1.
Effects Of Aflatoxin In Poultry
by Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi, Syed | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: A total number of 300 samples of finished commercial poultry feeds, obtained from poultry feed mills (75 samples), wholesale poultry feed dealers (70 samples) and poultry farms (155 samples) were examined for aflatoxin contamination.It was found that 126 (42%) samples, including 18 (24%) from mills, 19 (27.1%) from dealers and 89 (57.42%) from farms were samples was carried out both by the aqueous acetone method, and the chloroform extraction method. The extracts were qualitatively examined by quick screening method, minicolumn chromatography method and thin layer chromatography method. All of three methods gave comparable results.
The quantity of aflatoxin in contaminated samples ranged from 20 microgram/kg to 2000 microgram/kg. The levels of aflatoxin in majorityofthe contaminated samples (90.5%) ranged from 20 microgram/kg to 150 microgram/kg feed and only 9.5% of samples contained higher levels of aflatoxin. Most of the samples containing higher levels of aflatoxin came from commercial poultry farms. These farms had complaints of high mortalities and poor performance in broilers and low production and low mortalities in breeder flocks.
The experimental production of aflatoxin was carried out on long grain rice using a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus (FRR-2752). The rice cultures were incubated at 28 degree centigrade in an atmosphere of high humidity. In the present study a maximum yield of 803 microgram aflatoxing rice was obtained.
The determination of LD50 of aflatoxin was carried out in 210 one day old Hy-Bred broiler chicks with an average weight of 38 gram each. The chicks were divided into 21 groups labeled from 1 to 21 with 10 birds in each. A single dose of aflatoxin, ranging from 32.82 mg/kg body weight to 0.33 mg/kg body weight, was inoculated into the crops of chicks in groups 1 to 19, the group 20 acted as solvent control and the group 21 as aflatoxin free control. The birds were observed for 7 days post inoculation. The physical state and mortalities were recorded. The birds which had received higher levels of aflatoxin died within few hours of inoculation showing symptoms and lesions of per acute aflatoxicosis.
The LD50 was calculated by Abbot's probit method and was found to be 9.278 mg/kg body weight.
The pathological effect of a single dose of aflatoxin B1 on the immunocompetent organs was studied in a group of broiler chickens. Day-old 60 Hy-Bred broiler chicks were raised on aflatoxin free feed for 3 weeks and then divided into six groups labeled 1 to 6 with 10 birds in each. A single dose of pure aflatoxin B1 at dose rates of 8, 16, 26, 50 and 100 microgram/birds was given to the birds in groups of 1 to 5 respectively, the sixth group acted as toxin free control. The birds were maintained on aflatoxin free feed and water ad lib and observed for 3 weeks post inoculation.
The bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen of each bird was removed and histologically examined, No appreciable histological changes were seen in the organs of birds which had received 8, 16 and 26 microgram AFB1/bird while reductions in size accompanied with other degenerative changes were seen in the thymus glands, bursa and spleens of birds, which had been injected 50 and 100 microgram AFB1/birds respectively. The normal tissues of these organs were replaced by the inflammatory and fibrous tissues. No changes, gross pathological or histological, were seen in the thymus glands, bursa and spleen of control group birds.
The Immunomodulatory effects of a single dose of 100 microgram aflatoxin B1/bird on the development of immunity against Newcastle disease virus vaccine was studied in broiler and layer chickens. A group of 120 one day-old Hy-Bred broiler chicks were divided ito two groups with 60 birds in each and raised for 3 weeks on an aflatoxin free feed.Three randomly selected chicks were bled on the first 7th, 14th and 21st days of age for the determination of maternal haemagglutinin inhibiting (HI) antibody titers. At 3 weeks of age the broilers of each batch were further subdivided into groups labeled as T, T1,T2, K1 and K2 with 10 birds in each.
A batch of layer chicks was raised for 8 weeks on aflatoxin free feed and then divided into groups T, T1, T2, K1 and K2 with 10 birds in each. Three randomly selected chicks were bled on day one and thereafter weekly for determination of maternal H1 antibody titers till the 7th week of age.
The birds in groups T received vaccine and aflatoxin simultaneously, the birds in groups T1 received vaccine 72 hours before toxin and the birds in groups T2 received toxin followed 72 hours later by vaccine. The birds in group K1 acted as toxin free vaccinated control and the bird in groups k2 acted as toxin free unvaccinated control. The birds were maintained on aflatoxin free feed for further 4 weeks. Three randomly selected birds of each group were bled weekly for the determination of serum H1 antibody titers. At the end of 3rd week post inoculation one batch of broilers and the layer groups were challenged with a virulent strain of Newcastle Disease Virus while the other batch of broilers was given a booster dose of vaccine.
All of the birds in unvaccinated aflatoxin free control groups (k2) died within 72 hours of challenge, while the rest o the birds survived. The survivors were bled and sacrificed one week after challenge/booster vaccination. The Sera of birds were examined for H1 antibody titers. The results showed that the administration of aflatoxin alongwith, immediately before or after vaccination depressed the development of H1 antibodies significantly.
Immunomodulation caused by continued feeding of aflatoxin on the development of immunity against Pasteurella multocida vaccine were studied in layer and broiler chickens. Seventy two one-day old hyline layer chicks were raised for 6 weeks on aflatoxin feed and then divided into groups T, T1, T2, T3, K1 and K2 with 12 birds in the Seventy two Hy-Bred broiler chicks, one-day old were divided into 6 groups T, T1, T2, T3, K1 and K2 with 12 birds in each. A toxic feed containing 2.1 microgram of aflatoxin/gram was prepared. The Birds in groups T were given toxic feed for 42 days (21 days before and 21 days after vaccination). The birds in groups T1 were fed toxic meal for 21 days before vaccination and those in groups T2 were fed toxic meal for 21 days after vaccination. The birds in groups T3 received a single dose of 9.278 mg Aflatoxin/kg body weight on the day of vaccination. The birds in the groups K2 as toxin free vaccine free control. All of the birds, except those in the groups K2, were vaccinated with Pasteurella multocida vaccine at the end of 3rd week of age in the broilers and 9th week of age in the layers and challeneged with a virulent Pasteurella multocida organisms 3 weeks post vaccination. After challenge the birds were shifted to aflatoxin free feed till the termination of the experiment.
In layers one bird each of group T and T3 died. In unvaccinated toxin free control group of layers as well as broilers (K2) 11 out of 12 birds died. Six broilers of group T and 5 broilers of group T3 died after challenge. The experiment was terminated on the 7th post challenge. The survivors were bled and sacrificed. Serum was collected from 4 randomly selected birds on the day of vaccination and thereafter weekly till the termination of the experiment. The antibody titer were determined by IHA and ELISA tests. Continued feeding of aflatoxin depressed the development of humoral immunity against Pasteurella multocida vaccine, the depression being more pronounced in broilers.
