1.
Epidemiological And Experimental Investigation Of Hydatidosis In Buffalo, Cattle And Dogs
by Ghulam Yasin | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In the epidemiological investigation of present project, 1300 slaughtered buffaloes and 1300 slaughtered cattle were inspected for hydatidosis from two different abattoirs in Lahore district. rllhe results showed that the Overall prevalence of hydatidosis in buffalo was 33.9% (Male 30% and Female 37.81%). Overall prevalence of hydatidosis in cattle was 31.2% (Male 30% and Female 32.42%). Higher prevalence was due to examination of only adult/older animals. As regard to distribution of hydatid cyst, the lungs were more effected than any other organs of both cattle and buffalo. The number, size and state of hydatid cysts were also examined and their results are briefly discussed.
While in experimental investigation of said project, twenty dogs were maintained for a period of two and a half month and the results showed that the dogs infected experimentally with . granulosus did not exhibit any significant and specific symptoms. Among three drugs used against experimentally induced E. granulosus, the Mannsonil (Niclosamide) is the drug of choice (87% effective) while Forbenda (Albendazole) is the drug of choice (87% effective) while Forbenda (Albendazole) is ineffective and Chanazole (Mebendazole) is also very good. The best method to confirm the infection in live dogs is the purgation of the dogs, while in dead dogs is the postmortem examination and inspection of small intestine for E. granulosus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0559,T] (1).
2.
Prevalence Of Trichomoniasis In Domestic And Wild Pigeons And Its Effect On Some Blood Parameters Nd Weight Gain
by Hassan Saleem, M | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was designed to study the prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae (Trichomoniasis) in domestic and wild pigeons and its effect on some blood parameters and also on weight gain.
To find out the prevalence of T. gallinae in domestic and wild pigeons 100 pigeons were examined between March and Apr11, 1998 from different shops of New Tollinton Market and Lahore Zoo, Lahore. The overall prevalence in domestic and wild pigeons was 41%, which was 30% in March and 52% in April. The birds which were kept in unhygienic conditions and ill fed had more chance of having T. galllnae and have higher prevalence.
For the haematological study 10 healthy and 10 infected pigeons were randomly selected (from the already tested -ye and +ve of the infection) and their blood was examined for ITh, Tl.C, DLC and
PCV. The values of Hh, PCV and Monocytes of unhealthy pigeons are lesser than the healthy pigeons, while values of TLC, hetorophils, lymphocytes and Eosinophils are higher in diseased pigeons than the healthy pigeons. There is a significant difference between the means of Hb, PCV, TLC, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, while there is no significant difference between the means of Ileterophils.
Finally for weight gain 10 healthy and 10 infected pigeons were randomly selected from already tested and confirmed -ye and +ve pigeons and weight them very carefully and recorded. Both types of birds were kept under observation and after 4 days again weighed them. Which showed that apparently the infected pigeons had lesser weight than healthy ones. There is also a significant difference between their means.
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3.
Determination Of Protective Level Of Specific Antibodies Against Pasteurella Multocida In Vaccinated Cattle
by Shahid Nasir | Dr.Muhammad Aamin Sheikh | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was conducted on cattle to determine the protective level of specific antibodies against Pasteurella multocida. In this experiment a total of 50 animals were used, maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRI), Bahadarnagar, 0 kara. Fifty animals were vaccinated with alum precipitated formalized broth culture bacterin vaccine procured from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore with a dose rate of 5 ml subcutaneously per animal.
rrhirty of fifty animals randomly were bled for collection of their serum sample on day 0 i.e. before vaccination and thereafter every two weeks post-vaccination till 16 weeks of vaccination are covered. The serum were processed for knowing the specific antibodies against Pasteurella multocida at various stages post- vaccination by IHA test.
The protective level of the specific antibodies against a challenge inoculum of virulent strain of P. multocida Robert's type-I was determined by passive mouse protection (PMP) test. The sera representing each titre of specific antibodies against P.multocida were used for passive immunization of 30 mice prior to their challenge.
GMT value on day 0 i.e. before vaccination was 22.6. The maximum 104 GMT registered on 42' day post-vaccination. Thereafter a decline in titre commenced and titres recorded for 8th 10th, 12th 14th and 16th week post-vaccination included 97, 64, 32,
21.1 and 14.9, respectively.
