.05 ± 0.71 cm3 respectively and the same for the heifers belonging to Group B was 5.03 ± 1.08 cm3 and 4.99 ± 0.90 cm3 respectively and for the heifers belonging to Group C was 4.18 ± 0.63 cm3 and 4.86 ± 1.38 cm3 respectively.
The average number of primordial follicles for the left ovaries was 22108 ± 1099 and the same for the right ovaries was 22920 ± 106 in the heifers belonging to Group A (Table 25). The average number of primordial follicles for the left ovaries was 21105 ± 1304 and the same for the right ovaries was 21956 ± 1835 in the heifers belonging to Group B (Table 26). The average number of primordial follicles for the left ovaries was 1620 ± 282 and the same for the right ovaries was 1231 ± 53 in the heifers belonging to Group C (Table 27). In the ovaries of heifers belonging to Group A the mean diameter of the oocyte nuclei was 12.0 ± 1.15u, where as the same in the Group B and Group C were 11.04 ± 1.05u and 11.00 ± 0.02u respectively. The total number of growing follicles in both left and right ovaries of the heifer Al was 123 and the same number of the heifer A2 was 175 with an average of 149 ±26 in both the ovaries of heifers Al and A2 belonging to Group A (Table 28).
The total number of growing follicles in both left and right ovaries of the heifer Bi was 128 and the same of the heifer B2 was 152 with an average of 140 ± 12 in both the ovaries of heifer Bi and B2 belonging to Group B (Table 28). The total number of growing follicles in both left and right ovaries of the heifer Cl was 47 and the same of the heifer C2 was 15 with an average of 31 ± 16 in both the ovaries of heifers C1 and C2 belonging to Group C (Table 28).
The number of primordial follicles was counted per ovary and compared with the relative size and weight of ovary and age of the heifer a poitive corelation was found to be existed between ovarian size/weight and primordial follicle number perovary of heirfers of three age groups and hence the possible factors responsible for culling or selection of such animals were observed for the improvement of buffalo dairy herd.
CONCLUSION and SUGGESTIONS
It is concluded from the results of present study that the ovarian weight and size have a significant effect On the number of primordial follicles since the weight cannot be assessed through rectal palpation and when the average ovarian weight and size were analyzed statistically a +ve correlation of 0.94 was found between these two factors. Hence it is concluded that the normal ovarian weight can he compared with the normal ovarian size while performing the examination of genitalium per rectum and hence by measuring the ovarian size per recturm in heifers its reproductive potential i.e. the number of primordial follicles per ovary can be estimated which would he helpful in selecting or culling virgin buffalo heifers who have not attained puberty. While performing the specific genital examination it is suggested that the following parameters must he considered.
1) The age of heifer for selection must he upto 3 1/2 years.
2) Per rectal examination it must he confirmed that the genitalium has no any segmental aplasia.
3) The ovaries must he oval in shape with somewhat nodular surface, soft, flexible consistency.
4) The ovarian size must he 2.61 + 0.53 x 1.64 ± 0.40 x 1.52 ± 0.12 cm for the left ovaries and 2.61 ± 0.35 x 1.88 ± 0.10 x 1.65 ± 0.01 cm for the right ovaries in length, width and thickness respectively.
5) The ovaries must never have any tumour which can he differentiated from the developing functional structure i. e. follicles and corpus luteum and if the ovarian tumour are confused with functional structures then these animals may he kept under observation for 21 days to find any developmental stage of functional structure.
6) Probably the heifers approaching puberty or in some cycling stage may have 3 - 8 transverse wrinkles upon their external vaginal lips.
It is anticipated that these conclusions and suggestions will serve a useful purpose in selecting or culling those buffalo heifers which have not attained puberty till 3 to 4 years of age and hence will be helpful to make necessary improvements in buffalo dairy herds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0232,T] (1).
25.
Effect Of Various Extenders On Physio-Morphological Characteristics And Freezability Of Buffalo Bull Semen
by Liaqat Sarfraz | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Saghir Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The most important aspect of spermatozoa preservation in frozen state is the type of extender used. The selection of suitable extender is based on evaluation of fresh, diluted and frozen semen through several parameters.
In this study, buffalo bull, semen, extended in different extenders was evaluated for sperm motility percentage, progressive sperm motility (0-5) Live spermatozoa percentage and total sperm abnormalities percentage. For this purpose semen was collected from four Nili-Ravi Buffalo bulls and evaluated by using various tests for different physical parameters. Semen was extended in ratio of 1:10, using four extenders for freezing namely, Egg-yolk-Tes-Tris, Egg-yolk-citrate-taurine, Lactose-fructose yolkglycerol and Egg-yolk-Egg--yolk"Salts". Sperm concentration was 20 million per dose. One step extension of semen was done. Straw (0.5 ml) were used for packaging and freezing of semen. Freezing was carrid out by holding the straws at a level of 4 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen for seven minutes. Frozen straws were stored in liquid nitrogen less than one hour (0 hour) and for 7 days. The various parameters were observed in fresh semen, after extension, just after freezing and after storage (7 days). Thawing of frozen was done at 37°C for 13 seconds.