The pathological effects of aflatoxin were studied in 3 weeks old broiler chicks. A batch of 36 one day-old broiler chicks was raised on aflatoxin free feed for 3 weeks. On 21 days of age the chicks were divided into 3 groups T, T1 and C with 12 birds in each. A single dose of 9.278 mg/kg body weight was injected into the crop of birds in group T. The birds in group T1 were maintained on a feed containing 9.278 mg aflatoxin/bird (2.1 ug/g feed) for 4 weeks. The third group (k) acted as control. The experiment was terminated on the 49th day of age by sacrificing the survivors.
The liver of birds in group T1 were enlarged, and the heart were atrophied. Regenerative changes, some bile duct hyperplasia and fatty changes were seen in liver of birds in group T. in Birds of group T2 the liver was enlarged and showed nodular hyperplasia. Histologically the liver tissue showed acute necrosis, pericellular fibrosis, nuclear dissolution, bile duct proliferation and lymphoid hyperplasia. Degenerative changes were also seen in the heart and kidneys and other organs. No gross or histological changes were present in the organs of the control group (K) birds.
The effects of aflatoxin on the live weight, dressed weight, the weight of liver, heart and gizzard, some seral enzymes and bilirubin were studied in a group of 165 broiler chicks. Day old Hy-Bred broiler chicks were raised on aflatoxin free feed for 3 weeks and then divided into 3 groups T, T1 and K with 55 birds in each. The birds in group T received a single dose of 9.278 aflatoxin/kg body weight while the birds in the group T1 received 9.278 mg aflatoxin/bird which was mixed in feed and offered ad. Lib. To these birds over the next 4 weeks. The birds in group K acted as the toxin free control. The experiment was terminated on the 28th day post inoculation by sacrificing the survivors. Five chicks from each group were bled through cardiac puncture and sacrificed, daily from day one (21st day age) to the 7th day post inoculation (28th day age) and thereafter weekly till the end of the experiment. Serum of these birds was examined for SGOT, SGPT, LDH, SAP and Bilirubin.
Continued feeding of aflatoxin or administration of a single dose of aflatoxin significantly depressed the live weight, dressed weight and weight of heart, while it significantly increased the weight of liver and gizzard. Administration of a single dose of aflatoxin produced dramatic increase in the volume activity of SGOT, SGPT, LDH,SAP bilirubin within 24 hours of toxin administration, the values remained higher during the first week and thereafter slowly came down. In birds fed on contaminated meals the enzymic activity and bilirubin gradually increased during the first week and remained high till the termination of the experiment. In the birds of control group the activity of these parameters remained on baseline levels.
No Carcinogenicity was seen in any of the internal organs of layer chickens which had been raised for 1 year on feed containing 2 ug aflatoxing.
No aflatoxin or aflatoxin residue could be detected in the liver, kidneys and breast muscles of broilers, which had been fed contaminated meals for various lengths of time, and were shifted to aflatoxin free feed 7 days before slaughter. Aflatoxin was recovered from the liver and kidneys of layers which were feeding a contaminated meals at the time of sacrifice, the rate of recovery being 1 microgram/100 grams liver tissue and less than 1 microgram/100 gram kidney tissue. No aflatoxin could be detected in the breast muscles of these chickens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0014,T] (1).
2.
Prevalence Of Buffalo Tuberculosis By Using Short Thermal Test And Identification Of Organism From Lymph
by Shahid Amin | Muhammed Athar Khan | Ata-Ur-Rehman rizvi | Mazhar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0114,T] (1).
3.
The Effect Of Subclinical Mastitis On The Solids-Not-Fat Content Of Milk
by Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Iqbal Ahmed | Ata Ur Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0119,T] (1).
4.
Studies On The Serotyping Of Mycoplasma Isolated From Poultry
by Khalil, M | Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Mr. Manzoor | Mr. Muhmmad Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0134,T] (1).
5.
Incidence Of Rabies Virus In Saliva Of Apparently Normal Dogs In Lahore
by Ajmal Hussain, S | Muhammed Naeem | Asif Rabbani | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0154,T] (1).
6.
Poultry Meat As A Source Of Human Salmonellosis
by Saba Mahmood | Muhammed Ajmal | Syed Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0157,T] (1).
7.
Study Of The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Aflatoxins On The Development Of Immunity Against Newcastle Disease
by Khawar Mahboob | Ata-Ur -Rehman Rizvi | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0159,T] (1).
8.
Post Vaccination Antibody Profile Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Adult Cattle
by Anjum Nisar | Muhammed Ajmal | Mubasher | S. Ata- Ur - Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0163,T] (1).
9.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonellae From Faecal Material Of Sheep And Goats From Different Markets
by Imtiaz Ahmad, Bhuttar | Ata - Ur - Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Muhammed Narrm | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0166,T] (1).
10.
Sero-Epidemiological Survey Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea In Lahore Using Agar Gel Diffusion Technique, With An Attempt On Isolation of Virus
by Fahim Ahmad, Bhatti | Ata Ur -Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The seroloical study was carried out on one thousand serum samples collected randomly from abbatoirs at Lahore city. Of these serum samples 645 were from buffaloes while 55 were of cattle origin. This study was undertaken to study- the seroepidemiology off bovine viral diarrhea in and around Lahore city. Agar gel precipitation test was used for detecting antibodies in the Sera of animals. The primary bovine kidney cell cultures were used for culturing the bovine viral diarrhea virus and the antigen for immuno-diffusion tests was prepared from the infected cells.
An overall incidence of 8.6% was revealed by the agar-gel immuno-diffusion tests. The tests showed 914% buffaloes as having antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea, while '76% of the cattle showed positive results.
The influence of various epidemiologi- cal factors was proven. Higher prevalence rate was observed in the buffaloes as compared to the cattle. The age group of the animals was also found to be one of the factors affecting the distribution of bovine viral diarrhea antibodies, as maximum number of reactors were detected in the 10 years and above age group through agar-gel precipitation tests. Attempts were made on the isolation of virus on primary bovine kidney cell cultures, but were not successful.
The results of the study revealed few animals having precipitating antibodies in their sera. It shows that the disease is not widespread amongst the animals in our area; bit 8till calls for an emergent response from
experts and relevant agencies for mass scale surveys to get a better understanding of the disease and its epidemiology.
Bovine viral diarrhea - Mucosal disease complex has a great economic impact on the livestock industry in general and on the dairy and breeding programmes in particular. As Pakistan is a developing country and the economy relies heavily on the agriculture and livestock resources, therefore, control measures should be adopted without delay to have a proper check on this malady before it spreads to an un-controlable extent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0167,T] (1).
11.