The sera with indirect haemagglutination (IHA) titre of 1:16 and above protected 100% of the challenged mice and with IHA titre 1:8, 80% protection and sera with IHA titre of 1:4 and below could not survive and 100% mortality was observed and all control mice died in response to challenge.
The maximum individual titre developed was found to be 1:256 and minimum individual titre was found to be 1:4 . The result of this study indicated a great relationship in IHA and PMP tests.
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4.
A Study On The Evaluation Of Oxytetracycline Potentiation With Citric Acid, Calcium Sulphate & Terephthalic
by Adeel Sial, M | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Oxytetracycline (OTC) is administered frequently in veterinary field for the treatment of infectious diseases in large animals and small animals and in the birds. 11 is readily absorbed from the intestine by most mammals but intestinal absorption in poultry is restricted. This project was designed to get more beneficial effect of oxytetracycline in poultry by adding some potentiating substances like citric acid, terephthalic acid and calcium sulphate in the diet.
For this purpose 100 day old chicks were purchased from the local market. These were reared in the poultry house in the College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. They were provided self prepared poultry ration and water ad-lihilum for three weeks. After three weeks these birds were randomly divided into five groups A, B, C, 0 and E comprising twenty birds each. Five (lilferent experimental rations were fed for one week to each group. Group. "A" was given the ration without oxytetracycIine and was kept as control. Group "B" was given the ration with 200mg oxytetracycline per kg of ration. Similarly Group "C" was given the ration with 200mg OTC and 200mg citric acid per kg of ration. Group "I.)" and "F" were fed on ration with 5.9gm terephthalic acid (0.59%) +200mg OTC per kg of ration and 8 gm calcium sulphate (8.0%) + 200mg OTC per kg of ration respectively. The blood samples were collected at 1st, 3rd and 7th day of treatment and serum concentration of oxytetracycline was measured by using the agar well diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis using as test organism. rllhe average values of concentration of OTC in serum of group, B were 0.807±0.56, 0.897±0.63 and 0.886±0.64 on 1st, 3rd and 7th day, which indicated increase from
3rd to 7th was not significant. In group "C" the average values of OTC concentration in serum were 1.366±0.66, 1.767±0.62 and 1.657±0.67 on 1st, 3rd and 7th day respectively, which indicated that citric acid had immediate potentiating affect when mixed with oxytetracycline. however, this effect remained constant during further days of treatment. Similarly the blood serum level of OTC in group I) and E was also increased by TPA and calcium sulphate used a potentiating agents. however, these agents are not SO effective primarily as citric acid in group C.
The result of the present study suggest that oxytetracycline concentration remains constant during all the days of treatment if it is supplemented alone in ration. however, in the presence of other drugs or salts used alongwith it as potentiating agents its concentration in the blood varies according to the nature of the drug or salt incorporated.
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5.
Taxonomy And Prevalence Of Intestinal Parasites Of Sparrows (Passer Domesticus)
by Anjum Mahmood | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Nisar Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and taxonomy of the gastro-intestinal tract helminths in 200 sparrows that were naturally parasitized. In addition, the blood examination was carried out to record the effect of worm infestation on different blood parameters namely Haemoglobin (Hb) estimation, Total leukocyte count (TLC), Packed cell volume (PCV) and Differential leukocyte count (DLC) and these values were compared with the normal values.
Two hundred sparrows purchased from the market were kept in cages in Parasitology Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. The birds were slaughtered at due intervals. Blood was collected and gastro-intestinal tract was searched for the collection and identification of the helminthic species.
The results revealed that out of 200 sparrows, 120 had the worm infestation, showing an overall incidence as 60%. The worms collected were subjected to the taxonomical study which was carried out in the laboratory of PaLrasitology Section.
Two species namely Ascaridia galli (36%) and Heterakis gallinarum (24%) were found inhabiting the small intestine and caeca of the infested birds, respectively. No trematodes and cestodal species were recorded from the GIT of these experimental sparrows. Blood examination revealed slight increase in TLC and Heterophils, while basophils and monocytes were not affected. However, Hb levels, PCV and lymphocytes showed decrease resulting into anaemia and retarded growth of the affected birds versus non-infected ones.
