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1. Effect Of Dietary Supplementation Of Mannanoligosaccharide On Reglamation Of Gastrointestinal Physiology In Dogs

by Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Nisar | Faculty of Biosciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mannan-oligosaccharide in small bowel resection. Intestinal resection is conducted in various pathological conditions, which is necessary in alleviation of the anomaly but produces ill effects related to the physiological functioning of the resected part. Various post-operative treatments have been suggested in this regard. Prebiotics can serve as an important dietary and clinical nutritive substance with potential to stabilize aftermath. Dogs with jejunal resection were used as an experimental animal and were divided into three groups in this study. Groups were Control (con), MOS-lower dose (MOS-LD) fed 2g MOS and MOS-higher dose (MOS-HD) fed 4g MOS in addition to 400g standard diet daily. Dogs were assessed for glucose, cholesterol, white blood cell counts on day 0, 1 5, 30, 45 of MOS supplementation. Ammonia, microbiological analysis for E.coli, total aerobes and ('lostridium per/ringens were done on fecal samples collected between day 24 and 28 of MOS supplementation. Fecal scoring system was used to study alleviation of diarrhea in two periods with each of 5 days. Period 1 was from day 18 to day 22 and period 2 was from day 41 to day 45 of MOS supplementation. Repeated measures and one way ANOVA was used for analysis of data. Positive effects of MOS were evident on relieving diarrhea and increasing blood lymphocytes. Total aerobes and clostridium count decreased significantly. This study paved way for further studies in the assessment of potency of MOS and other Prebiotics in gastrointestinal surgeries and their inclusion in management of short bowel and the therapeutic arsenal. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1154,T] (1).

2. Temporal Analysis Of Crude Spectacled Cobra Venom On Various Haematiological And Serolocical

by Zainab Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Zia Ullah | Faculty of Biosciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: The snake venom has both neurotoxic and haemotoxic effects. The Pakistani spectacled black cobra venom is considered to be mainly neurotoxin and there is a need to evaluate its haemotoxic effects. This study aimed to determine the acute bio-physiological effects of LD50 dose of crude venom of cobraat different time intervals after I/M envenomation in mice. The crude venom was obtained from the black cobra, Naja Naja karachensis found in the region of Mian Chanuu, Punjab and the venom was lyophilized. Twenty adult male mice, approximately 20g weight, were housed in cages for one week at the animal shed of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Blood was drawn by cardiac puncture after general anesthesia at time 0 from the five overnight-nonfed mice injected i/m with normal saline. Remaining mice (15 in number) were injected i/m with LD50 dose (1.2mg/kg) of cobra venom. Blood samples were collected from five animals at each time intervals of 1, 1.5 and 2 hours of envenomation. The hematological and biochemical parameters studied were complete blood count, estimation of plasma glucose, plasma total protein, plasma albumin, alanine aminotranferase and urea by commercially available enzymatic kits. There was a significant increase in red blood cells count and its indices (haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and platelets at 1, 1.5 and 2 hours after envenomation in albino mice compared to 0 hr.A significant decrease in the count of white blood cells was observedafter 1 hour of injection compared to 0 hr, however it was increased significantly after 2 hours of envenomation compared to 0 hour. The lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes percentageswere not changed after envenomation in mice.Plasma glucose showed a significant decrease at 1 hour of I/M injection compared to 0 hr that increased in subsequent time intervals compared to 0 hr in albino mice. The concentration of urea was significantly increased at 1, 1.5 and 2hours of envenomation in comparison with the concentration at 0 hour. The concentration of plasma total proteins showed a significant increase at 2hours of time interval as compared to 0, 1 and 1.5hours after envenomation in mice. The plasma albumin concentration at 1.5 and 2hours of time interval showed a significant increase as compared to that at 0 and 1 hour. The concentration of ALT also increased at any time interval. Therefore it is concluded that the crude spectacled cobra venom is both neurotoxin and hemotoxic in nature. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1775,T] (1).