A Comparative Study Of Brucellosis In Livestock And Human Beings
by Amra Akram | Muhammed Ajmal | Ata- Ur -Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Seroprevalence of brucellosis in 541 cattle, 708 sheep, 780 goats and 63 human beings of one farm and 189 cattle, 125 buffaloes, 68 goats and 51 human beings of the other farm was studied. The various serologic tests used for this investigation included the slide agglutination test for initial screening, and the standard tube agglutination test (SAT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS1) for further processing of the sera i.e. quantitation of Brucella antibodies. The higher prevalence of the disease was observed in cattle than buffaloes while goats outnumbered sheep in this respect. The prevalence of the disease in human beings was found to be related positively with the prevalence of the disease in animals.
The overall prevalence of the disease in sheep of one farm was found to be 35(4.947.), 27(3.817.) and 29(4.097.), respectively, by the slide agglutination, standard tube agglutination test (SPIT) and ELISA. Goats of one farm displayed a prevalence of 202(25.897.), 173(22.187.) and 183(23.467.) and that of the other, 3(4.417.), 2(2.947.) and 2(2.947.), respectively, by the slide agglutination, SPT and ELISA. This remarkable difference in the incidence of the disease in two farms may be attributed to the difference of
sample size.
A prevalence of 127(23.48%), 87 (16.08%) and 91(16.82%) was recorded in cattle of one farm while 30(15.877.), 19(10.057.) and 20(10.587.) cattle of the other proved positive respectively to the slide agglutination, SpiT and ELIS. In buffaloes, a prevalence of 17(13.67.) and 11(8.87.) and 11(8.97.) was noted by the slide agglutination, ST and ELISA tests, respectively. While interpreting the age-group relationship of the disease, it was found that adult and old animals had a higher prevalence than the young animals. Owing to the small number of male serum samples, the sex- based analysis of the disease could not have been adequately discussed
The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was found to be a sensitive approach in detecting anti-Brucella antibodies than the slide agglutination and standard tube agglutination tests. The ELISA titres were, on average, about 8 times higher than the corresponding SAT titres
The results of this study have revealed an alarming prevalence of brucellosis in animals of farms which calls for an emergent response of experts for reappraisal and reassessment of the present brucellosis control situation, especially when the disease is an important zoonosis and a potential threat to the human health.
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12.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonellae From Mesenteric Lymph Nodes And Faecal Samples Of Camels From Lahore Abattoir Lahore Abattoir
by Javaid Masood | Muhammed Naeem | Ata - Ur - Rehman Rizvi | Manzoor | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to detrmine the Salmonellae carrier state in camel, in an attempt to understand the epidemiologica] role played by this animal in transmission of Salmonellosis to other animals and man
The faecal and mesenteric lymph gland samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy camel a slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Each sample was enriched in selenite troth arid isolates passed through a series of differential and selective media for an effective primary isolation and purification of Saimonellae.
The identification of isolates was carried out on the basis of their morphology, biochemical characteristics and serology. The serology was carried out using standard polyvalent "0", and "H" group arid type specific antisera by rapid spot agglutination test.
The Salinonellae were isolated from isolated from any faecal samples, giving an isolation percentage of 2.0 in this species.
On the basis of biochemical studies and serology it was observed that both the isolated strains of Salmonella belonged to Salmonella typhimrium.
The camel was found to be carrier of Salmonella typhimurium and could act as a source of infection for animals and man. Further work on large scale is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0171,T] (1).
13.
Diagnosis Of New Castle Disease By Fluorescent Antibody Technique
by Zahida Parveen | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0180,T] (1).
14.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonella From Faecal Material Of Buffaloes
by Rashid, M | Muhammed Ajmal | Mubasher | S. Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Health of human population alongwith animals is always at risk when Salmonella shedding carriers are present. The modern trend of Farm industry makes it more important to look out for the carriers and treat them to save the other animals and man from Salmonellosis.
The present work Was under-taken to determine the Salmonella carrier state in healthy buffaloes, in an attempt to understand the epidemiological role played by these animals in the transmission of Salmonella infection to other animals and man.
The faecal samples. were collected from 1000 animals. A series of enrichment, selective and differential media, biochemical& 6ro1ogy teste were used for isolation,iden- tification and serotyping of Sa.iionella from the faecal specimens.
It was observed that 18 animals out of 1000(1.8%)were carrier of Salmonella.
Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from 12 cases while Slamonella butantan was isolated from 6 cases. Occurrence of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella butantan are important from Veterinary Public Health point of view.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0191,T] (1).
15.
Cultural Evidence Of Organism And Specific Antibody Levels Of Past Multocida Carriers In Buffaloes
by Tahir Yaqub | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Blood samples and laryngeotracheal material of 500 buffaloes, slaughtered at various abattoirs of Lahore, in the month of February, 1988 through June, 1998, were collected and processed for ascertaining carrier condition for Past. Multocida and its effect on the serum antibody levels.
Of the total number of buffaloes examined, the organism was isolated from 23 (4.6 per cent) animals when the laryngeotracheal region was swabbed directly after slauther.
The erum samples from 23 past. Multocida carrier animals were examined for the presence of specific antibodies. Consequently 19 (82.60%) animals proved positive. A similar examination was conducted on sera of 60 non-carrier animals, where, only 5 were found positive. It is hopefully thouth that the findings of this project will provide utilitarian information regarding the role of carriers in epidemiology of HS and its control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0193,T] (1).
16.
Studies On The Occurrence Of Rabies Virus In Saliva Of Apparently Normal Dogs In Lahore
by Aftab-ur-Rehman | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Rabies, is invariably a fatal viral infection of Central Nervous System effecting almost all species of warm blooded animals and man. The disease is causing considerable loss of human and animal life in the country. Sporadic cases of rabies occurred throughout the year, but during the Spring and fall the disease assumes an epidemic form. How the disease perpetuates in nature is not yet clearly understood as mortality rate is almost 100% in affected animals. Some references were available in the literature regarding the possibility of existence of survivors and carriers of' rabies in different animal species.
In order to understand the epidemiology of disease an attempt was made, in the present work, to look for the possibilities of existance of carriers among dog population in the city.
A total of 214 apparently healthy domestic dogs together with 100 stray dogs were tested for the presence of rabies antigen in the salivary gland and brain by Fluorescent antibody test. In case of stray dog rabies antigen was detected in 5 animals including 2% animals secreting virus in salivary gland and 3% animals with antigen both in salivary gland and brain, while in case of domestic do6 animals showed rabies antigen in saliva and 4 animals both in saliva and brains.
Simultaneously 48 cases suspected for rabies including 3 carcases, one cat two dogs and one human brain were also examined for rabies antigen and 50% cases were found positive.
The presence of rabies antigen in the saliva of 2 stray dogs and 2 domestic dogs was highly significant of the carrier role of dogs in rabies. Further work on much larger scale were recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0194,T] (1).