The eggs per gram (EPG) ranged between 200-1000 in case of Ascaridia galli and 400-1000 in Heterakis gallinarum infestation in naturally parasitized sparrows. The main EPG count recorded was 516.666 and 660.41 in case of Ascardia galli and Heterakis gallinarum infestation, respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0721,T] (1).
6.
Prevalence Of Ectoparasites And Chemotherapy Of Lices In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Manzoor Hussain | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Kamran | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Ectoparasites are serious problem of domestic cattle in Malakand Agency, N.W.F.P. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of ectoparasites on cattle and buffaloes and the effect of ectoparasites on various blood parameters were also studied, like TlC, llaemoglobin (Hb) estimation and differential leukocytic count and also to find out the comparative efficacy of (Endectin; ICI Pakistan) and Ivermectin (Ivoject; China) against ectoparasites in cattle and but laloes. The study was conducted from May to August, 2001.
Out of 392, 21 positive cattle and buffaloes were divided into three equal groups (A, B and C) comprising 7 animals each. However, group D was kept as control group i.e. free from ectoparasites.
Seven animals of group-A (4 buffaloes and 3 cattle) were injected lvermcctiii (lndectin, 1CI Pakistan) @ 1 mg/50 kg body weight once and the seven animals of group-B were treated with iverinecti ii (I voject; China) at the same dose rate. The results were recorded on day 10th post-medication for [he presence of lice. More than 92% lices (6 out of 7) were disappeared after the injection of Endectin; ICI Pakistan and only 72% (5 out of 7) of lices were recovered in these animals.
Group-C out of 7 animals (3 cattle and 4 buffaloes), all were positive for lices. These animals were not given any type of medication or injection. They were kept under observation after environmental exposure to check the immunity of the bodies, from day zero. At day 10 the animals were checked again and found remained positive for lices.
The animals of group-D were untreated control. They were examined on day zero and found free for lices. They were further examined on day 10, and found negative for lices.
From the results of present study it has been concluded that Endectin (Ivermectin) was the drug of choice for the treatment of ectoparnsitcs in cattle and buffaloes when it is given at the dose rate of 1 mg/5() kg body weight by subcutaneous injection.
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7.
Oocyst Production Potential In Experimentally Infected Broiler With Eimeria Tenella
by Khalid Younas, M | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The present study was designed to observe the periodicity of oocyst shedding, the ratio of administered oocysts with the oocysts found in the faeces or intestinal contents of infected birds and effect of artificially induced coccidiosis at different ages on weight gain, FCR, OPG count, mortality and lesion scores. For this purpose 84 day-old chicks were purchased from the market and vaccinated against NDV on day 1 and 21 (Mukteswar strain). The birds were divided into 4 groups i.e. A, B, C and D comprising oC 21 birds each. Group A was kept as non-infected control. Virulent Elmeria en at a dose rate of 50,000 sporulated oocysts/bird was given to group B, C and D on day 15, 25 and 35 of age, respectively.
There was no oocyst excretion in faeces of birds in group A. OPG of faeces in group B was higher than in groups C and 1). rFIe OPO of faeces reached the peak on 6th day post-infection in infected groups, but group D again obtained the peak on 17th day postinfection. The highest caecal oocyst counts were observed in group B than C and 1) groups. It was observed that the recovery of the number of oocysts in purified isolates was 58.74%, 50.05% and 26.87% in B, C and D, respectively as compared to OPG counts. It was also noted that the caecal output of oocyst counts was always lower than the total OPG counts per chick during the period of infection in different groups.
Group A showed the highest weight gain (2155 gms) than the infected groups B (1985 grns), C (1930 gms) and D (1978 grns). Feed conversion ratio in groups A, B, C and D was significantly different showing the values as 1.62, 2.26, 1.89 and 1.82, respectively. Group A being uninfected gave the best FCR followed by the birds in groups D and C. While birds in group B gave the poorest values, it was observed that the weight of faeces per chick was almost equal in groups C (163 gms) and D (166.5 gms), but was significantly lower in B (123.5 gms). However, the highest OPG counts occured in group B and the number of oocysts acquired were the best in this group.