Highly-significant difference (P<0.01) was observed in motility percent after dilution, equilibration, post-thaw sperm motility and freezing (0 hr) and storage (7 days). Average post-thaw motility was 43.10 ± 0.31, 40.35 ± 0.24, 38.53 ± 0.13 and 36.09 ± 0.20 in Ey-Test, EY-cit-tau, LFYG and EY-EY"Salts" respectively.
The statistical analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.01) in live- dead spermatozoa percentage, total morphological abnormalities due extender and freezing stages.
The non-significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the progressive sperm motility grades due to stages of freezing and extender.
While considering the results, the extender Ey-Test, EY-cit-tati, LFYG found superior than EY-EY-"Salts" but maintaining high motility percentage of spermatozoa alongwith the minimal alteration of other seminal attributes before and after freezing and it can be used satisfactorily for the preservation of buffalo semen at -196°C.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0233,T] (1).
26.
Superovulation In Jersey Cows Under Local Environment
by Qaiyum Naveed | Tayyab Raheel | Muhammid | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Reproductive capacity of a valuable animal can be increased through embryo transfer technology. Superovulation is a pre-requisite for a successful embryo transfer. In the present project an attempt has been made to study the superovulatory response of purebred Jersey cows under the climatic conditions of Pakistan.
Twenty cyclic Jersey cows were divided into two equal groups; A and B, each comprising 10 animals. Each cow in Group A was injected 2500 IU PMSG on day 9 post - estrus (estrus = day 0) and was followed 48 hours later by 15 mg of PGF2 alpha. Group B served as control and cows in this group were injected with normal saline only on day 9 post estrus and 48 hours later PGF2 alpha was injected. Cows were inseminated with frozen bull semen 12 hours after the start of estrus Insemination was repeated once again at an interval of 12 hours. Embryos were recovered nonsurgically on day 7 post - insemination
The mean interval from PGF2 alpha administration till the time of heat expression did not differ between the two groups and was 37.34 ± 0.41 and 37.73 ± 0.15 hours in Groups A and B, respectively. In Group A mean number of corpora lutea (5.3 ± 1.55) and palpable follicles (5.4 ± 0.93) was significantly (P <0.05) greater than those in Group B (CL 1.00 ± 0.00 and follicle 0.5 ± 0.16). No statistical difference was noted in the percentage recovery of flushing media between Groups A (76.7 ± 2.0) and B (81.0 ± 1.3). A total of 29 embryos were recovered in Group A out of 10 flushings. Most of the embryos recovered were either compact morulae or expanded blastocysts and some were degenerated. From Group 13 no embryo/ova could be recovered. The superovulatory response of the Jersey cows maintained under local climatic conditions seems to be a little less when compared with that of the cows which are maintained under exotic (temperate) environment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0234,T] (1).
27.
A Study To Determine The Time Of Ovulation In Relation To Oestrus In Nili-Ravi Buffalo
by Amjad Hussain | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Kazim Raza | Muhammed Khalid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A total of 32 Nili-Ravi cyclic buffaloes were selected for this study. Cyclicity was determined on the basis of presence of corpus luteum and was confirmed by luteal phase levels of progesterone. 10 animals were treated with PGF2-alpha to induce oestrus. The oestrus detection was made by teasing, behavioural symptoins, physical changes and rectal palpation. The receptivity of male was taken as a time for start of oestrus. The ovulation time was determined by repeated palpation and was confirmed by blood progesterone levels. The behavioural signs noted were; acceptance of teaser bull, frequent urination, raised tail, bellowing, restlessness, acceptance of mounting by other females, licking of external genitalia of other animals and loss of appetite. The physical changes recorded were; uterine tone, swollen vulva, mucous discharge on rectal palpation, absence of wrinkles on vulvular lips, hypraemia and wetness in the vagina. There was a little difference in the behavioural symptoms and physical changes among the groups. In the PGF2-alpha treated group the behavioural symptoms and physical changes were slightly more pronounced as compared to natural groups.
The length of oestrus in the natural groups was 23.5 ± 1.5 hours, whereas it was 27.2 ± 2.4 hours in the treatment group. The difference in the length of oestrus among the two groups was statistically significant. The ovulation time in he natural group was 34.6 ± 1.7 hours from the start of oestrus and 11.2 ± 0.5 hours from the end of oestrus. The ovulation time in animals treated with prostaglandin F2-alpha was 39.8 ± 2.9 and 12.6 ± 1 .2 hours in relation to the start and the end of oestrus, respectively. The difference in the ovulation time both in relation to the start and to the end of oestrus between the two groups was significant. The progesterone Values at the time of oestrus were 0. 1 ± 0.02 ng/ml and 0. 1 ± 0. 1 ng/ml in natural and treated groups respectively. And in the luteal phase (13), the progesterone values were 2.1 ± 0.2 and 2.6 ± 1.6 ng/ml in natural and treated groups respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0240,T] (1).
28.