3. Effects Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Supplementation On Serum Biochemical Profile In Broilers

by Natasha Laraib (2013-VA-568) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Saima Masood.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Zinc is a component of about three hundred enzymes of all six enzyme classes. Zinc oxide nano particles (ZNOPs) improve the antioxidant status of broilers. By using ZNOPs, the bioavailability increases due to its smallest size and large surface area. Up to the best of our knowledge, no research work has been conducted on supplementation of ZNOPs in poultry in Pakistan and very little has been documented worldwide. ZNOPs improve the anti-oxidant health status of broilers at low concentrations compared with bulk zinc oxide. The study was consist of 100 day-old broiler chicks and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consists of five replicates (n= 5 in each replicate). Group A was control fed with basal diet (BD) only, Group B was supplemented with 80 mg ZnO/kg BD, Group C and D was supplemented with 40 and 80 mg ZNOPs/kg BD respectively for 35 days. The parameters were delayed type hyper sensitivity, malondialdehyde, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, triiodothyronine, thyroxin, creatinine, bilirubin, urea and uric acid. Statistical analysis was conducted with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20 USA). The data was analyzed using one way ANOVA. The results of serum glucose concentration was found significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Group B and Group C compared to the Group A but was found similar to Group D Delayed type hyper sensitivity, Serum Anti-oxidant status, Serum Proteins, Serum thyroid hormone level, Kidney Function Tests, Serum Bilirubin Concentration were found non-significant (P < 0.05) in all the groups compared to the control group. ZNOPs do not cause nephrotoxicity hence they are safe for kidney .These particles does not disturb the thyroid hormones. However their antioxidant and protein effects were not observed in our study. That could be due to low dose of ZNOPs. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2412-T] (1).

4. Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Serum Lipid Profile And Liver Function Test In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

by Sidra Batool (2013-VA-592) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb .

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is most common disorder affecting almost 25% of the world's population. Many researchers reported the role of metals in glucose metabolism and their defficiency cause the diabetes. Zn is found in all cells of body and play role to maintain blood sugar level and in the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin. Zn supplementation shows protective effect on total lipid, cholesterol, HDL and atherogenic index. Nanotechnology affects on the all parts of human life, animal, environment, and industrial life. In the present study I evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of ZnONPs and also the dose dependent anti-diabetic effects of medicine in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty five adult male rats were divided into five groups; Negative control, Positive control, and 3 groups for different treatment dose of ZnONPs (15 mg/kg BW), ZnONPs (25mg/kg BW) and ZnONPs (50 mg/kg BW). Diabetes induction had done in four groups, other than negative control, by subcutaneous administration of alloxan (120 mg/kg BW). Treatment was given to groups for 21 days. BW was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected from animals of each group on 21 days after induction of diabetes by cardiac puncture to measure serum glucose level, serum lipid profile and liver function test. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Data was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05. The obtained results showed that ZnONPs has efficiency to control the diabetes mellitus by reducing blood glucose levels as well as the increasing dose decreased the serum glucose level. Only ZnONPs 50mg/kg BW dose is efficient to reduce the muscle wastage due to diabetes in alloxan induce diabetic rats. This dose also works to maintain the serum ALT, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C levels. But this dose is not effective for body weight, AST, ALP, VLDL-C, cholesterol and AI. The data obtained from this study also showed the dose dependent anti-diabetic activity of medicine as the dose of 50mg/kg BW is more effective to control the diabetes as compared to other two doses; 15mg/kg BW and 25mg/kg BW. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2402-T] (1).

5. Effect Of Sub-Chronic Exposure Of Bisphenola On Serum Minrals And Bone Health In Rats

by Suliman (2014-VA-494) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds present worldwide. Endocrine hormone production, release, transport, binding, action or elimination is enhanced or interrupted by EDs and hence affect homeostasis, development, reproduction and behaviour of organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most important EDs used extensively in consumer products such as beverage, food can lining, dental sealants and thermal paper and water pipes. BPA binds to estrogen receptors and enhance or interrupt the endocrine system. BPA have negative effectson bone health and serum minerals in rats. A total of 48 adult rats were divided in three main groups i.e. (16 rats in each group). Each group was sub-divided into male (8 rats) and female (8rats). Control Group: Basal rat diet was provided to control group. Group A: BPA 1mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to group A. BPA was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Group B: BPA 0.1mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to Group B. BPA was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Trial duration was 3 months and at the end rats were killed to obtain the bones and muscles to observe their bone characteristics (bone length, width, and medullary canal diameter) and serum minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) analysis.Data wasanalysed using two ways ANOVA through SPSS version (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois) and was presented as mean± SEM. Femur bone length was found to be significantly higher in male rats treated with BPA 0.1mg/kg and 1mg/kg compared to control. The femur bone length was not affected in female rats. Rest of the parameters in bone health of tibia and femur were not affected by treatment. Bone minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were also not affected by the treatment irrespective of treatments.Serum calcium was significantly higher in mal rates treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control; whereas it decreased significantly in female rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Serum zinc concentrations also decreased significantly in female rats treated with BPA 1mg/kg compared to control. Muscle copper concentration was significantly higher in male rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Iron muscle concentration was significantly increased in male and female rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Muscle calcium concentration was significantly decreased in male rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2492-T] (1).

