1.
Clinico-Epidemiological Features Of Dengue Fever In And Around Lahore
by Abdul Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Faculty of veterinary science.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1187,T] (1).
2.
Study Of Physicochemcial And Microbioloigcal Quality And Adulteration Of Processed Fluid Milk In Punjab
by Abdul Rehman | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abdullah | Dr. Jalees | Dr. Muhammad Ayaz.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Milk production, handling, storage, transportation and marketing of milk is handled in a primitive way in Pakistan. Mostly middle man and contractors are involved in the collection, marketing and distribution of milk. Most of the milk is produced in rural areas and transported to cities where it is supplied to milk plants and also to house consumers. During transportation and distribution there is no refrigeration involved. Middle man adds ice to keep the milk cool and prevent from spoilage. In addition, they also add chemical to kill bacteria and prevent spoilage of milk.
Adulteration of milk is one of the most serious issue in the dairy sector of Pakistan, causing not only major economic losses for the processing industry, but also major health risks for the consumers. Milk is a perishable item and to prevent the spoilage of milk various chemicals are added by the milk collectors. In addition, the microbiological quality of milk is very important which directly concern not only with milk spoilage but also consumer's health
Keeping in view the above mentioned factors, study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical, microbiological and adulterants in processed milk in Punjab. A total of 30 samples of UHT and 30 samples of pasteurized milk were collected and examined from production units in Punjab.
Density in UHT milk ranged from 22.53+0.08 to 28.44+0.27 and in pasteurized milk ranged from 23.43+0.35 to 27.21±0.17. Conductivity in UHT milk ranged from 9.72+0.38 to 11.33+0.28 and in Pasteurized milk ranged from 9.13+0.08 to 10.13±0.18. Freezing point in UHT milk ranged from -0.49+0.006 ºC to -0.45±0.005 ºC and in pasteurized milk brands ranged from -0.47+0.002 ºC to -0.45+0.008 ºC. Fat in UHT milk ranged from 3.74+0.17 % to 3.99+0.31 % and in Pasteurized milk fat ranged 3.46+0.09 % to 3.60+0.01. SNF in UHT milk ranged from 7.65+0.30 % to 8.03+0.66 % and in Pasteurized milk SNF ranged from 7.57+0.13 % to 7.89+0.08 %. Protein in UHT milk ranged from 3.16+0.11 % to 3.24+0.03 %, in Pasteurized milk protein ranged from 2.92+0.09 % to 3.05+0.03.
Lactose in UHT milk ranged from 3.90+0.01 % to 4.08+0.04 %, in Pasteurized milk lactose ranged from 3.69+0.16 to 4.05+0.04. Ash in UHT milk ranged from 0.70+0.003 % to 0.75+0.003 %, in Pasteurized milk ash ranged from 0.54+.08 % to 0.73±0.01 %. Water added in UHT milk ranged from 6.36+0.33 % to 11.11+0.06 % in Pasteurized milk water added ranged from 8.74±0.04 % to 11.54+0.02 %. pH in UHT milk ranged from 6.67+0.01 to 6.82+0.008, in Pasteurized milk pH ranged from 6.38+0.19 to 6.76+0.11. Acidity in UHT milk ranged from 0.15+0.03 % to 0.16+0.06 % and in Pasteurized milk acidity ranged from 0.14+0.003 % to 0.16+0.01 %.
TPC in Pasteurized milk ranged from 5.0 x 104+1.2 x 104 to 6.8 x 104+2.3 x 104 . Coliform count in Pasteurized milk ranged from 62+3.84 to 378+25.98. Staph aureus Count in Pasteurized milk ranged from 63.33+4.41 to 275.32+17.32.
All UHT milk brands were found negative for TPC, Coliform, Staph aureus and Yeast and Mold count.
The qualitative tests adulterants were performed by (M.A.T) Kit.
In UHT and Pasteurized brands the adulterants found were Salt, Sugar, Starch and Hydrogen peroxide.
Conclusion
On the basis of present finding, it is concluded that water addition was one of the major factors present in every segment of milk marketing which decreases the fat and SNF content of milk and markedly effect the physical and chemical quality of milk. Consumers may also be facing potential public health hazards caused by chemical adulteration and food borne pathogens in the milk.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1207,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (Bht) On Beetal Buck Semen Following Cryopreservation
by Abdul Rehman | Prof.Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1977,T] (1).
4.