Studies On Anaerobic Ruminal Bacterial In Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Sajjad Hussain, S | S.Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Rashid Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: 1000 samples of ruminal fluid, 500 from each of the two experimental Nili-Ravi buffaloes, kept in Nutrition Section of College of Veterinary Science Lahore were examined for ruminal flora. One quarter of sample 1rom each animal were used for the isolation of proteolytic, amylolytic and lypolytic bacteria.
From these samples 617 species of bacteria were Isolated and identified on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristic. Number of species of different bacteria isolated were Streotococcus bovis 229 (109 from tiuffalne A and 120 from buffaloe B.), Selenomonas ruminantium 16 (9frorn buffaloe A and 7 from buffaloe B), Bacterolde amylophilus 83 (28 from buffaloe A and 55 from buffaloe B); Bacteroides ruminicola 79 (36 from buffaloe A and 43 from buffaloe B), Anaerovibrio lvoolvtica 47 (19 from buffaloe A and 28 from buffaloe B), Bacteroides succiriopenes 59 (31 from buffaloe A and 28 from. buffaloe B), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 40 (25 front buffaloe from A and 15 from buffaloe B), and Ruminncoccus fjvifacieris 64 (26 from buffaloe A and 38 from buffaloe B).
It was observed that both the experimental buffaloes, maintained on the same diet, had a similar type of bacterial flora, the differences being in number only.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0252,T] (1).
29.
Epidemiological Investigations And Economic Losses Of Camel Diseases In District Rajanpur
by Ayub, M | Muhammed Athar Khan | Muhammed Sarwer khan | Rashid Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: An epidemiological investigation was conducted to study the prevalence (Morbidity & Mortality) and economic importance of major/various camel diseases of district Rajan Pur. Out of a total number of 183 villages of Tehsil Rajan Pur, 10 % villages were randomly selected. The data on various camel diseases of preceding one year was collected and recorded on prescribed proforma designed particularly after directly interviewing the farmer. The blood samples of surra suspected animals were collected and serum samples were submitted to laboratory of medicine section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore.
In pursuance of present study, the data was analysed statistically and conclusions drawn were as under. Morbidity rates of various diseases were as under. Colic 0.67%., Diarrhoea 2.91%., Fractures 0.22%., Kapali 0.44%., Mange 52.24%. Paralysis 0.44%., Pneumonia 8.96%., Rheumatism 2.69%., Reproductive diseases 5.82%., Surra 12.55%., Sudden death 0.44%. and Wounds & tbsceses 3.81%.
Mortality and case fatality rates were; Diarrhoea (0.22%. & 7.69%.), Kapali (0.44%. & 100%.), Mange (12.33%. & 23.60%.) Paralysis (0.44%. & 100%.), Pneumonia (1.56%. & 17.5%.) Rheumatism (0.22%. & 8.33%.), Reproductive diseases(0.67% and 11.53%.), Surra (5.38%. & 42.85%.), Sudden death (0.44%. & 100%.) and wounds and Abscesses (0.22%. & 5.88%.) respectively.
Economic losses incurred due to various camel diseases in District Rajanpur during the year 1991-92 were a Colic (Rs.2250.00), Diarrhoea (Rs..23040.00), Fracture (Rs..3390.00), Kapali (Rs.18000.00), Mange (Rs.589200.00), Paralysis (Rs.11000.00), Pneumonia (Rs.74700.00), Rheumatism (Rs.25195.00), Reproductive diseases (Rs.340420.00), Surra (Rs.275440.00), Sudden death (Rs.17000.00) and Wounds & Abscesses (Rs.25760.00).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0296,T] (1).
30.
Mineral Imbalances In Dairy Cattle Of Pakistan
by Ghulam Hussain | Muhammed Yaqoob malik | Mian nisar ahmed | Rashid Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: To determine the mineral status of indigenous cattle about 300 blood samples were collected from Lahore, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Sahiwal, Okara, Faisalabad, Sargodha, Jhang and Gujrat districts of Punjab, and Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas and Karachi districts of Sindh because of having high population of cattle. The blood samples were collected from four different groups of cattle (1) calves (2) heifers (3) dry pregnant (4) lactating non pregnant. The serum was separated from blood samles by centrifugation. Serum sample were analysed for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Cobalt. (Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium were analysed on spectronic 20. Sod)1I1 and Potassium were analysed on flamphotometer. Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Cobalt were analysed on atomic absorption spectrophotometer)The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis by using complete randomized design and the differences in means were tested by using (LSD Test) least significant difference test.
The mean values of serum mineral in cattle of Punjab were, Calcium, 9.34+ 0.41 mg/100 ml, Phosphorus 4.660.25 mg/100 ml, Magnesium 2.02±0.23 mg/100 ml, Sodium 290.61 11.8 mg/l00 ml, Potassium 18.55±0.56 mg/100 ml, Zinc l.06±0.09 ppm, Copper 1.05±0.14 ppm, Manganese .56±0.04 ppm, Iron 1.38±0.06 ppm and Cobalt 0.089±0.007 ppm. The mean value of serum mineral in cattle of Sindh were Calcium 8.83±0.43 mg/100 ml, Phosphorus 4.48±0.23 mg/l00 ml, Magnesium 2.08+0.21 mg/100 ml, Sodium 273.43±18.69 mg/100 ml, Potassium 18.21±0.72 mg/100 ml, Zinc 0.96+0.12 ppm Copper 0.96±0.11 ppm, Manganese 0.54±0.05 ppm, Iron 1.2±0.157 ppm and Cobalt 0.085.±0.009 ppm. Nonsignificant difference in values of serum minerals in cattle (P> 0.05) were found within different groups and between provinces, while significant differences were found between districts (P< 0.05). This variation may be due to different plan of nutrition composition of soil water and climate etc.