6. Protective Role Of Montelukast In Methotrexate Induced Toxicity In Rats

by Saima Malik (2014-VA-230) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr Muhammad ShahbazYousaf | Dr.Hafsa Zaneb.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate drug which is used to treat a variety of Autoimmune Diseases e.g rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and different types of cancers. However, MTX toxicity limit its use which include oxidative stress in causing toxicity on the liver, kidney, heart and other organs.Montelukast is a leukotriene antagonist.Recent evidence suggests that montelukast possessesantioxidant and anti-inflammatoryactivity.Thirty (n=30) adult albino ratswere selected and housed in stainless steel cages in the Experimental Animal shed, Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The rats were randomly divided into five groups having six rats in each group. Animals were treated by following treatment plan; Group 1: (Negative Control) injected I/P with physiological saline from day zero to day four and then injected with 2 % ethanol from day four to day ten. Group 2: (MK positive control) injected I/P with MK (10mg/kg body weight, BW) from day four to day ten for consective seven days. Group 3:(MTX positive control) injected at day zero I/P with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) per ten days. Group 4:(MTX-MK 5) injected at day zero I/P with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) and then injected I/P with MK (5mg/kg BW) from day four to day ten for consective seven days. Group 5: (MTX-MK 10) injected at day zero I/P with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) and then injected I/P with MK (10mg/kg BW) from day four to day ten for consective seven days. Data was analyzed by one way analysis of variance using SPSS software (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois). The group differences werestudied by using Duncan’s multiple range tests. The P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Data was presented as mean ± SD. Body weight and feed intake was analyzed by using repeated measure analysis. The current study showed reduction in feed and water intake and shows diarrhea like symptoms which ultimately results in gradual reduction in body weight in MTX treated groups when compared with control group. While non MTX treated groups shows increase in feed consumption and ultimately increase in body weight. BUN and creatinine level were increased after MTX administration which was reduced after MK treatment. MK10mg/kg BW dose administered to G5 after MTX was more effective compared to 5mg/kg BW dose of MK administered to G4 after MTX treatment. Enzymatic level of MDA and catalase in serum, liver and kidney tissue were increased after MTX administration in G3, G4 and G5.There was no highly significant results found after MK treatment due to Low dose of MK which was unable to maintain the enzymatic level after induction of imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant level. Conclusion: From our study we have concluded that montelukast administration after methotrexate induced toxic effect on renal function test and hematological parameters, it can significantly normalize the level of BUN and creatinine also shows significant improvement in Hb and RBCs level. While there was no significant effect found on oxidative stress due to insufficient dose of MK. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2505-T] (1).