The highest mortality was observed in group B (28%) followed by group D (14%) and group C (10%), while no mortality was recorded in group A.
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8.
Prevalence And Treatment Of Faciolosis In Buffaloes Under Farm Conditions
by Sarfraz Ahmed | Dr.H.A.Hashmi | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of fasciolosis in buffaloes under farm conditions, efficacy of recently introduced Homeopathic (Trematox) with Allopathic (Zanil, ICI) drug and economic losses in terms of liver damage and decrease in milk production. For this purpose, 500 faecal samples were examined for the presence of liver fluke. The prevalence was observed 15% in buffaloes under farm conditions located in Okara district. For therapeutic purpose, sixty naturally infected and 20 healthy buffaloes were selected and divided into four equal groups i.e. A, B, C and D containing 20 animals each. Anirnals of group-A (healthy animals) were given no medication. Animals of group-B were infected control group. Animals of group-C were treated with Zanil (Oxyclozanide), while animals of group-D were treated with Trematox (A horneopathetic drug).
The therapeutic efficacy of Zanil and Trematox was compared on the basis of pre- and post-medication egg counts. The animals used for this study were naturally infected buffaloes (confirmed by faecal examination). Sixty positive and 20 negative cases were selected for tlie study. rfhe faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of the animals.
Eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and clinical performance were monitored. Faecal samples were examined at zero, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 18th day post-treatment. Animals which remained positive on 18th day were given a second dose of the respective drug on the same day and their faecal samples were further examined on 21st and 28th day.In buffaloes treated with Trematox the efflcacy recorded was 20.45% on 3rd day, 29.54% on 5th day, 40.90% on 7th day, 47.72% on 10th day, 50% on 14th day, 54.54% on 18th dày, 56.81% on 21st day and 61.36% on 28th day.
Buffaloes treated with Zanil showed better results than Trernatox. Decrease in the faecal egg counts was 39.13% on 3rd day, 56.52% on 5th clay, 69.56% on 7th day, 78.26% on 10th day, 82% on14th day, 86.95% on 18th day, 93.47% on 21st day and 95.65% on
28th day as compared to that of zero day.
The economic losses due to liver damage recorded were 21.6 million (Rs.) annually in 600 animals. Wheras economic loss in terms of decrease in milk production in infected animals was recorded as Rs.10,800 annually per animals
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9.
A Comparision Of Biological And Medicinal Contro Of Coccidiosis In Broilers Under Field Condition
by Mirza Waqar Baig | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad | Prof. Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The present study was designed to estimate the efficacy of different locally prepared anticoccidial vaccines against E. tenella infections i.e. irradiated non-sporulated vaccine and irradiated sporulated E. tenella vaccine, herbal anticoccidial (Coxigon) and cemical anlicoccidial (Suipha Diverdine). For estimation of the efficacy of the said anticoccidials, OPG counts, weight gain, FCR and mortality records were compared amongst the control and test groups.
A total of 150 day-old broilers were equally divided into six different groups on day 3 namely; A, B, C, D, E and F. Each group comprised of 25 chicks. ND vaccine was administered on day 1 and 21 of age to the chicks of all groups. rIhe test groups were infected through contamination of the bedding of the chicks by spraying sporulated oocysts between day 12 and 17 of the experinient. Group A acted as non-infected control, .13 as infected control, C was infected but vaccinated with irradiated non-sporulated E. tenella vaccine on day 3 and 10 @ 1000 oocysls per bird. Group D was infected and treated with Coxigon (herbal medicine), E was infected but treated with Coxidal (Sulpha diverdine). Similarly group F' was infected and vaccinated with irradiated but sporulated oocyst on day 3 and 10 @ 1000 oocysts per bird. To access the comparative efficucies of different groups mean OPG, mean weight gains and mean FCR of control and test groups were compared. The OPG counts were conducted on each 4th day from day 18th to 42. The results indicated that the first observation of OPG counts (day-18) showed heavy infection in all control (infected) and test groups. In group 13, 264523 oocysts were observed on day 18 which gradually reduced to 15773 on day 42. Group C (vaccinated with non sporulated, irradiated oocysts) showed 14214 OPG counts, which sharply declined on each observation and showed 89.00 QPG and day 38 followed by '0, by the end of the experiment, showing significaht difference from the control (1? <0.05). Group D (Coxigon) and groap E (Coxidar) showed gradual decline like infected control group and
735 OPG counts were observed in group E even on day 42. In group F the first observation showed 150428 OPG counts, which abruptly declined to 119 on day 38 followed by '0' on day 42. So group C and F' showed comparable and the best results as compared to groups D and E.