The serum Calcium values were almost normal but mild deficiency was found in cattle of Gujrat, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Jhang districts of Punjab while Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Phosphorus level was low in cattle of Punjab and Sindh and acute deficiency was observed in Faisalabad, Gujrat, Shéikhupura and Jhang districts of Punjab, Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Magnesium values showed deficiency in Sheikhupura, Sargodha and Jhang districts of Punjab and Karachi district of Sindh. The serum Sodium values were almost normal in cattle of all districts. The serum Potassium values were normal in cattle of all districts except Sargodha in Punjab. The serum Zinc values were low in animals of all districts and severe deficiency was found in cattle of Okara, Sahiwal and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi Hyderabad, and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Copper values of animals were found low in Okara, Lahore and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Manganese values were found deficient in districts of Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sahiwal, Sheikhupura and Jhang in Punjab and Hyderabad district of Sindh. The serum Iron values were normal in animals of both provinces of Punjab and Sindh except Lahore,, Sargodha, Jhang and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Hyderabad district in Sindh. The serum Cobalt values were found low in cattle of Sahiwal, Okara and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The overall mineral status of cattle of Punjab province was slightly higher than Sindh except Magnesium mineral and the difference was nonsignificant while between the groups of animals were found non significiant. The variation in serum mineral values in cattle might be due to plan nutrition, low mineral status of soil, composition of water and climate etc.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0310-T] (1).
31.
Induction Of Puberty In Prepubertal Buffalo Heifers By Pulsatile Administration Of Gnrh
by Kabir Hussain Tahir | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tayyab Rahil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Eighteen pre-pubertal Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers (Bubalus bubalis) with mean (± S.E.) age 22±0.79 months and weight 290±4.62 Kg, respectively were randomly divided into PG (progesterone + GnRH), PN (progesterone + normal saline) and C (control) groups. Heifers in PG and PN groups were pre-treated with progesterone (Crestar implants) for 10 days, then assigned randomly to: PC) received pulses of GnRH (n=6;5 pg/2 h for 72 h), PN) received normal saline (n=6) in the same manner as PG group and C) served as controls (n=6). Blood samples were collected on the days 0(first day 1st of experiment), 3, 6 and 10 of progesterone pre-treatment and on days 11, 12 and 13 (during GnRH/normal saline treatment) and then 3 samples per week for 3 weeks.
In PG and PN groups, 100% (n=6) and 33.33% (n=2) heifers ovulated and exhibited oestrus. Behavioural signs of oestrus i.e. bellowing, frequent urination, position of tail, licking, appetite and isolation from herd were completely absent at oestrus, while mounting, allow mounting and acceptance of male were observed in 12.5%(n=l), 12.5% (n=1) and 87.5% (n=7) of heifers.
Changes in internal genitalia like ovulation from ovary, contraction of uterus/uterine horns and relaxed or open cervix were observed in 100% of heifers. Changes in external genitalia i.e. swollen vulva and hyperaeniia of vagina were observed in 100 and 87.5% of heifers, while 62.5% and 37.5% of helfers showed free flowing and by squeezing vaginal mucous discharge. The colour of the mucous was transparent, opaque and whitish in 37.5, 25.0 and 37.5% heifers. Consistency of the mucous was thin, viscous and thick in 25, 25 and 50% of the heifers, respectively.
It was observed that all (100%) buffalo heifers initiated the oestrous activity during evening hours and 75% and 25% heifers ended their oestruses during night time and day hours.
The overall mean (± S.E..) length of oestrus was 22±3.63 h (range 11 to 40 h). CL was palpable in all (100%) buffalo heifers on day 12 of the oestrous cycle which ovulated. The overall non- return rates were 25% (2/8).
Crestar implants (progesterone pretreatment) were not effective in heifers in maintaining the luteal-phase levels of progesterone in both PG and PN groups of buffalo heifers. Similarly, Plasma progesterone concentrations remained basal during pulsatile delivery of GnRH.
In GnRH-treated heifers, the ovulation was not followed by luteal-phase in 66.66% heifers, while only 33.33% heifers exhibited luteal-phase in which plasma progesterone concentrations rose (>l.Ong/ml) on days 9, 12 and 15 of the cycle.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0316,T] (1).
32.
Comparative Studies On The Therapeutic Effect Of Cloprostenol And Antibiotics On Endometritis In Buffaloes
by Latif, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This study was designed to test suitable drugs on the basis of their theraputic effect which are currently in practice to treat endometritis, a problem of high significance among the reproductive disorders of the buffalo in Pakistan.