7. Infestation Rate And Therapeutics Of Scabies In Cats

by Asma Fatima (2008-VA-247) | Dr. Waseem Yaqub | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Cats are commonly known as friendly companion of man. The cat is domesticated pet animal and has been widely kept as companion. Feline scabies is one of the most common and severe skin diseases of cats, caused by sarcoptic mange. Despite the high prevalence and severity of the disease, many aspects of feline scabies remain poorly understood. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the study on cat scabies is limited in Pakistan. A total of 214 cats were examined of these 96 (44.9%) were positive for sorcoptic mange it was observed that mange infestation was highest in cats under 1 year and above 2 year of age. Whereas the lowest in 1.5 year of age cats. As regard the sex wise prevalence of mange infestation it was high in female cats than males. The samples were taken from the suspected cats having some skin problem irrespective of breed, sex or age, from Pet Center UVAS Lahore and Private clinics. After confirmation of the disease by skin scrapping test and identification through morphological standards, 5 ml blood was collected from the jugular vein of cat in a clean test tube containing a few drops of 1% EDTA as anticoagulant. Then these test tubes were labeled with specific number to each blood sample along with date of collection and hematological and serological studies were undertaken on the samples. The cats were divided into two groups (Group A and B) for treatment trial, each group will consist of further 4 groups, each group containing 4 cats and 16 cats in each group. Group A was treated with the Ivermectin 0.04mg/kg BW s/c on every week for consecutive 4 weeks. Group B was treated with Doramectin s/c 0.6mg/kg BW on every week for consecutive 4 weeks. To evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment, skin Summary 25 scrapings were collected from each treated cat at 0 day before treatment and at 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day post-treatment. But blood samples were analyzed at 0 day, 14th, 28th day, subjected to hematocrit, Hb, counting of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), and differential leukocytes count RFT (blood urea Nitrogen, Creatinine), LFT (ALT, AST, ALP, Total Bilirubin). Out of 214 the positive cats for the Scabies were 96 so the overall infestation rate was 44.9% in cats. The cat scabies is mostly occur in more than 24month age of cats and on secondly age group was 07-12month. For therapeutic trail 32 cats were brought into clinical trial , each clinical score contains four cats and total 32 cats have been divided into 2 groups viz. Group A(Ivermectin) and Group B(Doramectin). In group A ivermectin 0.4mg/kg B.W S/C weekly for continuous four weeks. In group B Doramectin 0.6mg/kg B.W S/C weekly for continuous four weeks. There was no change in WBCs, significant increase in RBCs, also increase in creatinine, but significant decrease in ALT, ALP, Bilirubin, and BUN. There was no change in AST. After four weeks of treatment trail ivermectin have better reduction rate of parasite. The ratio of pet animal was very less as compared to stray cats as the stray animal have no barrier to control the spread of disease. The percentage of previously infected and then cured animal or having disease history is less than that of newly infacted cats. This study proposed that the hospital acquired infection were more, the reason may be the contaminated clinical utensils or attendant’s hands. Scabies is the disease which spreads more in those animals which were in grouping as compared to randomly moving cats and very less in individual cats. Scabies is one of the most possible contact diseases. The more the contact more will be the chance of disease occurrence. The number of cats and percentage was very less of primary flea infestation, in the consequence of scabies infection. The fungal infection also existed at the same time of scabies Summary 26 infection and there were about 33 cats having fungal infection. As this disease is the cause of anemia, so it may be the one of the great source of bacterial infection as the hair loss is the major sign of this disease, the internal and external bacteria may infect likewise. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2529-T] (1).

8. In Vitro Comparison of Buffer Temperature on Electrophysiological & Histological Indices of Ruminal Epithelium

by Muhammad Jawad Masood Khan (2014-VA-817) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Saima Masood.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: CD corrupted. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2698-T] (1).

9. Evaluation Of Repeatedly Heated Oil Consumption On Anthropometric Characteristics And Lipid Profile In Male And Female Rats

by Aasma Bashir Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Saima Masood.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Deep-fat frying of foods is the most common and quickest method in food preparation. Numerous chemical changes occur during heating process of oils, which promotes the production of different volatile and non-volatile compounds. These noxious compounds are absorbed in the food, and ultimately enter the systemic circulation after digestion and absorption. Effects of peroxidation of biological systems come with a number of pathological manifestations including incidence of oxidative stress, glucose intolerance and atherosclerosis. Repeatedly heated cooking oil consumption has harmful effects on anthropometric characteristics, lipid profile in male and female rats. Thirty six adult male and female Wistar rats were selected and divided into six groups having three groups of male rats and three groups of female rats. Group-I including IA (negative control males) and IB (negative control females) were fed chow diet. Group-II including IIA and IIB were given chow diet mixed with 15% v/w fresh oil. Animals in sub-groups IIIA and IIIB were fed on chow diet mixed with 15% v/w fried oil. Body weights were recorded weekly. Organs and blood samples were collected at the end of 28 days to assess organ weights, measure plasma glucose level and lipid profile. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by Tukey’s range test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Body length of rats was not significantly affected by the feeding of single and multiple fried oil. Effects of treatment, gender and week are significant on body weights of rats. Effect of single and multiple fried oil feeding was significant on absolute weights of abdominal fat and Summary 63 liver and non- significant on absolute weights of heart, kidney and testes. Treatment effect was non-significant on relative weights of abdominal fat, heart, kidneys and testes, whereas effect was significant only on relative weights of liver. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2724-T] (1).

10. Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder On Redox Status, Hepatic And Kidney Function In Rats Exposed To Heat Stress

by Noor Muhammad Khan (2015-VA-07) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: here are a number of stressors which adversely affects the normal homeostasis of the body. One of them is heat stress which has marked damaging effect on the normal physiology of an individual. Moringa oleifera is a versatile plant from Moringaceae family. Moringa oleifera is a best food plant but it also has a large potential as a medicinal plant. Due to rich source of flavonoids, Beta- carotenes, vitamin A & D, Moringa oleifera is known as a best natural anti-oxidant. The leaves of Moringa oleifera also possess hepato-protective and renal protective activities due to its rich anti-oxidant potential. Hypothesis:It was hypothesized that Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation will ameliorate the redox status, hepatic and kidney function in rats exposed to heat stress. Methodology: Adult male wistar rats (n= 24) were procured and housed in stainless steel cages in the experimental animal shed of department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan. After acclimatization, rats were divided in to four groups (One control and 3 MOLP treated groups). Rats were exposed to high environmental temperature (37±1°C ) for one hour daily(12.00 PM-1.00 PM) throughout the experimental period of 21 days for the induction of heat stress(Sinha. 2007). Anti-stress properties of Moringa oleifera leaf powderwere examined by measuring biochemical parameters, i.e. redox by estimating serum malondialdehyde through assay used by(Ohkawa et al. 1979) and catalase by the same spectrophotometric protocol in accordance with the study (Hadwan et al. 2016). Analysis of liver function enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphatase), kidney function (Blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and serum creatinine), serum Summary 38 glucose and lactate dehydrogenasewere carried out by using commercially available kits provided by Human Diagnostics, Germany. Results:The present study revealed that Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation during heat stress has a significant effect (P<0.05) on serum redox status. Serum malondialdehyde and catalase were significantly reduced by Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation. On the other hand, Moringa oleifera leaf powder demonstrated a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on hepatic and kidney function. Serum Glucose was also not altered by powdered leaf supplementation of Moringa oleifera. Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software. The group differences were compared by the Tukey’s Test. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05. Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) has a potent antioxidant potential without any marked ameliorative or deteriorative effect on hepatic and kidney functioning in heat stressed rats. Further studies are required to explore the potential of other portions of this plant in heat stress. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2783-T] (1).

11. Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Drumstick Tree Leaf Powder On Anthropometric Parameters, Serum Lipid Profile And Thyroid Function Hormones In Rats Exposed To Thermal Stress

by Raja Majid Masoud (2015-VA-433) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saima Masood.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Introduction: There are a number of stressors which adversely affects the normal homeostasis of the body. One of them is thermal stress which has marked damaging effect on the normal physiology of an individual. Drumstick tree is a versatile plant from Moringaceae family. Drumstick tree is a best food plant but it also has a large potential as a medicinal plant . Due to rich source of flavonoids, β-carotenes, vitamin A & D, DST is known as a best natural antioxidant. The leaves of Drumstick tree contain phenolic compounds, which have hypocholesterolemic and hypolipodemic properties. It also possess cardio protective, hepatoprotective and renal protective activities due to its rich anti-oxidant potential. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that Drumstick tree leaf powder supplementation will ameliorate the growth performance, serum lipid profile and thyroid function in rats exposed to thermal stress Methodology: Adult female Wistar rats (n= 24) were procured and housed in stainless steel cages in the experimental animal shed of department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan. After acclimatization, rats were divided in to four groups (One control and 3 DSTLP treated groups). Rats were exposed to high environmental temperature(37±1°C) for one hour daily(12.00 Pm-1.00 Pm) throughout the experimental period of 21 days for the induction of heat stress(Sinha. 2007). Anti-stress properties of Drumstick tree leaf powder were examined by measuring biochemical parameters, i.e. anthropometry, serum lipid profile, thyroid function hormones, serum cortisol, total protein, albumin and globulin (Ohkawa et al. 1979). Analysis of all these parameters was carried out by using commercially available kits provided by Human Diagnostics, Germany. Summary 37 Results: Results from the present study revealed that Drumstick tree leaf powder supplementation during thermal stress has a significant effect (P<0.05) on serum lipid profile, total protein, albumin globulin, thyroid function hormones (T3 & T4) and cortisol. On the other hand, Drumstick tree leaf powder demonstrated a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on anthropometric parameters. Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software. The group differences were compared by the Tukey’s Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05. Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that Drumstick tree leaf powder (MOLP) has a potent antioxidant potential by lowering cholesterol, TG and LDL-cholesterol with marked ameliorative effect on TP, albumin and globulin in heat stressed rats. Further studies are required to explore the potential of other portions of this plant in heat stress. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2799-T] (1).

