1.
Effect Of Different Dietary Energy Levels On Growth And Onset Of Sexual Maturity In Sahiwal Heifers
by Hussain, M | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Mr. Anjum.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the influence of different dietary energy levels on growth rate, feed efliciency, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and sexual maturity in Sahiwal heifers. Eighteen Sahiwal heifers of 15-20 months age were andomly divided into three groups. Three experimental rations providing dietary energy levels 100, 80 and 120 percent of NRC (1989) were used and designated as A, B and C.
During a period of 90 days, the heifers gained 54.1, 52.5 and 55.5 Kg. weight under plan A, B and C, respectively. The differences in gain in weight of heifers plans A, B and C were non significant. Average daily dry matter intake were 4.84, 4.90 and 4.93 Kg. under groups A, B and C, respectively. The statistical analysis showed non significant differences among dry matter intakes under different plans of nutrition Daily intakes of crude protein under plans A, B and C were almost similar. Feed efficiency was 8.86, 8,91 and 8.83 for group A, B and C, respectively. The difference in feed efficiency was non significant among different groups.
The digestibility coefficient of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre ranged from 54.76 to 59.8, 59.5 to 61.0, 66.1 to 72.5 and 64.1 to 67.1 for all groups, respectively. The statistical analysis of data did not indicate any significant differences with respect to digestibility of various nutrients of the rations among different plans of nutrition.
Physiologica1 studies were also performed on experimental heifers to ascertain the effect of different dietary energy levels on serum protein, serum glucose and serum progesterone. Average serum concentration of protein, glucose and progesterone were 7.06 to 7.79 gm/dl 103.09 to 134.4lmg/di and 1.08 to 1.20/dl, respectively in all groups. Concentration of serum protein and serum progesterone were statistically non significant among all groups. The concentration of serum glucose was statistically significant among three groups. Effect of different dietary energy levels on age of puberty of heifers was also studied but none of heifers of all groups showed sign of oestrus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0457,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Feeding Organic And Inorganic Selenium With And Without Combination Of Vitamin E On The Immune System Of Broiler Chickens
by Imran Hussain, M | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The present project was designed to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium with and without combination of vitamin E on the immune system of broiler chickens. For this purpose 130 (one day old) broiler chicks were taken and divided into three different groups i.e. A, B and C. Group A and B consisted of 60 chicks each while group C consisted of 10 chicks. Group A was further sub divided into six sub groups Al, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6 which were fed on organic selenium at the dose rate of 0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.0 mg/kg and vitamin E at the dose rate of 0, 200, 0, 200, 0 and 200 lU/kg respectively. Group B was further sub divided into six sub groups Bi, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6, which were fed on inorganic selenium at the dose rate of 0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.0 mg/kg and vitamin E at the dose rate of 0, 200, 0, 200, 0 and 200 lU/kg respectiyely. Group C received no selenium and vitamin E and served as control group.
Immunomodulatory effects of selenium and vitamin E were evaluated by measuring haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). Pathological examination of lymphoid organs, lymphoid organs weight/body weight ratio, growth traits and economy were also studied. Highest immune response was observed in sub groups A6 and B6 as compared to control group that had the lowest immune response. There was no effect of organic and inorganic selenium with and without combination of vitamin E on the pathology of bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus as compared to control group. Lymphoid organs weight/body weight ratio was also highest in sub groups A6 and B6 while lowest in control group. Body weight gain was highest in sub groups A6 and B6 as compared to control group. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was also best in sub groups A6 and B6 as compared to control group.
To summarize, the immunomodulatory effects of supplementation of organic selenium with and without combination of vitamin E were better than supplementation of inorganic selenium with and without combination of vitamin E. Moreover, the effects of organic or inorganic selenium with combination of vitamin E were better than the supplementation of organic or inorganic selenium without combination of vitamin E. It can be concluded that feeding of organic/inorganic selenium with and without combination of vitamin E is not only beneficial for health status of birds but also economical and cost effective for the farmers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0817,T] (1).