17.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyuping Of Salmonella From Mesenteric Lymmphnodes Of Sheep And Goats
by Ahmad Usman Zafar | Muhammed Ajmal | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | T.M Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Five hundred samples of mesenteric lymph nodes of sheep and goats , 20 from each species , slaughtered at Lahore abattoir, were bacteriologically examined to determine the Salmonella carrier state in healthy sheep and goats. Nine strains of Salmonellae belonging to two serological types i.e. Salmonella typhimurium (l.40%) and Salmonella anatum (0.40%), were isolated. The incidence of Salmonellosis in sheep and goats were recorded as 2.40% and 1.20% respectively.
The media used for primary isolation and purification were Selenite broth, Bismuth sulphite agar, Brillient green agar, MacConkey agar and Nutrient agar. Results of Triple sugar iron agar and Urease test gave a preliminary confirmation of Salmonella organisms. Sugar fermentation reactions, Methyl red and Voges Proskauer tests were also employed for the confirmation of isolates. The Serological identification was carried out with the help of standard antisera manufactured by ' Research Institute of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia, Bulgaria. Further work on much larger scale is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0195,T] (1).
18.
A Study On The Incidence And Types Of Salmonella From Intestines And Liver Of Coturnix Quail Slaughtered At Different
by Fazal Ahmad | Ata-ur- Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0200,T] (1).
19.
Comparative Immunogenic Evaluation Of Live Sheep Pox Vaccines Prepared In Vitro And In Vivo
by Anwar Mahmood, M | Ata Ur Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Sheikh Altaf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Romanian sheep pox virus was pronagate1 in milk teeth susceptible sheep using Borrel techniqne.
The vaccine has a titre of 10-5 in sheep.
A dose of 0.1 ml. of dilution 1:20 was recommended for each sheep. Vaccinated sheep showed a medium size (1 ½ cm- 2 cm) skin reaction at the site of inoculation and mold fever which remained for two days.
Non of the vaccinated sheep showed any secondary lesions or ill effects.
Confluent primary monolayer of testis cells was achieved after 48 hours, CPE started 96 hours post-infection, and 80 percent CF! was noticed on 7th post-infection day.
Vaccine had titre upto 10-4.5 in vitro which correlates The titre in vivo.
0.5 Tissue culture vaccine Containing 100 TCID50 was injected sub/cut to each sheep. It conferred solid immunity.
Both the vaccines withstood challenge infection with a dose of 1 ml (10,000RD) for animal given on 14th post vaccination day.
0.5 ml dose of 1:25 dilution of Romanian virus vaccine gave larger skin reaction which lead to necrosis. Therefore, 0.1 ml dose of 1:20 dilution was used in the study.
5 ml (1.00 TCID 50) of Tissue vaccine when given to sheep did not show any untoward reactions.
Both vaccines gave cross protection against local sheep pox virus and are antigenically related.
Both vaccines showed cross immunity with each other.
The propagation of sheep pox virus in tissue culture is most economical and reliable method.
Tissue culture sheep pox virus vaccine is easy to administer and is recommended for a mass vaccination/sheep pox control programme.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0201,T] (1).
20.
Immunogenic Studies On Tissue Culture Rinderpest Vaccine In Buffaloes And Cattle
by Saeed Ahmad | Muhammed Yousaf vaid | Ata ur Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0202,T] (1).
21.
Role Of Pseudomonas As A Poultry Pathogen
by Khalid Hassan | ata _ Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Afzal | S. Shahid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This research work was undertaken to assess the importance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a poultry pathogen. For this purpose 4000 samples comprised of spoiled eggs 1000, dead in shell chicks 1000, chicks dying during first week 1000, subsequent deaths 1000, were prodessed.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 302 birds giving a percentage of 15.1. While examining spoiled hatching eggs Pseudomonas aeruginosa was revealed in 131 eggs giving a percentage of 13.1 and from 134 dead in shell chicks giving a percentage of 13.4.
The agewise incidence of Peudoinonas aeruginosp infection was zero percent in day old chicks, 25.6 percent in one week old, 24.84 percent in 2 weeks old, 12.69 percent in 3 weeks old, 11.76 percent in 8 weeks and 7.46 in 9 weeks, 7.69 percent in 11 weeks old and 9.32 percent in 12 weeks old and no incidence was observed in chicks of less than one week and in chicks beyond 12 weeks of age.
Pathogenicity of the isolate was studied in one day old chicks and 10 days old developing chick embryos. Twenty six out of 30 chicks died within one to 7 days whereas all the embryos died within 24 hours to 48 hours post-inoculation. The post-mortem examination in dead chicks showed haemorrhagic oedema at the site of inoculation and in dead embryos generalized congestion below the skin. Pseudonionas aeruginosa was re-isolated from heart blood and liver of these chicks and from yolk and chorioallantoic fluid of the embryos.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0217,T] (1).
22.
Sero-Epidemiological Study Of Brucellosis In Domestic Animals Using Standard Plate Test, Standard Tube Test,
by Chani, M | Muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Syed Ata- ur - Rehman rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The sero-epidemlological study of brucellosis was carried out to observe the incidence of brucellosis in 1000 slaughtered end 1000 healthy animals in Peshawar district of N.W.F.P. All the serum samples were subjected to four serological tests I.e. Standard Plate Test, (SPT) standard Tube Test, (STT) Rivanol Test, (RV) and 2,tlercapto-ethanol Test. (2,ME).
The incidence of brucellosis In 1000 healthy animals tested by Standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test, end 2,Mercopto-ethanol test was 2.4%, 1.46%, 1.05% end 0.52%, respectively. While the incidence of brucollosis in 1000 slaughtered animals from Peshawar abettior was 2.5%, 1.5%, 1.2% and 0.8% by standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test, and 2, Mercopto-ethonol test.
The incidence of the disease was higher in slaughtered animals as compared with healthy animals. The disease was more prevalence In goats as compared to buffaloes, cattle, end sheep.
The Incidence of brucellosis in male animal at slaughter house Peshawar was 5% by standard plate test.
While other three tests were found to be negative. Also the same result was recorded In live male animals.
The Incidence of brucellosis In female animals at slaughter house Peshawar was 2.29%, 1.56%, 1.25% and 0.83% by standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test and 2,Mercapto-ethenol test. Similarly it was seen that the disease was more common In aged animals as compares to Youngers stocks.
The efficacy of standard plate test was found more as compared to standard tube test, rivanol test, and 2,Mercepto-ethanol test In slaughtered as well as in apparently healthy animals at Peshawar district. Standard plate test detected 2.45%, where as standard tube test detected 1.80%, rivanol test detected 1.55%, and 2,Mercapto- ethanol test detected 1.05% positive cases in slaughtered as well as In healthy animals.
So the standard plate test was found to be more sensitive, reliable, and can be easily apply.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0241,T] (1).
23.
Role Of Maternal Antibodies In Protection Against Infectious Bursal Disease (Ibd) In Commercial Broilers
by Zaheer Ahmad | Muhammed Akram Muneer | s. Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: In this study, the decay rate of maternal antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) protective efficacy of maternal antibodies to experimental IBDV challenge and the protective efficacy of a live IBD virus vaccine (Bursine 11) to I8DV experimental challenge were studied. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent 1ssay (ELISP) was standardized and performed to analyze the serum samples.