12. Effect Of Aqeous Extract Of Catharanthus Roseuson The Electrophysiology Of Jejunum Infected With Escherichia Coli In Buffalo

by Qurrat ul Ain (2014-VA-530) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Nasir.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Animal products such as meat and milk are the primary source of proteins and amino acid that can be produced throughout the year. Diseases in animals initiate the biophysical and socio economic impact that varies from localized to global. Different pathogens including virus, bacteria and fungi cause different diseases in ruminants. Escherichia coli are one of the inhabitants of intestinal tract and are responsible for watery diarrhea, bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis. Diarrheal disease gives rise to global health problem and now a day many plants are used to treat the disease condition. Catharanthus roseusis one of the important medicinal plants used for the treatment of many diseases such as diarrheal, diabetics, wound healing and Alzheimer’s disease. C. roseus maintain the optimum performance of gut barrier by reducing the loss of minerals. The changes in the electrophysiology of jejunum with the addition of C.rouses were measured by Ussing chamber. Objective of this study was to investigate the effects of C.roseus on the barrier function of intestine influenced by E. coli. Catharanthus roseus may reduce the detrimental effects induced by E.coli and improves the gut barrier function. Five buffalos of uniform age and weight were selected and slaughter at local slaughter house. Jejunum was taken from the intestinal part and rinsed with standard buffer. Serosal layer was removed and tissue was mounted in using chamber. After incubation period of 15-20 mins different groups were treated with different treatments. Control with no treatment, group B was treated with 10% toxin of E.coli, group C was treated with 1.5% extract of C.rouses, group D was treated with 10% toxin of E.coli and 1.5% extract of C.rouses. After treatment the electrophysiological parameters like Isc and Gt was observed. C.rouses affected the electrophysiology of isolated jejunum of buffalos by decreasing the short circuit current which was induced by the E.coli toxin. The decrease of current between the groups is significant (p value < 0.05). ΔIscwas also significant between the groups containing E. coli toxin and C. roseus containing solution. Conductance increased significantly after the addition of E. coli and C. roseus (p value < 0.05). Data were analyzed by using completely randomized ANOVA followed by post-hoc Duncan’s multiple range tests. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Catharanthus roseus treatment affects the electrophysiological indices of isolated jejunum epithelium of buffalos presumably by closing the chloride channels and enhances the ions absorption across the jejunum epithelium. This may leads to efficient mineral utilization and better health of animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2836-T] (1).

13. Effect Of Sub Chronic Exposure Of Low Doses Of Bisphenol A On Anthropometric Parameters And Lipid Profile In Rats

by Sayeda Iqra Ahmad (2011-VA-433) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Ms. Amina Chughtai.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor. It is monomer of polystyrene and a basic component of epoxy resins. It is carcinogenic in nature and has adverse impact on health of different animals as wells as human beings. It harms the reproductive, renal system as well as a basic reason of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of sub chronic exposure of Bisphenol A on anthropometric parameters and lipid profile in rats Bisphenol A may elevate serum lipid profile level and increase the ratio of anthropometric parameters in rats. Forty eight albino rats half male and half females of similar age and weight were selected. They were divided into three groups each having sixteen rats in each (8 males,8 females) and named as Group A, B and C for experimental trial of three months. Group A was referred as control group treated with only basal diet and water. Group B was treated with 0.1mg/kg (body weight) BPA with basal diet and water. Group C was treated with 1mg/kg (body weight) BPA with basal diet and water. After three months blood sample was collected by euthanizing the rats to obtain serum sample for biochemical analysis and at the same time anthropometric values were noted. Data was analyzed via two way ANOVA using SPSS software and Post hocTukey test was applied to study and compare differences between the groups. The p value <0.05 was assumed as significant value. At the end of this trialour studies suggest thatthe effect of Bisphenol A increased the ratio of anthropometric parameters up to a certain limit as well as it significantly effects the all nutritional parameters. It highly effectsthe concentration of HDL in serum lipid profile. It disturbs the concentration of ALP and AST at low doses while ALT had no significant effects due to BPA. It had no significant influences on kidney metabolites e.g., creatinine urea and BUN. Glucose concentrationalso not showed any profound effect in male and female albino rats. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2868-T] (1).