One hundred and twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes suffering from 1st degree of endometritis were used in this study. Six groups were constituted, having 20 animals in each group.
Twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes in group A' were injected 500 mg of cloprostenol (Estrumate) and inseminated at the following oestrous.
Twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes included in group 'B' were treated with oxytetracycline for five days using intra-uterine route. On next heat the buffaloes were inseminated.
Twenty buffaloes of group 'C' were treated with oxytet-racycline, opted single dose after intrarectally palpating the corpus luteum on the ovary. The buffaloes were inseminated on next heat
Twenty buffaloes of group 'D' were treated with Chioramphenicol for five days using intra-uterine route. The animals were inseminated on next heat
Nili- Ravi buffaloes included in group 'E' were treated with Chloramphenicol after palpating the corpus luteurn. opting single dose. The animals were inseminated on next heat.
The Nili-Ravi buffaloes included in Group 'F' were used as control and inseminated without treatment. During the fertility trials the conception rate calculated after rectal-palpation for pregnancy diagnosis was 60%, 55%, 45%, 50%, 40% and 35% for groups A, B, C, D, E and F respectively.
On the basis of conception rate percentage(60%) and services per conception (1.6) estrumate was declared as drug of choice1,among these tested in the present study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0320,T] (1).
33.
Studies On The Gross & Microscopic Structures On Urteri And Cervices During Different Stages Of Estrous Cycle In Teddy Goat
by Mazhar Iqbal | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Nisar Ahmed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: In Pakistan goat production has developed into one of the most important and significant agricultural enterprises which not only yields sizable quality of meat and milk but also provides hides and skin both for local consumption as well as export. although Pakistan is the second largest sheep and goat producing country in the near East region, little effort has been made to establish the macro, micro anatomy and biometry of the female reproductive organs of the Teddy goats.
The present study relates, macro and micro studies on the uteri and cervices of 40 (ten from each stage of estrous cycle) healthy, non-gravid female Teddy goats upto one year of age in and around Lahore. The average values recorded in this study indicated the length of greater curvature, lesse curvature, width and thickness of right uterine horn were to be 11.19 ± 0.42, 9.94 ± 0.38, 1.40 ± 0.02 and 0.24 ± 0.01 cm and those for left horn were 11.65 ± 0.46, 10.4 ± 0.37, 1.42 4± 0.03 and 0.23 ± 0.03 cm. The mean number of caruncle and their diameter for right horn were 64.3 ± 1.94 and 0.28 ± 0.01 cm and for left horn were 66.2 ± 0.54 and 0.32 ± 0.01 cm respectively. The average length, width and wall thickness for the uterine body were 1.46 ± 0.09, 1.45 ± 0.16 and 0.24 ± 0.01 cm. The mean length and width for the cervix were 2.84 ± 0.08 and 1.42 ± 0.08 cm. The average no. of cervical rings were 4.52 ± 0.07. The left horn was found more in length than right horn. The maximum weight of uterine horn was observed during the estrus stage of the estrous cycle. The average weight for the right uterine horn, left uterine horn, uterine body and cervix were 5.25 ± 0.36, 5.42 ± 0.40, 1.54 ± 0.14 and 2.14 ± 0.21 gm respectively. The significant uterine histological feature was the presence of a simple columnar surface epithelium in the proestrus stage and pseudostratified columnar in the estrus, metestrus and diestrus stages of the estrous cycle. The surface epithelium of the cervix was found to be simple columnar during all stages of the estrous cycle. Further more no true glands were observed in the cervical wall. The lumen of cervix was seen divided by a number of longitudinal folds during all stages of the estrous cycle.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0321,T] (1).
34.
Effect Of Different Egg Yolk Levels On The Quality Of Frozen Buffalo Bull Semen
by Afzal, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The comparative study of various egg yolk levels in the extenders used for deep freezing of buffalo semen was conducted at Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad (Sahiwal). The routinely used Lactose-Fructose-Glycerol semen extender was added with 20, 15, 10, 5 and 0% egg yolk concentration in five experimental extenders. 50 ejaculates collected from 10 buffalo bulls were frozen in Liquid Nitrogen. Each semen sample from all bulls and egg yolk levels was evaluated for post-thaw sperm motility, livability and absolute index of livability.
The average values obtained from egg yolk levels and bulls for all test parameters were found statistically high (P < 0.01) at 10 percent egg yolk level as compared to all others. The order of merit for post-thaw motility, livability and the absolute index of livability at 10, 20, 15, 5 and 0% egg yolk level was 45.9%, 43.5%, 42.9%, 33.7% and 8.7% for motility, 9.8, 9.34, 9.3, 7.68 and 2.75 (Hours) for livability and 231.6, 207.95, 204.85, 123.25 and 13.85 for livability index, respectively.
The comparative mean values obtained from each bull were observed non-significant for post-thaw sperm motility but were found significantly higher (P < 0.05) among bulls regarding livability and the absolute index of livability.