The level of maternal antibodies to (IBDV) was found to be positive till the fourth week of age. The line of best fit to this decay rate within the study period was found to be Y=0.43-O.O53 (week) and has the coefficient of determi- nation 0.904. The positive level of maternal antibodies after second week of age were found insufficient to protect broiler chicks against the IBDV challenge. Maximum mortality (207.) was observed after experimental IBDV challenge at 35 days of age in broiler chicks. This suggested that the offsprings need to be vaccinated with the live IBD virus vaccine before that age.
The maternal antibodies were demonstrated to interfere with the live vaccination.
vaccination. Live virus at 14 days of age were found to be protective and a booster with the same vaccine in the fifth week of age prevented the chicks from infection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0250,T] (1).
24.
Sero-Epidemiology Of Leptospirosis In Buffaloes In Sargodha Division
by Muzaffar Ahmad, Gondal | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of domestic animals and man. In dairy animals leptospiral infection may produce reproductive disorders, abortion, repeat breeding, mastitis and infertility. Etiological agent has more than 180 distinct pathogenic serovars which can be classified into 18 serogroups.
On the basis of serological evidence of leptospirosis, a study was carried out to find the incidence, magnitude and serological distribution of leptospira interrogans in Sargodha division. Out of 713 total serum samples, 301, 157, 147 and 108 were collected from Sargodha, Khushab, Bhakkar and Mianwali districts respectively. These serum samples were of aborted, mastitis infected, healthy pregnant and non pregnant, sterile, repeat breeding and male (service, plough and traction) buffaloes. All the samples were subjected to Rapid Macroscopic Agglutination Test (RMAT). This test was performed both for initial screening and for the identification of leptospiral serovars of positive animals against eleven antigens used.
So it is necessary to control the veneral disease in dairy animals as the evidence suggests that the disease may cause great economic losses to the livestock.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0257,T] (1).
25.
A Study On The Normal Blood Picture Of Buffaloes In Lahore
by Ata ur Rehman Rizvi, Syed | Muhammed Irfan | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1973Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0277,T] (1).
26.
Seerological Incidence Of Avian Infectious Bronchitis In Broiler In Lahore
by Talha Farooq | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Avian Infectious Bronchitis (AIB) is an important disease of chickens affecting birds of all ages, both sexes and, all breeds. The disease is more severe in broilers.
It occurs .in two clinical forms i.e. the respiratory form and the reproductive form. In the first form of disease the mortality is an important factor, while in the latter form the reproductive tract and reproduction of birds are affected. The economic significance of Avjan Infectious Bronchitis lies in the fact that it causes moderate to heavy mortality and marked drop in egg production, increased number of small size, misshaped, and poor quality eggs; low hatchability, death in shell and early chick mortality.
The present work was planned to investigate the serological incidence of Avian Infectious Bronchiti and to have a knowledge about the important serotypes provlent in Pakistan. The sera of 200 broilers from various broiler markets and poultry farms of Lahore was tested against 4 serotypes of Aviari Infectious Bronchitis virus i.e; 1assachusets, Connecticut, Arkansas and JMK using haemsgglutination inhibition test.
The work has shown that Avjan Infectious - ronchitis is present in broilers in and around Lahore, as antibodies against three important serotypes i.e. Massachusetts, Connecticut and Arkansas were detected in 11.5% sera of 200 tested birds.
Further work on large scale using birds from different parts of the country is recommended to determine the exact status of this disease in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0287,T] (1).
27.
Toxigenic Properties Of Staphylococcus Aureus From Human And Animal Origin
by Tayyaba Rashid | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Manzoor | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: A total number of hundred strains of Staphylococcus aureus including 50 human and 50 horse wounds strains, were isolated on Staphylococcus medium No.110. The isolated strains were maintained on nutrient agar slants. The strains of Staphylococcus aureus were examined for the production of coagulase, fibrinolysin, alpha haemolysin,beta haemolysin and delta toxin. The isolated strains were coagulase positive but a variable coagulase activity against the plasma of human, sheep and rabbit. Human plasma gave better results than rabbit and sheep plasma. brinolytic activity of Stapylococcus aureus was tested in oxalated plasma of human, sheep and rabbit. Strains isolated from human surgical wounds were found to be more fibrinolytic as compared to horse isolates. Human and rabbit plasma were a better indicators for checking fibrinolytic activity. None of the isolated strains showed fibrinolytic activity against sheep plasma.
The isolates of Stphlococcus aureus were cultured for alpha haernolysin production in nutrient broth culture. Alpha toxin was purified and its haemolysin activity was determined qualitatively and quantitatively against human, sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. Maximum haemolytic activity was observed against rabbit erythrocytes. Out of hundred strains, sixty-eight produced alpha haemolysin including 45 from human and 23 from horse wounds.
The isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in semi-solid Heart infusion agar for the production of eta haemolysin. This toxin was purified and its haemolytic activity was determined qualitatively and quantitatively against human, sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. Naximum haemolytic activity was observed against sheep erythrocytes. Out of the hundred strains, beta haemolysin was produced by sixty-two strains including 15 from human and 47 from horses.
The isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in Brain Heart infusion agar for .the production of delta toxin. This toxin was purified and its haernolytic activity was observed qualitatively and quantitatively against human, sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. Maximum haemolytic activity of dlta toxin was observed against human erythrocytes. Out of the hundred strains, seventy-one produced delta toxin including 43 from human and 28 from horses.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0288,T] (1).
28.
Study Of Dahi Microflora
by Khalid Naeem | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: One hundred and fifty three dahi samples, from Lahore Milk Plant (51) from various homes (51), and from the Lahore city market (51), were subjected to physical and bacteriological examination.
The physiological analysis revealed that only 24% of Lahore milk plant dahi samples were of popular solid-uniform texture; however, 58% were having good aroma and desirable taste; 64% samples from home made dahi were also of good texture typical /acidic aroma sweet/mildly sour in taste. From market 65% were of firm texture, desirable flavour rind sweet/mildly sour in taste. The remaining samples were of poor quality viz, of watery tecture, sour or bitter in taste and alcoholic or yeasty in aroma. Total bacterial count was ranging tram 2 x 107- 1 x109 organisms per ml from Lahore Milk plant dahi, 2.5 x 107 -9.8 x 108 organisms per ml in home made dahi and 1.1x106-9.5x107 organisms per ml from market made dahi.
The fat percentage aid pH values were 3.8 - 3.9% and 3.5 - 5.9 from Lahore Milk Plant dahi, 3.2 to 4.4% and 3.4 to 6.0 from home-made dahi and 2.5-4.3% snd 3.4-4.9 in market-made dahi, respectively.