The Variability Analysis of The Gene Encoding HCV Non-Structural Protein NS2
by Abdul Rehman (2009-VA-546) | Dr. M. Imran | Dr. Muhammad Yasir Zahoor | Ms. Faiza Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Theses submitted with blank cd. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2337-T] (1).
5.
Study On Prevalence Of Intestinal Nematodes In Buffalo And Comparative Efficacy Of Herbal And Conventional Drugs Against Intestinal Nematodiosis In Buffalo Calves
by Abdul Rehman Qureshi (2014-VA-09) | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Imran Rasheed | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Parasites are a major cause of disease and production losses in livestock, frequently causing major economic loss and impacting on animal health. In livestock roundworms are deliberated the important economically upsetting internal parasites. Although buffalo can be diseased with tapeworms and flat worms, their effect on animal performance is minimal compared to the round worms. Buffalo feed on dry concentrate are less infected with parasite as compared to those who fed on pastures. The timing and frequency of anthelmintic treatments under such climatic conditions will vary greatly from place to place. Humid climates are permanently favorable for the development of infective larvae. With the frequently use of one or more dewormer animal produces anthelmintic resistance also its cost a lot for large herds. Herbal medicine is better option for control of intestinal worms. Herbal drugs are cheap, easy available and easy in administration.
The present study was designed to
1. Check the prevalence of intestinal nematodes in the buffalo population.
2. To determine the efficacy of herbal drugs against intestinal Nematodes in buffalo calves
3. To evaluate the comparison of effectiveness between herbal and commercial drugs to control the intestinal Nematodiosis in buffalo calves.
One hundred buffalo’s faecal samples were examined to check intestinal nematodes prevalence. All buffaloes belonging to various breeds were examined. 56 (93.33%) were Mix breed, 13 (72.22%) Nili Ravi breed and 18 (81.82%) of Kundi breed were positive for intestinal nematodiosis. 47
SUMMARY
Among the examined (87 %) buffaloes were found positive for nematodiosis. Ten buffaloes found positive (10 %) were less than 12 months, 25 buffaloes were between 1-2 year, 39% buffaloes were between 2 - 4 year and 13 buffaloes were above 4 years old were found positive for intestinal nematodiosis.
Among these buffaloes, 65 were male and 35 females. Out of male buffaloes 55 were found positive. While among 35 females 32 were positive for intestinal nematodes.
A total of 30 infected buffalo calves, of various ages (8-12 months), both sexes average body weight of 100 kg and naturally infected with intestinal nematodiosis were used for anthelmintic trials. These were randomly divided into 3 groups i.e. A, B, and C each having 10 calves. Group A and B were treated with herbal medicine. Group A was treated with dried powder Nigella Sativa (Kalonji) seeds at dose level of 250 mg/kg body weight. Group B was treated with Citrullus colocynthis (Kor Tumbha) fruit dried powder at dose level of 250 mg/kg body weight, group C was treated with Albandazole at dose level of 7.5 mg / kg body weight. The sample were taken on 0 day, 7th day, 14th, 21st and 28th day and EPG was determined by modified McMaster technique.
Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package for social science, (SPSS) version 20 (Chicago IL, USA). Data was presented as (mean+ S.D), the group descriptive measures were compared by CR Design (Anova) and applying differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Post hoc test using Duncan multiple range test, to check the pair wise differences and alpha M. There was highly significant difference between commercial and herbal drugs. There was small significant difference between herbal drugs Nigella sativa and Citrullus 48
SUMMARY
colocynthis, both were highly effective against intestinal nematodiosis but less effective than Albandazole.
It is observed Nigella sativa dose showed a significant reduction in EPG .p value is p > .2284 at o day and at 7th day P>0.0146 ,at 14th day p> .0029 . There was also a significant decrease in EPG by Citrullus colocynthis but when compared these herbal drugs with commercial drugs the efficacy of herbal drug is 100 % at 21st day.
Recommendation.
Both herbal drugs Nigella sativa and Citrullus colocynthis used in trial were found highly effective against intestinal nematodiosis in buffalo calves but less effective than synthetic drug Albandazole hence, these herbal drugs cannot be recommended to be used as routine deworming of animals at farm level.
Keeping in view effectiveness of these herbal drugs in early age and having no side effects, it is recommended to be administered as feed additive to enhance immune-potentiation, effective anthelmintic and liver tonic.