On the basis of the results obtained in the present study it may be concluded that due to synergestic effect between glycerol and the presence of 10% concentration of egg yolk in the extender, being comparatively more economical, exhibiting better visibility and on account of high values obtained from motility, livability and absolute index of livability, an extender containing 10% egg yolk level is recommended for the preservation and deep freezing of buffalo bull semen in Liquid Nitrogen for obtaining optimal semen quality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0322,T] (1).
35.
The Effect Of Different Levels Of Prostaglandin (Pgf 2 Alpha) In Extender On The Liveability Of Ram Spermatozoa
by Tariq Mahmood | rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain khan | S.A.Jafri | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Pooled semen from six Lohi rams was extended in semen extender (Tris, Citric Acid, Fructose, Egg Yolk, Glycerol and Antibiotics). This extender was divided into four portions, four levels of prostaglanclin i.e. 0, 50, 100 and 150 ug/mI were added to the A, B, C and D Portions of extender respectively. These four levels ere compared on the basis of post thawing motility percentage, liveability (hours) of spermatozoa at 37°C and absolute index of liveability.
immediately after collection, the semen samples were examined for physical characteristics. Semen from each batch was filled in the plastic straws of four different colours (0.5 ml capacity), sealed with Polyvinyl Powder. Freezing was carried out in the liquid nitrogen at. -196°C for Storage.
Thawing of the frozen semen straws was performed at 35°C for 30 seconds. The average values of post thawing motility percentage were 36.25 ± 10.6, 45.62 ± 11.16, 55,62 ± 11.16 and 67.5 ± 7.55 for levels A,. B, C and D respectively. The values of liveablity for the four levels were 6.37 ± 1.68, 7.75 ± 2.02, 9 ± 1.85 and 11.25 2.18. hours respectively. The absolute index of liveablity averaged 12 .25 ± 67.28, 181.31 ± 85.62, 251.27 ± 104.56 and 382.5 ± 114.83 for levels A, B, C anti D respectively. The effect of' four levels on post thawing motility percentage, 1iveability (hours) and absolute index of liveability was significant. It was concluded that semen with 150 ug/mg prostaglandin produced encouraging results in terms of post thawing motility and liveablity as compared to 0, 50 and 100ug/ml Prostaglandin.
There is ample documentation that artificial insemination in sheep permits reproductive performance comparable to that obtained by natural mating. Better fertility results can be obtained by improvmenents in processing of semen for freezing, thawing temperature, time for thawing insemination technique and by adding different preparations like prostaglandins in semen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0323,T] (1).
36.
Study Of Enzyme Leakage At Various Egg-Yolk Levels During Freezing Process In Nili-Ravi Buffalo Semen
by Munir Ahmad Amer | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Asif Rabbani | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Present study was carried out on semen of 10 bulls over a period of 3 months maintained at Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad District Sahiwal. Semen sample$were evaluated for volume, mass motility, initial motility and sperm concentration. Accepted ejaculates having more than 60% initial motility were used for GOT, GPT and Hyaluronidase activity estimation. The Acrosin activity could not be estimated in diluents by the fact that optical density increases as a result of hydrolysis of substrate.
The GOT. GPT & Hyaluronidase values recorded in fresh semen were 38.27, 7.15 & 3.6 mu/ml, respectively. After extension of semen in lactose fructose egg yolk glycerol extender with five egg yolk levels i.e. 10, 15, 20, 25 & 30%, the GOT activity with these dilutions was found 65.74, 58.06, 56.08, 54.06 & 53.98. Whereas, these values were 18.74, 11.97, 10.84, 10.25 & 9.95 units for GPT. Under the same dilutions the Hyaluronidase activity was estimated as 6.71, 5.00, 4.91, 4.90 & 4.89 mu/ml, respectively.
After freezing, the GOT was found to be 65.78, 62.55, 61.40, 60.40 & 59.60 mu/ml for the same extended samples. The GPT values were 24.37. 18.03, 16.17, 16.01 & 15.93 mu/ml, and the recordes for hyalyronidase activity were 9.00, 8.00, 7.75, 7.79 & 7.78 mu/ml for 10, 15, 20, 25 & 30% egg yolk levels, respectively.
In vitro the most reliable & preferable method considered for the evaluation of semen preservation technique is the analysis of seminal plasma for several enzymes related with fertility, because the extra cellular concentration of these enzymes might serve as an index of membrane trauma.
In the light of results obtained in the present study and the values recorded at different egg yolk levels for the estimation of GOT, GPT and hyaluronidase enzyme activity indicated that 20-30 % level was comparatively more superior for the extension and deep freezing of buffalo semen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0349,T] (1).
37.
Studies On Quantity & Quality Of Semen Produced By Friesian Bulls In Subtropical Conditions
by Majid, A | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Data of spermatological traits of 3490 ejaculates obtained during four years (1987 to 1990) from ten Friesian bulls were investigated to see the effects of age, seasons and bulls upon different seminal attributes. The age-wise overall mean values of different attributes of these bulls were: age and body weight at first ejaculation 329.7 days and 337.1 kilograms, number of ejaculates 7.41, ejaculate volume 4.08 ml, mass motility 1.14 grades, initial motility 51.43 per cent, sperm cells concentration 601.09 millions per ml, discarded ejaculates 3.17 and doses produced per ejaculate 32.66 number.