The number of samples showing various a types of organisms from Lahore Milk Plant made dahi are given below:
Sterptococcus lactis (48 samples), Streptoccus thermophilus (47 samples), Lactobacillus acidophilus (45 samples), Lactobacillus bulgarious (35 samples), Leuconostoc citrovorum (10 samples) Escherichis coli (5 samples) Bacillus cereus (2 samples), Entrobacter aerogenes (2 samples), yeasts (2 samples) and moulds (1 samples)
The number of samples showing different types of organisms from home made and market made dahi are detailed below:
Streptococcus lactis (45 and 43 samples), Streptococcus thermophilus (45 and 30 samples), Streptococcus faecalis (7 & 12 samles), Staphylococcus suresu (2 and 5 samples), Lactobacillus acidophilus (35 & 25 samples), Lactobacillus casei (1&4 samples), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (40 & 48 samples) Leuconostoc citrovorum (12 and 15 samples), Escherichia coli (10 and samples), Enterobacter aerogenes (8 & 18 samples), Bacillus cereus (5 and 12 samples), yeasts (6&7 samples) and moulds (2&3 samples) respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0289,T] (1).
29.
A Study On The Incidence Of Glanders At Lahore
by Nasreen Niaz | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Altaf Hussain | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Using P.P.D. mallein 200 horses from the Lahore S.P.C.A. Hospital were subjected to intradermal palpebra]. mallein test. One horse gave a positive result giving an over all percentage of 0.5 percent in the animals tested.
The morphological, biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of the Pseudomonas mallei isolated erom this solitary positive case were studied and reported.
Keeping in view the highly contagious nature of the disease and its communicability to man, measures for its diagnosis and eradication have been recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0290,T] (1).
30.
Studies On Avian Pasteurolosis, Characterization Of Isolates From Diseased Carrier Birds
by Tanveer Afzal | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | S Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A total of 1000 birds (600 diseased/dead and 400 healthy) were examined for the isolation of the Pasteurelia muitocida so as to have an idea about the incidence of fowl cholera in the poultry flocks (Broiler and Layer) and the percentage of the carriers for the organism maintiined in and around Lahore.
Out of 600 diseased/dead birds examined 1% yielded Pasteurella inultocida. None of the 400 healthy birds proved carrier for organism. All the six isolates produced small, greyish, circular colonies on blood agar. The growth in the Triptic Soya agar appeared in the form of convex, entire edged, mucoid colonies having a diameter of ljim.
There was not any growth on MacConkey agar. All the isolates fermented glucose, sucrose, mannose, mannitol, xylose and fructose with production of both, acid and gas. Likewise all the six isolates were positive for nitrate reduction, catalase/reduction, indole production H2sproduction nitrate reduction tests.
None of the isolates was positive for gelatin liquification methyl red test, voges-Proskauer test, and urease production test. All the isolated organisms were non-motile.
All the isolates proved pathogenic to mice. Antibitics including chloramphenicol, Gentamicin Furadantin, Streptomycin and Nalidixic acid were highly effective against all the isolated strains. However the isolates were insensitive to Tetracycline and Erythromycin.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0325,T] (1).
31.
Comparative Evaluation Of Mukteswar Strain N.D. Vaccine With Losota And Clonel.Z.58 New Castle Disease Vaccine
by M.D.Mumtaz | Muhammed Naeem | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: New Castle disease still continues to he serious economic threat to poultry industry throughout the world due to its high morbidity and mortality rate.
In Pakistan different vaccines are being used to control this disease. Now-a-days different N.D. vaccines are being imported and used on large scale in Pakistan without; knowing their immunogenic response.
The present study with this project was conducted to evaluate the immunogenecity of our locally prepared Mukteswar strain of N. D. vaccine with imported Deivax Clone LZ 58 and Lasota strains of New Castle disease vaccines. To three groups "A", W. "C", comprising of 25 chicks each Nukteswar, 1,Z Clone 58 and Las toa ND vaccines were administered intramuscularly and group D was kept as unvaccinated control.
Mukteswar ND vaccine gave high imanuanogenic response on day 14 (P.V) with Geomean HI titre of 438 which persisted on day 2i. LZ Clone 68 ND vaccine gave a Geomean HI Sitre of 362 on day 14 which also persisted on day 21.
Laston vaccine gave a Geomean HI titre of antibodies on 14th day as 262 which persisted on day 21 (P. V) which was the lowest as compared to other two vaccines. All the three vaccines resisted challenge. Therefore it is observed from the above findings that Liukteswar strain of ND vaccine gave better results as compared to Clone and Lasota imported vaccines and their import on such large scale be stopped.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0333,T] (1).
32.
Studies On The Anaerobic Flora Of The Camel Intestine
by Saeed Akhtar, Lodhi | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to determine the anaerobic intestinal flora of camel. Anaerobic organisms are a part of the normal flora of animal intestine. Under condition of stress and intestinal stasis bacteria multiply at a very rapid rate and produce intestinal disorders and other diseases.
The sample of intestinal contents were collected from 100 apparently healthy camels slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Anaerobic organisms belonging to different species were isolated from 55 out of 100 animals examined. Based upon morphological, colonial and biochemical characteristics these isolates were
identified as clostridium perfingens 29 (29%) Clostridium sporogenese 10 (10%), Clostridium tetani 4 (4%), Clostridium chauvoei 2 (2%), Clostridium botulinum 3 (3%), Clostridium bifermentans 5 (5%), Clostridium septicum 2 (2%). Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined in mice and it was observed that 15% of the samples were pathogenic. Out of the different species isolated 38% clostriadium perfringens and 100% Clostridium tetani were found pathogenic. Pure culture of isolated organisms were Qbtained from liver, tissues and blood of the inoculated mice.
Since clostridia possess the ability to invade the animal tissue under condition of stress it is suggested that proper prohylactic measures should be adopted to protect the animal from these diseases. High incidence of clostridia in slaughtered camel is alarming. Appropriate hygienic measures are needed to be adopted. A little literature is available on this topic and it requires a series of investigations to get a complete picture of anaerobic organisms present in gastro intestinal tract.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0338,T] (1).
33.
Studies On The Aerobic Flora Of The Camel Intestine
by Jamshed Iqbal, Bhatti | Ata -Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The study as undertaken to determine the aerobic intestinal bacterial flora of camel in an attempt to understand the epidemiological role played by this animal in transmission of diseases to other animals and man.
The sample of intestinal contents were collected from 100 apparently healthy camels slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Each sample was processed through a series of enrichment, differential and selective media for effective primary isolation and identification of aerobic bacteria.
The identification of isolates was further based upon their morpholgy and biochemical characteristics.
The salmonellae were isolated from 287. and coliform organisms from 157. animals slaughtered respectively.
The presence of salmonella in the faeces of 28% animals as highly alarming as it could triger up outbreaks of enteric infection in human beings.