Weight gains were almost equal in all the test and control groups by day 14. The difference appeared on third observation (on day 21) between infected control and other groups. At the end of the experiment members of groups A, C, D, E and F gained 31%, 14%, 11.83%, 10.92% and 12% greater weights than group B. rphe FOR in ranked order was calculated in groups A, F, C, D, E and B, showing the cfCicacy of irradiated - sporulated vaccine. Mortalities occurred in groups B, C, D, E and F as 5, 2, 1, 4 and 1, respectively.
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10.
Therapeutic Trials In Helminthic Diarrhoea Of Sheep And Goats
by Muhammad Ijaz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Avais | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Sheep and goats, although representing an important source of animal protein in third world countries such as Pakistan, seem to have benefited little from veterinary care and production improvement. Although adapted to local climatic and nutritional conditions, economic production of small ruminants is hampered by infectious and parasitic diseases coupled with inadequate management.
A study of gastrointestinal helminthes of sheep and goats in Lahore has been conducted, covering a period of 3 month (September to November, 2007). During this study the infection rate of GIT helminthes that causing diarrhoea in sheep and goat was studied a total of 300 animals (n=l 50 sheep, n1 50 goats). The animals presented at the Outdoor Hospital, LXepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (CMS) and various private and government hospitals were examined for the presence of helminthes. The faecal samples were collected and examined by Direct Smear Method and Salt Flotation technique for the presence of helrninth eggs, where as McMaster technique was used for EPG count to determine the drug efficacy. The result of present study revealed an overall infection rate of GIT Helminthes (66.34%) in sheep and goats. When compared the infection rate of GIT Helminthes in animals species it was found that the infection rate of GIT Helminthes is higher in sheep (70.67%) as compared to goats (62%). When compared the class wise infection rate of GIT Helminthes in sheep, an increased infection rate of Nematodes (54.67%) was observed followed by Trematodes (14.67%) and Cestodes (1.34%). Similar patten was observed in case of goats for Nematodes (48%), Trematodes (10%) and Cestodes (4%). Following species of helminthes were recovered and identified.
Haemonch us con tortus Strongylus papillosus, Trichiuris globulosa, Trichostrongylus spp. Ostertagia circumcinta.
Two species of Trematode and oae species of Cestode was recorded during the present study that was Fasciola hepatica, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Mon iezia expansa, respectively. Among the Nematodes Haemonchus contortus was recorded to be the highest in sheep and goats with an incidence of (40%) and (28%), respectively followed by other Nernatodes of sheep, Strongylus papillosus (4%), Trichiuris globulosa (2.67%), Ostertagia circurncinta (2.67%), Trichostrongylus spp (1.34%), respectively. Trematodes and Cestodes recorded in sheep were Fasciola hepatica (14.67%), Cotylophoron cotylophoruin (4%) and Moniezia expansa (1.34%), respectively. The Nematodes species of goats were found as Haemonchus contortus (28%), Strongylus papillosus (6%), Trichiuris globulosa (4.67%), Trichostrongylus spp (1.34%). Ostertagia circuincinta (2.67%). Trernatodes species in goats was Fasciola hepatica (10%), Cotylophoron cotylophoron (6.67%) and Cestodes were Moniezia expansa (4%).
The efficacy of Ricobendazole (albendazole sulphoxide) was reported to be (67%), (90%) and (98%) at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. The efficacy of Ricobendazole was higher than Albcndazole (47%), (88%) and (96%) at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. Lowest efficacy of Garlic powder against helminth parasites was reported as (8%), (16%) and (2 1%) at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. When compared day wise as well group wise efficacy of Albendazole, Ricobendazole and Garlic powder shows the significant difference (p<O.O5) was reported among the groups. Ricobendazole reduced the EPG significantly followed by Albendazole and Garlic powder compared with control positive group.