Age exerted highly significant effect (P<0.01) upon number of ejaculates, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, ejaculate discarded and doses per ejaculate. A significant effect (P<0.05) was observed on percentage motility. There was a non-significant effect on moss motility. The 4th year was proved to be the best age for semen production because mean values of three seminal characteristics namely number of ejaculates, ejaculate volume and percentage motility were maximum during this year. Minimum mean ejaculates were also discarded during the 4th year.
Second year was observed as the worst year for semen production. Minimum mean values of number of ejaculates, ejaculate volume and percentage motility were observed in this year. Maximum mean ejaculates were also discarded during second year of age.
Seasons exerted highly significant effect (P<0.01) upon mass motility, percentage motility, sperm concentration, discarded ejaculates and doses per ejaculate. A significant effect (P<0.05) of seasons was observed upon number of ejaculates but the effect on ejaculate volume was non-significant (P>0 05)
The winter was proved to be the best semen producing season, because two seminal characteristics i.e. mass motility and pci centage motility had maximum mean values in this season Minimum mean ejaculates were also discarded in winter season The second best season was spring, in which ejaculate volume and doses per ejaculate were at their highest mean values
The worst season for semen production was humid hot season. Four seminal attributes i.e. number of ejaculates, mass motility, percentage motility and sperm concentration had minimum mean values in this season. Maximum mean ejaculates were also discarded in humid hot season. The second worst season was autumn. Only mean ejaculate volume and doses per ejaculate were at their lowest margin in autumn.
Highly significant effect (P<0.01) of bulls was observed upon ejaculate volume, mass motility and sperm concentration. Significant effect (P<0.05) of bulls was recorded for initial percentage motility and semen doses per ejaculate. The effect of bulls upon number of ejaculates and ejaculates discarded was found to be non-significant (P>0.05).
Bull No. F 16 proved to be the best bull for semen quantity and quality withmaximum number of ejaculates and maximum ejaculate volume. F 16 was also good in percentage motility, sperm cell concentration and doses per ejaculate. Moreover minimum ejaculates were discarded of F 16 too.
Bull No. 10 was the worst bull. Lowest values were observed in number of ejaculates, percentage motility and sperm concentration. F 10 was also not good in mass motility and maximum ejaculates were discarded from this bull.
The principle conclusion of this study is that if appropriate steps are taken to mitigate the effects of climate and high level of management practices is maintained, there appears to be no reason why high ambient temperatures and humidities should be inimical to successful semen production with Friesian bulls in the subtropical environments
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0350,T] (1).
38.
Comparative Study On The Incidence And Pathology Of Morbid Conditions Of Uterus And Cervix Of Teddy And Local Non Descriptive Goats
by Yousaf Hassan Khera | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Ahmad Raza | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmed Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The project was designed to study incidence and pathology of uterine and cervical maladies in two breeds (Teddy and Local non- descriptive) of goats. Three hundred uteri and cervices (150 from each breed) of goats of three age groups, 1-2 years, 2-3 years and above three years (50 in each group) were collected from Lahore slaughter house and then thoroughly examined for any gross pathological change. The organs exhibiting macropathological lesions were subjected to morphometric, histopathological and histochemical examinations.
Of the 300 uteri and cervices, 35 (11.66%) showed morbid conditions. In 150 Teddy goats, pathological conditions were observed in, 1-2 years age group 4 (8%), 2-3 years age group 7 (14%) and in above 3 years age group 8 (16%). In 150 local non-descriptive goats, gross pathological conditions were present in, 1-2 years age group 3 (6%), 2-3 years age group 6 (12%) and in above 3 years age group 7 (14%). These results showed that incidence of pathological conditions increased with the age of the goats in both the breeds and incidence was slightly higher in Teddy goats than Local non descriptive goats in the same age groups. The following eight pathological conditions namely metritis, pyometra, pigmentation, endometrial cysts, adhesions, fibrosis, hemorrhages and aplasia of uterus were found. The morphometric, gross and histopathological changes of each disease condition of uterine horns, uterine body and cervices were studied. The histochemical evidence of tissue exhibited PAS and alcian blue reactions revealing presence of carbohydrates were also studied.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0440,T] (1).
39.
A Comparative Study On Reproductive Performance Of Friesian Cows, Due To Variable Environmental Influences,
by Rafique Tareen, M | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudhary | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The breeding records of 200 Friesian cows collected during 1977 to 1995 at Govt. Dairy Farm Quetta and 1983 to 1995 at Pishin, Balochistan were analysed. The parameters of reproductive performance like age at puberty, age at first calving, conception rate, service period, gestation period, calving interval, dry period and reproductive efficiency were determined. An effort was made to study the influence of the environmental factors on the reproductive traits.
The overall average age at puberty for 200 cows (150 heifer at Quetta and 50 heifers at Pishin) was 684.21±11.91 days at Quetta and 662.51±3.90 days at Pishin. Season of birth had highly significant effect on the maturity age. Winter born heifers matured earlier as compared to those born in other seasons. The data indicated that cows at Pishin matured earlier than that heifers at Quetta.