Aerobactor and Proteus species were found to be one precent which is not so alarming where as Shigella species as zero percent. Strict hygienic measures at the abattoir are recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0342,T] (1).
34.
Comparative Study On Ordinary Alum Precipitated And Special Alum Precipitated H.S Vaccine By Dense
by Sajjad Hussain | Dr. Ata-ur-rehman rizvi | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0351,T] (1).
35.
Comparative Seroprevalence Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea In Local And Exotic Cattle Breeds At Different Government
by Liaqat Ali Khan | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Syed Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The project was designed to find out the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea BVD virus antibodies in the sera of local and exotic cattle breeds, randomly selected from four different sources. For this purpose one thousand serum samples were collected and agar gel diffusion technique was used for the detection of antibodies against BVD.
The results of the study revealed that an overall 11.4% cattle population was having antibodies against BVD virus. The prevalence of the BVD in local breed was 14.4% while that of exotic breed was 8.4%. The prevalence rate of antibodies against BVDV was found higher in local cattle breeds as compared to exotic breeds. Various epidemiological factors were considered. Age of the animal was an important factor influencing the prevalence of disease. So regarding the age of the animal high prevalence rates were found in adult as compared to young animals. Maximum number of reactors were found in the adult age group.
The finding of the survey revealed a moderate exposure in cattle population. The occurrence of antibodies against BVD virus in apparently healthy unvaccinated animals was indicative for prevalence of the disease in the country. Therefore it is suggested that a complete survey should be carried out for this problem throughout the country and appropriate control measures for the disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0392,T] (1).
36.
Pathological Changes Associated With Experimental Infectious Bursal Disease In Broiler Chickens
by Nyla Dil Tarar | Dr. Shakeel Akhter Khan | Dr ..S. Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Ahmed Raza | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the pathological changes associated with experimental Infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty broiler chicks on 21 days of age were randomnly divided into six groups, A through F, each containing 40 birds. The inoculum of Infectious bursal disease virus was inoculated intraocularly in the chicks of group A at the age of 21 days, in group C at the age of 28 days, and in group E at the age of 35 days. Groups B, D and F were kept as control for groups A, C and E respectively. Blood samples and lymphoid organs of seven randomnly selected chickens from each group were collected at day 4 post inoculation (P1), 8 P1 and 12 P1, and haematology (TLC, DLC), serology (AGPT) and histopathology of lymphoid organs were conducted.
Typical clinical signs of IBD were noted. The chief and consistent gross lesion produced in the chickens infected at different ages was an initial increase in the size of bursa. At day 4 P1 bursa was oedematous and double in size but at days 8, 12, P1 it was smaller in size than in control chickens. The spleen and thymus appeared almost normal grossly except a few gray foci on spleen.
Histopathological study of bursa of Fabricius (regardless of the age at infection) revealed an initial macrophage and heterophil infiltration of the lymphoid follicle and inter-follicular spaces followed by increased inter-follicular connective tissue, plasma cells, macrophage and thickening of bursal epithelium. Spleen showed lymphocytic necrosis and depletion in the initial stages followed by repopulation. Statistical analysis of lymphoid organ: body weight indices of spleen, bursa and thymus showed a significant difference in the inoculated and control chickens but there was no difference in the chickens inoculated at different ages. All the inoculated birds were found positive for the Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies. The results of hematological study indicated that there was a decrease in the total number of leukocyte and percentage of hetrophils and lymphocytes in all the inoculated chickens regardless of the age at the time of infection. Thus it can be concluded from this study that age susceptibility, from 21 to 35 days, among broiler chickens for Infectious bursal disease was nearly the same.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0436,T] (1).
37.
Effects Of Clopidol And Lasalocid (Avatec) (Coccidiostats) On The Immunity Of Broiler Chicks Vaccinated
by Umer Farooq, M | Dr. Syed Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Khalid | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The birds that received Avatec at recommended dosage levels had higher body weight than the Clopidol medicated, Cyclophosphamide treated or untreated control birds.
Both Avatec and Clopidol treatments did not adversely affect the weights of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver of birds. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in.bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight gain.
Avatec and Clopidol were immuno-stimulants and birds eating medicated rations had higher antibody titres as compared to control birds. The NDV vaccinated birds on Avatec and Clopidol medicated rations and those on non-medicated rations resisted challenge with a virulent ND virus, while the non-vaccinated birds of any treatment group and vaccine free control could not withstand this challenge.
Conclusions
This study indicated that Clopidol and Avatec, when used at recommended dosage levels (25 gm of Premix/50 kg of feed and 6.25 gm of pure drugl5O kg of feed respectively) did not interfere with the development of birds; did not have any adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver; did not interfere with the development of humoral immunity in vaccinated birds. Their medication in feed rather produced beneficial effects on serum, weight gain and antibody production. The injection of Cyclophosphamide resulted in lower body weights, destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against NDV, and very high post-challenge mortality.
The weight gain studies indicated that vaccinated and non- vaccinated birds on Clopidol and Avatec medicated feeds had non- significantly higher body weights that those on non-medicated ration at 56 days of age. Avatec at recommended dosage level, had more beneficial effects on the body weights than the Clopidol. These studies further indicated that vaccinated birds kept on Avatec medicated feed had significantly higher serum antibody titres on day 56 than the vaccinated non-medicated control birds.
From the results of this study it is concluded that Avatec and Clopidol are not immuno-suppressive drugs when used at recommended dosage levels. They rather have beneficial effects on growth performance and immune response of birds. However, there is a need for further investigations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0459,T] (1).
38.
Characterization And Antibiotic Sensitivity Of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates From The Field Cases Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Buffloes Of Punjab
by Puran Das | Dr. Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Dr. Syed Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The research project accomplished was primarily concerned with the isolation and characterization of P. multocida strains involved in field outbreaks of HS in buffaloes of Punjab Province of Pakistan. In addition, isolates were also examined for their sensitivity to various antibiotics and suipha drugs. Isolation attempts, made both on blood samples of live diseased animals and long bones of the dead/slaughtered animals, yielded 10 strains of the organism, solely from the long bones.
All the strains of P. inultocida isolated were uniform in their sugar fermentation and other biochemical reactions, giving a positive reaction for glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, sucrose, sorbitol and xylose, producing acid only and no gas. Like wise a positive reaction was also recorded for catalase, oxidase, indole production, nitrate reduction and H2S production tests. All the strains were however, unable to ferment arabinose, inositol, lactose, maltose, salicin, dulcitol and raffinose sugars and were negative for methyl red, voges proskauer, urease activity and gelatin liquefaction tests.
All the isolates of P. multocida were serologically identified as Roberts type I. All the isolates proved highly pathogenic both to rabbits and mice alike.