14. Effect Of Psyllium Seed Husk On Anthropometric Parameters, Lipid And Electrolyte Profile In Hypercholesterolemia Induced Rats

by Arfa Ibtisham (2015-VA-24) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by higher level of bad cholesterol in blood which shoots up the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, weight gain and other metabolic disorders. Modern way of life is the reason to elevate these metabolic syndromes that lead to increased mortality rate. Psyllium husk is helpful in improving anthropometric parameters, high lipid profile, glucose level, appetite, oxidative status, hypertension and maintains liver and renal physiology. The effective use of this drug was for weight loss to control obesity. The consumption of psyllium husk may lead to hypocholesterolemia, reduced body weight, oxidative stress and biological profile in rats. Twenty four male Wistar rats were taken and divided into four groups. Group-I (negative control) fed chow diet Group-II (positive control) was given chow diet mixed with 10g cholesterol for 42 days. Group-III (treatment group) hypercholesterolemic rats were fed with 5g psyllium husk for 21 days. Group-IV (treatment group) hypercholesterolemic rats were fed with 10g psyllium husk for 21 days. Blood samples were collected at the end of six weeks of study. Anthropometric parameters, organs weight, Lipid profile (TC, TC, LDL, HDL, Atherogenic index), glucose, oxidant and antioxidant levels, electrolytes, hepatic (AST, ALT) and renal (blood urea nitrogen, urea) functions (in blood liver and kidney) were studied. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA on SPSS. Differences between the groups were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Anthropometric measurements, organs weight, lipid profile, glucose,urea and blood urea nitrogen showed significantly results, while,TG, atherogenic index ,electrolytes, oxidant and anti-oxidant ALT and AST showed no significantly values. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2867-T] (1).

15. Effect Of Sub-Chronic Exposure Of Di-Butyl Phthalate On Serum Minerals And Bone Health In Rats

by Nisar Ahmed (2014-VA-779) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saima Masood.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds present worldwide. Endocrine hormone production, release, transport, binding, action or elimination is enhanced or interrupted by EDs and hence affect homeostasis, development, reproduction and behavior of organisms. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most important EDs used extensively in consumer products such as plasticizers, nail polish, paints, thermal paper and water pipes. DBP binds to estrogen receptors and enhance or interrupt the endocrine system. DBP have negative effects on bone health and serum minerals in rats. A total of 48 adult rats were divided in three main groups i.e. (16 rats in each group). Each group was sub-divided into male (8 rats) and female (8rats). Control Group: Basal rat diet was provided to control group. Group A: DBP 10mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to group A. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Group B: DBP 50mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to Group B. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Trial duration was 3 months and at the end rats were killed to obtain the bones, serum and muscles to observe their bone characteristics (bone length, width, and medullary canal diameter) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) analysis. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA through SPSS version (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois) and was presented as mean± SEM. Femur bone length was found to be significantly higher in male rats treated with DBP 10mg/kg and 50mg/kg compared to control. The femur bone length was not affected in female rats. Rest of the parameters in bone health of tibia and femur were not affected by treatment. Bone minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were also not affected by the treatment irrespective of treatments. Serum calcium was significantly higher in male rates treated with 50mg/kg DBP CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY SUMMARY 37 compared to control; whereas it is decreased significantly in female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Serum zinc concentrations also decreased significantly in female rats treated with DBP 50mg/kg compared to control. Muscle copper concentration was significantly higher in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Iron muscle concentration was significantly increased in male and female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Muscle calcium concentration was significantly decreased in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2896-T] (1).



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