The age at first calving averaged 978.01 ± 17.39 days at Quetta and 958.90±16.311 clays at Pishin with range from 501-1100 days.
The overall average conception rate was 48.93% at Quetta and 50.33% at Pishin. The service period of cows at Pishin averaged 88.90±4.30 days and at Quetta, 81.30±3.3 days. Minimum service period was observed after Winter and maximum after Summer calving at Quetta. At Pishin minimum service period after Spring and maximum service period after Winter. The overall average length of calving interval was 464.20±4.9 days at Quetta and 361.11±38.00 days at Pishin.
Highly significant (P <0.05) difference in calving interval were recorded between Farms. Longest calving interval 374.50 days after Summer to Autumn calving and shorter calving interval 351.90 days after Spring calving were observed at Govt. dairy farm Quetta, but at Pishin longest calving interval 365.00 days after Autumn calving and shorter calving interval 356.10 were found days after Spring calving respectively. The dry period of Holstein Friesian averaged 69.7 ±2.9 days at Quetta and 65 ±3.50 days at Pishin. The result was highly significantly due to Farm difference. The overall reproductive efficiency of Holstein Friesian cows maintained at Govt. Dairy Farm, Quetta and Pishin, was 81±1.00% and 83±1.25%, respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0479,T] (1).
40.
Seasonal Variation In Breeding Patterns Of Buffalo In Punjab
by Col. Ahmed Khan | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. Muhammed | Prof.Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Buffalo plays a pivotal role in the economy of poor and landless farmers. Seasonal calving trend of buffalo has caused shortage of milk during the Summer season when it is required more. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of season on reproductive and productive traits of buffaloes.
In this project Artificial Insemination data of 5 Districts of Central Punjab and breeding data of the Livestock Experimental Station, Rakh Dera Chahi, Lahore were used. Analysis of variance was applied to study the effect of season on Artificial Insemination and Farm data.
Data analysis indicated a significant effect of season on breeding, fertility and calving. Both Artificial Insemination and Farm data indicated high (P<0.05) breeding trend during Autumn and Winter season. Fertility were significantly (P<0.05) low during Autumn. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of calving season on the calving interval and milk production.
The conclusion revealed that the provision of ideal management, avoiding the extreme weather conditions, ensuring the availability of balanced adequate ration throughout the year and protection from other stresses of diseases etc., it may be possible to derive all the productive and reproductive traits from this versatile animal round the year without any significant effect of the various seasons.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0489,T] (1).
41.
Effect Of Fermacto Feeding On Function And Morphology Of Liver And Kidneys Of Commercial Laying Hens
by Sarwar, M | Dr. Shakil Akhtar khan | Dr. Ahmed Raza | Prof.Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The effect of three levels of Fermacto feeding on egg production, general metabolic state and health of the laying hens was observed by determining the functional and morphological state of liver and kidneys. One hundred, 60 weeks old laying hens, were divided into four equal groups viz A through D each of 25 birds. The hens were already vaccinated. The group A was kept as a control and iii group B, C and D, the Fermacto feeding was done at a dose rate of 1gm, 2gm and 4gm per kg of feed respectively. The experiment period was 60 days. Egg production records, visceral organ: body oveight indices, gross pathological lesions of liver and kidneys, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, serum total protein and serum uric acid levels and antibody titres against Newcastle disease were determined.
The statistical analysis of egg production record showed that from 1-15th day there was no significant difference among the experimental and control groups and from day 16-30th, there was highly significant difference between the experimental and the control groups. The highest mean egg production record was achieved I n the birds of group A. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups from day 31-45th ,but there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups from day 46-60th. The birds from the group B showed the highest mean egg production.
The organ: body weight index for left kidney and right kidney showed a highly significant difference between all experimental and control groups. The highest mean left kidney: body weight index was achieved in the birds of group D. Similarly the highest mean right kidney: body weight index was obtained in the birds of group C. Organ: body weight index for liver also showed a highly significant difference between control and experimental groups and the highest liver: body weight index was achieved in birds of group B. The gross pathological study of liver and kidneys revealed some non-specific gross lesions such as little changes in colour and streaks of haemorrhages in some birds of control and experimental groups. No characteristic pathological lesion was observed in liver and kidneys of birds.
The data obtained by the analysis of serum statistically indicated that the concentration of serum glucose level was significantly increased in experimental groups than that of control group. Concentration of serum cholesterol was also significantly higher in the treated groups than in control group. Concentration of serum total protein was highest in the C group. There was significant difference in the level of serum total protein of all the experimental and control groups. The serum uric acid concentration was significantly different between control and experimental groups. The uric acid concentration was highest in group A. The data obtained by the analysis of antibody titre against ND on 1st, 15th , 30th, 45th and 60th day of the experiment showed that the highest GMHI in the birds of C group which reflected the stimulation of the immune system. So, it was concluded that Fermacto feeding had no deleterious effect on general metabolic state and immune system of laying hens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0498,T] (1).