The antibiotic sensitivity results against 10 field strains and one reference strain of P. inultocida showed amoxicillin to be the most effective antibiotic. The rest of the antibiotics, placed in accordance with their effectivity, in descending order are ampicillin, chloramphenicol, norfloxicin, kanamycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline and sulphamethaxazole + trimethoprim.
None of the antibiotics except amoxicillin, was able to display equal effectivity against all the 11 strains of P. multocida examined.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0486,T] (1).
39.
Observations On Causative Agent(S) Of Hydropericardium Syndrome (Angara Disease) In Chickens
by Masood Rabbani | Dr. M. Akram Muneer | Dr. Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) an avian adenovirus infection has been identified in poultry flocks all over Pakistan. This project was designed to study various aspects of HPS in terms of its aetiology (virus isolation, purification, and propagation in vitro), route of transmission, clinical picture, and pathology. In addition, identity of the contagium was confirmed through immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, biological titration, serotyping and molecular characterization. Attempts were also made to develop improved vaccines against the FIPS virus.
Investigation on purified HPS agent indicated that this isolate was a new avian adenovirus (AAV) pathotype belonging to serotype-4 of group-I. This isolate was named after Pakistan Agricultural Research Council-I as PARC-I isolates. The results of one-way virus neutralization test with reference AAV antisera (1-1 1) confirmed that the isolate designated as PARC-I isolate belonged to serotype-4. The AAV serotype-4 isolate has the potential to produce the immunoprecipitating and virus neutralizing antibodies.
It was observed that this isolate is capable of causing 1-IPS in broiler chicks. The lesions caused by this virus were identical to those of HPS observed under the field outbreaks. In embryonated chicken eggs, the isolate causes mortality, generalized mu scular congestion, hepatitis and stunted embryonic growth. This virus also causes typical cytopathic effects: rounding, moderate swelling and grape-like clustering upon inoculation onto chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells. The biological characterization indicated that the isolate PARC-I possessed standard properties of other known serotypes of AAV. Although, the new isolate is biologically and serologically identical to serotype-4 of AAV, it is more virulent than the previously known strains of serotype-4. The present work has further indicated that isolates obtained from different TIPS outbreaks over the last 10 years have identical in vitro and in vivo characteristics.
The polypeptide analysis using SDS-PAGE confirmed the identity of i-IPS virus as AAV. The protein pattern of prototype strain of serotype-4 is quite comparable with those of the new isolate. The protein Profile of the isolate PARC-i and eleven other AAV serotypes were also compared. The results indicated that there were seven dense identifiable protein bands on the gel. These virus polypeptides were designated as II, Ill, lIla, IV, IVa, V and VI with molecular weights of 120 Kd, 86 Kd, 65 Kd, 55 Kd, 48 Kd, 42 Kd and 24 Kd, respectively.
Western blotting was also performed to identify common immunogenic antigen (s) amongst the PARC-I isolate and other AAV serotypes of group- I. A total of 7 common bands of the same MW as seen in the gel were detectable in the lane of PARC-i isolate and the lanes of serotypes 1-1 1. In PARC-i lanes, one band above 120 Kd was seen reacting to the hyperimmune serum whereas, 2-3 such bands were detectable in other 1-I I serotypes ol' avian adenoviruses. The western blot studies indicated that at least five of the major proteins are conserved in the eleven AAV serotypes and PARC-i isolate. Although minor antigenic variations among different avian adenovirus serotypes existed no significant differences in the immunogenic proteins, among the eleven adenovirus serotypes, were observed except serotype-9, where 24 Kd band was uniquely present. The sharing of common antigens in various serotypes especially between serotype-9 and PARC-i isolate indicated that this serotype might be useful for developing heterotypic vaccine against HPS, as many field reports indicate failure of currently used vaccines to confer effective resistance in chickens especially 3-4 wks post FIPSV vaccination. One of the reasons of the persistence of HPS might be due to the absence of maternal immunity in broilers, as the breeders are neither properly immunized nor hyperimmunized against HPS.
All the four experimental vaccines provoked almost similar level of protection in the inoculated broiler chicks as they resisted virulent HPSV challenge on 25th day postvaccination. A decrease in protection levels from days 32 postchallenge onwards was evidenced by decrease in the corresponding antibody titre in the vaccinated chicks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0594,T] (1).
40.
Seroprevalence Of Brucellosis Animals And Their Role In Transmitting The Disease To The Abattoir Personnel
by Irshad Hussain | Dr. M. Ajmal | Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Dr. M. Sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Seroprevalerice of brucellosis--- a disease of great zoonotic potentials and implications----- on 552 cattle, 523 buffaloes, 554 sheep, 524 goats and 87 butchers (working at the abattoir) was studied. Various serologic tests employed for this investigation comprised the slide agglutination test for primary screening and the standard tube agglutination test (SAT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for further processing of the sera i.e. quantitation of anti-Brucella antibodies. The slide agglutination test recorded a higher prevalence of the disease whereas both the SAT and ELISA displayed a similar picture of the prevalence. A higher prevalence was noted in buffaloes than cattle while goats outnumbered sheep in this respect.
The prevalence of the disease by agglutination test was found to be 27(4.89), 25(4.527.), 23(4.397.) and 9(10.34X) in cattle, sheep, goats and butchers, respectively, whereas SAT and ELISA registered a prevalence of 18(3.447.), 9(1.627.) and 15(2.067.) respectively buffaloes, sheep and goat!3; however, in human the slide 37(7.07), buffaloes, both the 12(2.177.), in cattle, beings, the
SAT revealed an incidence of 5(5.747.), while the ELISA figured it to be 4(4.59). The influence of various epidemiological factors such as age, sex etc. was proved. Female animals exhibited a higher prevalence (2.97, 3.79, 1.91 and 3.16 per cent in cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats respectively by the SAT and ELISA) in contrast to the male animals which reflected a lower one (1.41, 1.98, 1.07 and 2.08 per cent, respectively). In cattle and buffaloes above
3-years-age, the prevalnece of brucellosis was recorded to be 2.95 and 4.30 per cent respectively, whereas, sheep and goats above 9 month age demonstrated a prevalence of 2.27 and 3.62 per cent respectively by the SAT and ELISA. Younger animals were all negative.
The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was found to be a more reliable, sensitive and specific approach than the slide agglutination and standard tube agglutination tests since the former either did not at all react to the sera with a SAT titre of lesser than 1 in 40 or expressed a titre of I in 80 (on a few sera only) which was not of any diagnostic value. The ELISA titres were, on average, about 8 times higher than the corresponding SAT titres.
The results of this study have revealed an alarming prevalence of brucellosis in our animals, which calls for an emergant response of experts for reappraisal and reassessment of the present brucellosis control situation, especially the disease being an important zoonosis and potential threat to the human health.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1127,T] (1).
41.
Observations on Causative Agent(s) of Hydropericardium Syndrome (Angara disease) in Chickens
by Masood Rabbani | 1. Dr. Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | 2. Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: Phd. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 594-T] (1).