There is dire need to carry out more research with increased dose rate of these herbal drugs and also use in combination with other herbal as well as synthetic drugs to evaluate its synergistic effect so farmer can be benefited of its maximum potential. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2637-T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Royal Jelly On Post Thaw Semen Quality Parameters Of Beetal Buck
by Muhammad Kaleem (2009-VA-190) | Dr. Abdul Rehman | Prof. Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Muhammad Avais.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Pakistan is an agricultural country. Livestock plays a major role in the agriculture. Among livestock goat population is highest. In Pakistan Beetle is the most important breed of goat and is known as poor man’s cow. This goat is kept for dual purpose for milk and meat production. Artificial insemination is most valuable technique to improve the production and genetic potential of the goat. Cryopreserved semen has many biochemical, structural and functional problems. These detrimental effects produced by cryopreservation compromise the fertility of goat by decreasing post thaw motility, concentration, viability, plasma membrane and DNA integrity. These detrimental effects are due to many reasons among them production of reactive oxygen species is the most important ones. For last many years’ various solutions have been made to overcome the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species. Various antioxidants are added in all domestic animals and their positive results have been demonstrated by many researchers. RJ is among these antioxidants which improve the sperm parameters.
RJ administration in the semen extenders has been shown to improve the post thaw motility, viability, DNA and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) of Beetal buck semen.
The study was conducted at Al-Haiwan Sires district Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. For this study 3 regular semen donors Beetal bucks were used for semen collection. Semen was collected twice a week and total 7 collections was taken from each buck. After each collection semen of bucks was pooled to avoid individual buck variations and was divided into 5 equal parts in test tube containing extender with different concentration of royal jelly. These concentrations were . 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% RJ. Semen was cryopreserved in LN2.. On post thaw motility, livability, plasma membrane, DNA and acrosome integrity was evaluated.
Summary
27
Different royal jelly concentrations were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Duncan Multiple Range (DMR) test was used to compared the significant differences. Results of different group were expressed as mean ±SEM.
The results show that motility%, Plasma Membrane Integrity %, viability %, Normal Apical Ridge % and DNA integrity% of sperms was significantly high at 1% royal jelly concentration as compare to control and other treatment group. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2722-T] (1).
7.
Effect Of Season (Breeding Vs. Low Breeding) And Breeding Method (Natural Vs. Ai) On Fertility, Embryonic And Fetal Losses In Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffalo Either Bred Naturally Or Artificially
by Arslan Qayyum (2015-VA-1076) | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Abdul Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Husaan Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Buffalo reproductive efficiency is challenging due to seasonal anestrus, lowered fertility and higher embryonic losses. Basic information on reproductive norms is generally lacking in buffalo. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of method of breeding and season on pregnancy rate, and cumulative embryonic and fetal losses in Nili-Ravi buffalo. Buffalo (n = 130) ranging from 4-8 years of age, having 350-550 kg body weight and 60-200 days post-partum were enrolled in this study. Estrus detection was performed twice a day by an apronized teaser buffalo bull for one hour each. A 2X2 factorial design was used to address method of breeding and season. Buffalo (n = 130) exhibiting estrus along with the presence of a large sized (>12 mm) follicle were randomly assigned to be bred either in peak breeding season (PBS; n = 80) or low breeding season (LBS; n = 50). Within each season buffalo were divided to receive either natural service (NS; n = 65) or artificial insemination (AI; n = 65). For natural service, buffalo, in estrus, was allowed to remain with the bull until mating. Artificial insemination was achieved, using frozen thawed semen of bull of known fertility, 24 hours after the onset of standing estrus. PBS comprised of September to December and LBS were from May to July. Serial ultrasonography was done on Day 30, 45, 60 and 90 after breeding (Day 0) to monitor pregnancy rate, embryonic mortality and fetal losses. Results revealed that the pregnancy rate when determined on Day 30 after breeding was higher in NS as compared to AI group (63% vs 43%; P < 0.05) during PBS while it did not differ (48% vs 32%; P > 0.05) in LBS. The cumulative embryonic and fetal losses between Day 31- 90, were significantly lower in PBS than LBS (33% vs 60%; P < 0.05), ignoring breeding method. In conclusion, pregnancy rates are better with natural service in peak breeding season and cumulative embryonic fetal losses were
SUMMARY
higher in low breeding season in Nili-Ravi buffalo. It is implied that this base line information can help in devising strategies to improve reproduction in buffal Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2784-T] (1).