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11.
The Comparative Efficacy Of Various Feed Additives On The Resistance Of Broiler To Experimenmtally Induced Cecal Coccidiosis
by Atta Subhani | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad Lateef | Prof.Dr.Muham | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Coccidiosis is the major parasitic disease of poultry and is caused by the apicomplexan parasites Eimeria. Drugs and live vaccines are the two main control measures of the disease; however, due to increasing concerns with prophylactic drug use and the high cost of vaccines, alternative control methods are needed. Recent evidence that various dietary and live microbial supplements can influence host immunity against enteric diseases prompted me to investigate the role of prebiotic, probiotic on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Neem fruit (azadirachta indica) and diclazuril is also used in the experimental trial due to their anticoccidial activity. For this purpose a total of 300 day old chicks free from coccidial infection were randomly divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) each comprising 50 birds. The dietary treatments for groups A-F were basal diet only, basal diet + Diclazuril 0.5%, basal diet + lactobacillus based probiotic, basal diet + Mannan-oligosacchrides (MOS), basal diet + neem fruit (Azadirachta indica) and basal diet only, respectively. The birds in groups A-E were challenged oesophageally with 10000 viable sporulated E. tenella oocysts, while the birds in group F were remained unchallenged and serve as negative control. The oocyst per gram (OPG), clinical signs/severity of diarrhea, lesion score, body weight gain, feed consumption, FCR, mortality rates, hemoglobin estimation, total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count were the parameters considered. The efficacy of various treatments was estimated on the basis of reduction in OPG, clinical signs/severity of diarrhea and lesion score. The effect of coccidiosis on hemoglobin, total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count were also recorded. The data thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Technique. The difference among the treatment means were tested by Duncans's Multiple Range (DMR) Test.
The results of the experiment revealed that oocyst per gram (OPG), clinical signs/severity of diarrhea, lesion score, mortality rates, feed consumption, hemoglobin estimation, total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count of group D and C were significantly lower than group A, B and E (p<O.O5) respectively except group F (-ye control), but feed consumption of group C and D is significantly lower than group F (p<O.05). Body weight gain, and FCR of group C and D were significantly higher than group F, followed by E, B and A (p<O.O5) respectively.
From the results of above experiment it is concluded that both prebiotic and probiotic not only facilitate as an anticoccidial but also helpful in body weight gain. These consequently result as an alternative drug free approach to antibiotics for the control of coccidiosis because of drug resistance as well as growth promoter and ultimately reduce the economic losses due to coccidiosis.
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12.
Effect Of Vitamin-E Supplementation On Lead Toxicity In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japinica)
by Yaseen Humayun | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Quails are farmed in large number in Pakistan. Due to improper manage mental rearing system for quails in Pakistan the chances of lead toxicity is more in country through feed and fences and water. A total number of 420, day old chicks of Japanese quail were procured from the hatchery of Avian Research and Training Centre (ARTC), UVAS, Lahore. They were assigned seven dietary treatments. There were three replicates in each treatment group and each replicate was of twenty chicks. Control diet group A received only basal diet without any supplementation. Group B received basal diet + 50 mg/kg Pb. Group C received basal diet + 75 mg/kg Pb. Group D received basal diet +100 mg/kg Pb. Group E received basal diet+50 mg/kg Pb+40 mg/kg vit-E. Group F received basal diet+75 mg/kg Pb + 40mg/kg vit-E. Group G received basal diet+100 mg/kg Pb + 40mg/kg vit-E. The body weight of each the birds were carried out weekly and significant results were observed. Blood samples were collected on the 21st (3rd week), 28th (4th week), 35th (5th week) and 42nd (6th week) days of dietary treatment from two birds from each group to evaluate the liver, kidney functions and non significant results were observed. In liver mild degeneration of hepatocytes and increase in Kupffer cells while degeneration in the epithelium and mild fibrosis in interstitial tissue and cystic dilatations in the tubules and hyaline casts in the lumens of kidney tubules were major pathological lesions caused by lead and vitamin-E were observed.
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